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Rapos Pereira F, George N, Dalla Barba G, Dubois B, La Corte V. The Memory Binding Test Detects Early Subtle Episodic Memory Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:465-479. [PMID: 38393903 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background The asymptomatic at-risk phase might be the optimal time-window to establish clinically meaningful endpoints in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective We investigated whether, compared with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), the Memory Binding Test (MBT) can anticipate the diagnosis of emergent subtle episodic memory (EM) deficits to an at-risk phase. Methods Five-year longitudinal FCSRT and MBT scores from 45 individuals matched for age, education, and gender, were divided into 3 groups of 15 subjects: Aβ-/controls, Aβ+/stable, and Aβ+/progressors (preclinical-AD). The MBT adds an associative memory component (binding), particularly sensitive to subtle EM decline. Results In the MBT, EM decline started in the Aβ+/progressors (preclinical-AD) up to 4 years prior to diagnosis in delayed free recall (FR), followed by decline in binding-associated scores 1 year later. Conversely, in the FCSRT, EM-decline began later, up to 3 years prior to diagnosis, in the same group on both immediate and delayed versions of FR, while on total recall (TR) and intrusions decline started only 1 year prior to diagnosis. Conclusions The MBT seems more sensitive than the FCSRT for early EM-decline detection, regarding the year of diagnosis and the number of scores showing AD-linked EM deficits (associated with the AD-characteristic amnesic hippocampal syndrome). Considering the MBT as a detection tool of early subtle EM-decline in an asymptomatic at-risk phase, and the FCSRT as a classification tool of stages of EM-decline from a preclinical phase, these tests ought to potentially become complementary diagnostic tools that can foster therapies to delay cognitive decline. Clinical trial registration title: Electrophysiological markers of the progression to clinical Alzheimer disease in asymptomatic at-risk individuals: a longitudinal event-related potential study of episodic memory in the INSIGHT pre-AD cohort (acronym: ePARAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Rapos Pereira
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225' APHP, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nathalie George
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225' APHP, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225' APHP, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), ICM, CIC Neurosciences, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (UR 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Torrealba E, Aguilar-Zerpa N, Garcia-Morales P, Díaz M. Compensatory Mechanisms in Early Alzheimer's Disease and Clinical Setting: The Need for Novel Neuropsychological Strategies. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:513-525. [PMID: 37313485 PMCID: PMC10259077 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the detection of biomarkers and in the design of drugs that can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the underlying primary mechanisms have not been elucidated. The diagnosis of AD has notably improved with the development of neuroimaging techniques and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers which have provided new information not available in the past. Although the diagnosis has advanced, there is a consensus among experts that, when making the diagnosis in a specific patient, many years have probably passed since the onset of the underlying processes, and it is very likely that the biomarkers in use and their cutoffs do not reflect the true critical points for establishing the precise stage of the ongoing disease. In this context, frequent disparities between current biomarkers and cognitive and functional performance in clinical practice constitute a major drawback in translational neurology. To our knowledge, the In-Out-test is the only neuropsychological test developed with the idea that compensatory brain mechanisms exist in the early stages of AD, and whose positive effects on conventional tests performance can be reduced in assessing episodic memory in the context of a dual-task, through which the executive auxiliary networks are 'distracted', thus uncover the real memory deficit. Furthermore, as additional traits, age and formal education have no impact on the performance of the In-Out-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Torrealba
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas De Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Norka Aguilar-Zerpa
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Physics, University of La Laguna, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Huang L, Li Y, Wu J, Chen N, Xia H, Guo Q. Shanghai Cognitive Screening: A Mobile Cognitive Assessment Tool Using Voice Recognition to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in the Community. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:227-236. [PMID: 37482999 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid digital instrument is needed to facilitate community-based screening of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China. OBJECTIVE We developed a voice recognition-based cognitive assessment (Shanghai Cognitive Screening, SCS) on mobile devices and evaluated its diagnostic performance. METHODS Participants (N = 251) including healthy controls (N = 98), subjective cognitive decline (SCD, N = 42), MCI (N = 80), and mild AD (N = 31) were recruited from the memory clinic at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital. The SCS is fully self-administered, takes about six minutes and measures the function of visual memory, language, and executive function. Participants were instructed to complete SCS tests, gold-standard neuropsychological tests and standardized structural 3T brain MRI. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha was 0.910 of the overall scale, indicating high internal consistency. The SCS total score had an AUC of 0.921 to detect AD (sensitivity = 0.903, specificity = 0.945, positive predictive value = 0.700, negative predictive value = 0.986, likelihood ratio = 16.42, number needed for screening utility = 0.639), and an AUC of 0.838 to detect MCI (sensitivity = 0.793, specificity = 0.671, positive predictive value = 0.657, negative predictive value = 0.803, likelihood ratio = 2.41, number needed for screening utility = 0.944). The subtests demonstrated moderate to high correlations with the gold-standard tests from their respective cognitive domains. The SCS total score and its memory scores all correlated positively with relative volumes of the whole hippocampus and almost all subregions, after controlling for age, sex, and education. CONCLUSION The SCS has good diagnostic accuracy for detecting MCI and AD dementia and has the potential to facilitate large-scale screening in the general community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yatian Li
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai BestCovered Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingnan Wu
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai BestCovered Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai BestCovered Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Xia
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai BestCovered Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Arriola-Infante JE, García-Roldán E, Montiel-Herrera F, Maestre-Bravo R, Mendoza-Vázquez G, Marín-Cabañas AM, Méndez-Barrio C, Luque-Tirado A, Rodrigo-Herrero S, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Maillet D, Franco-Macías E. Using Cognitive Reserve to Create Norms for the TMA-93 (Relational Binding of Images). J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:119-129. [PMID: 37482991 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMA-93 examines relational binding using images. Biomarker validation has demonstrated that it is discriminative for diagnosing early AD. The effect of cognitive reserve on TMA-93 performance remains unexplored and could improve the interpretative framework for using the test. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of cognitive reserve on TMA-93 performance and to provide new norms for the test that include its measurement. METHODS Cognitively unimpaired people aged 55 and over were systematically recruited for this cross-sectional normative study in southern Spain. Age, sex, and scores on the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRQ; maximum score: 25 points) were collected, and the TMA-93 was administered (maximum score: 30 points). Percentile-based reference data that captured combinations of socio-demographics variables with significant effect on TMA-93 performance were calculated. RESULTS 902 participants (62.5% female; age: median = 68, IQR = 61-75, range = 55-90) were included. CRQ total scores were globally low (median = 8, IQR = 5-13, range = 0-24). Cognitive reserve, including modifiable items as reading activity and intellectual gaming activity, and age mainly supported the TMA-93 total score variance. Sex seemed to have some influence in the elderly. TMA-93 total scores medians began to drop from 70-75 years old. Higher total score on the CRQ and, possibly, female sex determined a gentler slope. New norms based on these variables showed wide variations in scores for the 5th and 10th percentiles. CONCLUSION Visual relational binding ability depends on cognitive reserve, including modifiable items. The age-related binding deficit is buffered by higher cognitive reserve and, at older ages, by female sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto García-Roldán
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Fátima Montiel-Herrera
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Rebeca Maestre-Bravo
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlota Méndez-Barrio
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Andrea Luque-Tirado
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Didier Maillet
- Neurology Service, Hôspital Saint-Louis (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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Brugulat-Serrat A, Cañas-Martínez A, Canals-Gispert L, Marne P, Gramunt N, Milà-Alomà M, Suárez-Calvet M, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Grau-Rivera O, González-de-Echávarri JM, Minguillon C, Fauria K, Kollmorgen G, Suridjan I, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Gispert JD, Molinuevo JL, Sánchez-Benavides G. Enhancing the Sensitivity of Memory Tests: Reference Data for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test and the Logical Memory Task from Cognitively Healthy Subjects with Normal Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Levels. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:119-128. [PMID: 34569957 PMCID: PMC8609690 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive performance of a given individual should be interpreted in the context of reference standards obtained in cognitively healthy populations. Recent evidence has shown that removing asymptomatic individuals with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer's disease pathology from normative samples increases the sensitivity of norms to detect memory impairments. These kind of norms may be useful for defining subtle cognitive decline, the transitional cognitive decline between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to provide norms for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV in a sample of individuals aged 50-70 years with normal levels of amyloid-β and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. METHODS The sample was composed of 248 individuals from the ALFA+ study with negative amyloid-β and tau CSF biomarker levels. Regression-based norms were developed, including adjustments for age, education, and sex when applicable. RESULTS We found that education was associated with the performance in all the variables of both tests while age had a marginal effect only in the delayed free recall of the FCSRT. Sex was also related to the performance in the FCSRT, with women outperforming men. Equations to calculate z-scores and normative percentile tables were created. As compared with previously published norms the reference data presented were more sensitive but less specific, as expected. CONCLUSION The use of the norms provided in this work, in combination with the already published conventional norms, may contribute to detecting subtle memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brugulat-Serrat
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Cañas-Martínez
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Canals-Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Marne
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Milà-Alomà
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Rodrigo-Herrero S, Luque-Tirado A, Méndez-Barrio C, García-Solís D, Bernal Sánchez-Arjona M, Oropesa-Ruiz JM, Maillet D, Franco-Macías E. TMA-93 Validation by Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers: A Comparison with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test on a Biobank Sample. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:401-410. [PMID: 34024831 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Memory Associative Test TMA-93 examines visual relational binding, characteristically affected in early-AD stages. OBJECTIVE We aim to validate the TMA-93 by biomarkers determination and compare its diagnostic characteristics with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). METHODS Retrospective analysis of a Biobank database. Patients' records initially consulted for memory complaints, scored MMSE≥22, had TMA-93 and FCSRT tested, and AD biomarker determination (Amyloid-PET or CSF), either positive or negative, were selected. As cutoffs, we considered the 10-percentile for TMA-93 (P10/TMA-93), and "total free recall" (TFR) 21/22, total recall (TR) 43/44, and Cued Index < 0.77 for FCSRT from previous Spanish validation and normative studies. Diagnostic utilities were calculated using ROC curves and compared by the DeLong method. We studied if one test improved the other test's prediction, following a forward stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS We selected 105 records: 64 "positive" and 41 "negative" biomarkers. TMA-93 total score diagnostic utility (AUC = 0.72; 95%CI:0.62-0.82) was higher than those of the FCSRT: TFR (AUC = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.60-0.80), TR (AUC = 0.63; 95%CI:0.53-0.74), and Cued Index (AUC = 0.62; 95%CI:0.52-0.73). The P10/TMA-93 cutoff showed 86%sensitivity, similar to that of the most sensitive FCSRT cutoff (TFR21/22, 89%) and 29%specificity, lower than that of the most specific FCSRT cutoff (Cued Index < 0.77, 57%). 32.8%of the positive-biomarker group scored above CI/0.77 but below p10TMA-93. The addition of TMA-93 total score to FCSRT variables improved significantly the biomarkers results' prediction. CONCLUSION TMA-93 demonstrated "reasonable" diagnostic utility, similar to FCSRT, for discriminating AD biomarker groups. TMA-93 total score improved the AD biomarker result prediction when added to FCSRT variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David García-Solís
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Didier Maillet
- Neurology Service, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
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Franco-Macías E, Rodrigo-Herrero S, Luque-Tirado A, Méndez-Barrio C, Medina-Rodriguez M, Graciani-Cantisán E, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Maillet D. Reliability and Feasibility of the Memory Associative Test TMA-93. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:431-440. [PMID: 33283164 PMCID: PMC7683101 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Memory tests focused on binding may be more sensitive to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at an early phase. TMA-93 examines relational binding by images. Objective: Evaluate the reliability (internal consistency and inter-rater and test-retest reliability) and feasibility of the TMA-93 in a clinic setting with low-educated individuals and limited face-to-face time per patient. Methods: The study was undertaken in a neurology outpatient clinic of a hospital in Southern Spain. The internal consistency of the TMA-93 was estimated in 35 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 40 healthy controls (HCs). The inter-rater reliability (by two raters) and feasibility (by recording the percentage of participants who completed the test, and by timing the administration time) were evaluated in HCs (n = 16), aMCI patients (n = 18), and mild dementia patients (n = 15). The test-retest reliability for the TMA-93 total score was studied in 51 HCs tested by the same examiner 2–4 months apart. The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability was quantified by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The administration time was compared by diagnosis. Results: The internal consistency was “optimal” (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.936). The test-retest reliability was “good” [ICC = 0.802 (CI 95% = 0.653–0.887)]. The inter-rater reliability was “optimal” [ICC = 0.999, (CI 95% = 0.999–1)]. All participants completed the test. The administration time ranged from less than 3 min in HCs to 6 min in aMCI patients, and 7 min in mild dementia patients. Conclusion: Good feasibility and reliability support using the TMA-93 for examining visual relational binding, particularly in the context of low-educational attainment and limited time per patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Franco-Macías
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero
- Unidad de Memoria. Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - Andrea Luque-Tirado
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlota Méndez-Barrio
- Unidad de Memoria. Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - Manuel Medina-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Didier Maillet
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis (AP-HP), Paris, France
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Gagliardi G, Epelbaum S, Houot M, Bakardjian H, Boukadida L, Revillon M, Dubois B, Dalla Barba G, La Corte V. Which Episodic Memory Performance is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Elderly Cognitive Complainers? Evidence from a Longitudinal Observational Study with Four Episodic Memory Tests (Insight-PreAD). J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:811-824. [PMID: 31282413 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is found in the brain years before symptoms are usually detected. An episodic memory (EM) decline is considered to be the specific cognitive sign indicating a transition from the preclinical to the prodromal stage of AD. However, there is still no consensus on the most sensitive tool to detect it. OBJECTIVE The goal of our study was to determine which EM measures, among three clinically used EM tests and one research EM test, would be optimal to use for detection of early decline in elderly cognitive complainers. METHODS 318 healthy elderly participants with subjective cognitive complaint were followed for two years. We applied generalized linear mixed models to investigate the effect of baseline brain amyloid and metabolism on the longitudinal evolution of four EM tests. RESULTS Our findings show that participants performed significantly worse in two out of four EM tests (i.e., the Memory Binding Test and the Delayed Matched Sample test 48 items) as their level of brain amyloid load increased. However, we did not find an association between EM measures and brain metabolism. An interaction of the two biomarkers was associated with the number of intrusions in the Memory Binding Test over two years. CONCLUSION As most clinical trials in AD are now including patients at its early clinical stage, the precise delineation of the transition phase between the preclinical and prodromal stages of the disease is of crucial importance. Our study indicates that challenging EM tests and intrusions are valuable tools to identify this critical transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Gagliardi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Inria, Aramis Project Team, Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), ICM, CIC Neurosciences, APHP Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Hovagim Bakardjian
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Boukadida
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Revillon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), ICM, CIC Neurosciences, APHP Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France
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9
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Rodrigo-Herrero S, Sánchez-Benavides G, Ainz-Gómez L, Luque-Tirado A, Graciani-Cantisán E, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Maillet D, Jiménez-Hernández MD, Franco-Macías E. Norms for Testing Visual Binding Using the Memory Associative Test (TMA-93) in Older Educationally-Diverse Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:871-878. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-191235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Leire Ainz-Gómez
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrea Luque-Tirado
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Didier Maillet
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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10
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McAndrews MP, Cohn M, Gold DA. Infusing cognitive neuroscience into the clinical neuropsychology of memory. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Vyhnálek M, Marková H, Laczó J, De Beni R, Di Nuovo S. Assessment of Memory Impairment in Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:975-985. [PMID: 31724515 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191113125303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment has been considered as one of the earliest clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This paper summarizes recent progress in the assessment of memory impairment in predementia stages. New promising approaches of memory assessment include evaluation of longitudinal cognitive changes, assessment of long-term memory loss, evaluation of subjective cognitive concerns and testing of other memory modalities, such as spatial memory. In addition, we describe new challenging memory tests based on memory binding paradigms that have been recently developed and are currently being validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vyhnálek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Marková
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Education, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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12
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Rodrigo-Herrero S, Carnero-Pardo C, Méndez-Barrio C, De Miguel-Tristancho M, Graciani-Cantisán E, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Maillet D, Jiménez-Hernández MD, Franco-Macías E. TMA-93 for Diagnosing Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison With the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:322-328. [PMID: 31084187 PMCID: PMC10852447 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519848230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMA-93 examines binding by images, an advantage for the less educated individuals. AIM To compare the discriminative validity of TMA-93 against the picture version of Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) to distinguish patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NCs) without excluding less educated individuals. METHODS DESIGN Phase I diagnostic evaluation study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 30 patients with aMCI and 30 NCs matched for sociodemographics variables. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The diagnostic accuracy for each test was calculated by conducting receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Hanley and McNeil method was used to compare diagnostic accuracy of different tests on the same sample. RESULTS Up to 41.7% of the sample had less than a first grade of education. Both tests showed excellent diagnostic accuracy. The comparisons did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS TMA-93 is so accurate as FCSRT to differentiate aMCI from controls including less educated individuals. The test could be considered as a choice in this sociodemographic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Carnero-Pardo
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- FIDYAN Neurocenter, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlota Méndez-Barrio
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Eugenia Graciani-Cantisán
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Didier Maillet
- UF Mémoire et Maladies Neurodégénératives, Service de Neurologie, Hopital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
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13
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Sánchez-Benavides G, Grau-Rivera O, Cacciaglia R, Suárez-Calvet M, Falcon C, Minguillon C, Gramunt N, Sala-Vila A, Gispert JD, Molinuevo JL. Distinct Cognitive and Brain Morphological Features in Healthy Subjects Unaware of Informant-Reported Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:181-191. [PMID: 30010134 PMCID: PMC6087444 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtle cognitive decline preceding cognitive impairment can be self-perceived, referred to as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), or go unrecognized. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical, cognitive, and structural neuroimaging characteristics of psychometrically normal subjects without self-awareness of cognitive decline (unaware decliners, UD) and to compare them with SCD participants and controls. METHODS 2,640 participants from the ALFA cohort, 1,899 controls, 173 UD (decline reported by the informant only), and 568 SCD underwent clinical and cognitive explorations. A subset of 530 underwent structural MRI (379 Controls; 43 UD; 108 SCD). Linear models adjusting for confounders (age, sex, education, and mood state) were used to assess group differences on cognition and voxel-wise grey matter (GM) volumes. RESULTS 6.6% were UD while 21.5% SCD. No differences in anxiety and depression were observed between controls and UD, while SCD did (p < 0.01). UD showed lower performance in the Memory Binding Test free recall (p < 0.005) than controls, but no differences compared to SCD. Right medial frontal and insular increments of GM volumes were observed in UD with respect to controls. Informant report of decline in UD and SCD was associated with lower left hippocampal GM volume but related to memory performance only in UD (rho = 0.46, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS UD had worse memory performance than controls which correlated with hippocampal GM volume and presented brain volume increments in self-appraisal areas (medial frontal and insula). Individuals unaware of cognitive decline may represent a distinct group at risk for cognitive impairment and support the usefulness of informant-reported cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina Gramunt
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Mormino EC, Papp KV. Amyloid Accumulation and Cognitive Decline in Clinically Normal Older Individuals: Implications for Aging and Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S633-S646. [PMID: 29782318 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of the amyloid protein is a critical and early event in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) cascade. Given the early involvement of this pathological process, it is not surprising that many clinically normal (CN) older individuals demonstrate evidence of abnormal Aβ at postmortem examination and in vivo using either CSF or PET imaging. Converging evidence across multiple research groups suggests that the presence of abnormal Aβ among CN individuals is associated with elevated risk of future clinical impairment and cognitive decline. Amyloid positivity in conjunction with biomarkers of neuronal injury offers further insight into which CN are most at risk for short-term decline. Although in its infancy, tau PET has demonstrated early increases among Aβ+ that will likely be an important indicator of risk among CN. Overall, the detection of early Aβ among CN individuals has provided an important opportunity to understand the contributions of this pathology to age-related cognitive decline and to explore early intervention with disease modifying strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Mowrey WB, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Ramratan WS, Loewenstein DA, Zimmerman ME, Buschke H. Memory Binding Test Predicts Incident Dementia: Results from the Einstein Aging Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:293-304. [PMID: 29439336 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Memory Binding Test (MBT) demonstrated good cross-sectional discriminative validity and predicted incident aMCI. OBJECTIVE To assess whether the MBT predicts incident dementia better than a conventional list learning test in a longitudinal community-based study. METHODS As a sub-study in the Einstein Aging Study, 309 participants age≥70 initially free of dementia were administered the MBT and followed annually for incident dementia for up to 13 years. Based on previous work, poor memory binding was defined using an optimal empirical cut-score of≤17 on the binding measure of the MBT, Total Items in the Paired condition (TIP). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess predictive validity adjusting for covariates. We compared the predictive validity of MBT TIP to that of the free and cued selective reminding test free recall score (FCSRT-FR; cut-score:≤24) and the single list recall measure of the MBT, Cued Recalled from List 1 (CR-L1; cut-score:≤12). RESULTS Thirty-five of 309 participants developed incident dementia. When assessing each test alone, the hazard ratio (HR) for dementia was significant for MBT TIP (HR = 8.58, 95% CI: (3.58, 20.58), p < 0.0001), FCSRT-FR (HR = 4.19, 95% CI: (1.94, 9.04), p = 0.0003) and MBT CR-L1 (HR = 2.91, 95% CI: (1.37, 6.18), p = 0.006). MBT TIP remained a significant predictor of dementia (p = 0.0002) when adjusting for FCSRT-FR or CR-L1. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with poor memory binding as measured by the MBT TIP were at increased risk for incident dementia. This measure outperforms conventional episodic memory measures of free and cued recall, supporting the memory binding hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu B Mowrey
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wendy S Ramratan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Molly E Zimmerman
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Herman Buschke
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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16
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Sánchez-Benavides G, Grau-Rivera O, Suárez-Calvet M, Minguillon C, Cacciaglia R, Gramunt N, Falcon C, Gispert JD, Molinuevo JL. Brain and cognitive correlates of subjective cognitive decline-plus features in a population-based cohort. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:123. [PMID: 30572953 PMCID: PMC6302483 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) consists of self-perceived decline in cognition over time. The occurrence of specific additional features in SCD (so-called SCDplus) confers a higher risk of future cognitive decline. However, it is not known whether SCDplus patients have a distinct cognitive and neuroimaging profile. Therefore, we aimed to study the associations between SCDplus features and cognitive and neuroimaging profiles in a population-based cohort. Methods A total of 2670 individuals from the ALFA cohort underwent clinical, cognitive, and MRI (n = 532) explorations. Subjects were classified as self-reporting cognitive decline (SCD) or not self-reporting cognitive decline (non-SCD). Within the SCD group, participants were also classified according to the number of SCDplus features they met (SCD+, > 3; SCD–, ≤ 3). Results The prevalence of SCD in the cohort was 21.4% (55.8% SCD–, 44.2% SCD+). SCD+ subjects performed worse than non-SCD and SCD– subjects in memory and executive function. Among the SCDplus features, confirmation of decline by an informant was the best predictor of worse cognitive performance and lower gray matter volumes. Conclusions Our findings show that individuals with SCDplus features have a distinct cognitive and brain volumetric profile similar to that found in Alzheimer’s disease and therefore support the use of the SCDplus concept as an enrichment criterion in population-based cohorts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0449-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Gramunt
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/ Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Torrealba E, Garcia-Morales P, Cejudo JC, Diaz M, Rodriguez-Esparragon F, Fabre O, Mesa-Herrera F, Marin R, Sanchez-Garcia F, Rodriguez-Perez A, Gramunt N. In-Out-Test: A New Paradigm for Sorting the Wheat from the Chaff in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 67:265-277. [PMID: 30530971 PMCID: PMC7836051 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of hippocampal amnesia is helpful to distinguish between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but not for identifying converters to dementia. Here biomarkers are useful but novel neuropsychological approaches are needed in their absence. The In-out-test assesses episodic memory using a new paradigm hypothesized to avoid reliance on executive function, which may compensate for damaged memory networks. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of the In-out-test in identifying prodromal Alzheimer's disease (PAD) in a clinical setting, by comparing this to the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 32 cognitively healthy, 32 MCI, and 30 progressive dementia subjects. All participants were given both the In-out-test and the FCSRT; 40 of them also received a lumbar puncture. RESULTS Internal consistency was demonstrated using Cronbach Alpha (r = 0.81) and Inter-rater reliability with Kappa (k = 0.94). Intraclass correlation (ICC) for test-retest reliability: r = 0.57 (p = 0.57). ICC between the In-out-test and FCSRT r = 0.87 (p = 0.001). ICC between the In-out-test and Aβ42 and P-tau/Aβ42 for controls: 0.73 and 0.75, respectively; P-tau for MCI: 0.77 and total sample: 0.70; Aβ42 for dementia: 0.71. All ICC measures between FCSRT and biomarkers were ≤0.264. AD diagnosis: In-out-test k = 0.71; FCSRT k = 0.49. PAD diagnosis (N = 35): In-out-test k = 0.69; FCSRT k = 0.44. CONCLUSIONS The In-out-test detected prodromal AD with a higher degree of accuracy than a conventional hippocampal-based memory test. These results suggest that this new paradigm could be of value in clinical settings, predicting which patients with MCI will go on to develop AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Torrealba
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cejudo
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Unit, Hospital Sagrat Cor. Hermanas Hospitalarias, Martorell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Diaz
- Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Fabre
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Fatima Mesa-Herrera
- Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Raquel Marin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Section Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Florentino Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aurelio Rodriguez-Perez
- Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nina Gramunt
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Teipel SJ, Cavedo E, Lista S, Habert MO, Potier MC, Grothe MJ, Epelbaum S, Sambati L, Gagliardi G, Toschi N, Greicius MD, Dubois B, Hampel H. Effect of Alzheimer's disease risk and protective factors on cognitive trajectories in subjective memory complainers: An INSIGHT-preAD study. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1126-1136. [PMID: 29792873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive change in people at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as subjective memory complainers is highly variable across individuals. METHODS We used latent class growth modeling to identify distinct classes of nonlinear trajectories of cognitive change over 2 years follow-up from 265 subjective memory complainers individuals (age 70 years and older) of the INSIGHT-preAD cohort. We determined the effect of cortical amyloid load, hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes, and education on the cognitive trajectory classes. RESULTS Latent class growth modeling identified distinct nonlinear cognitive trajectories. Education was associated with higher performing trajectories, whereas global amyloid load and basal forebrain atrophy were associated with lower performing trajectories. DISCUSSION Distinct classes of cognitive trajectories were associated with risk and protective factors of AD. These associations support the notion that the identified cognitive trajectories reflect different risk for AD that may be useful for selecting high-risk individuals for intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épiniére (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épiniére (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephane Epelbaum
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Luisa Sambati
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Gagliardi
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épiniére (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
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19
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Loewenstein DA, Curiel RE, Duara R, Buschke H. Novel Cognitive Paradigms for the Detection of Memory Impairment in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Assessment 2017; 25:348-359. [PMID: 29214859 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117691608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In spite of advances in neuroimaging and other brain biomarkers to assess preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive assessment has relied on traditional memory paradigms developed well over six decades ago. This has led to a growing concern about their effectiveness in the early diagnosis of AD which is essential to develop preventive and early targeted interventions before the occurrence of multisystem brain degeneration. We describe the development of novel tests that are more cognitively challenging, minimize variability in learning strategies, enhance initial acquisition and retrieval using cues, and exploit vulnerabilities in persons with incipient AD such as the susceptibility to proactive semantic interference, and failure to recover from proactive semantic interference. The advantages of various novel memory assessment paradigms are examined as well as how they compare with traditional neuropsychological assessments of memory. Finally, future directions for the development of more effective assessment paradigms are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- 2 Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,3 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,4 Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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20
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Buschke H, Mowrey WB, Ramratan WS, Zimmerman ME, Loewenstein DA, Katz MJ, Lipton RB. Memory Binding Test Distinguishes Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia from Cognitively Normal Elderly. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 32:29-39. [PMID: 27680087 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess reliability and cross-sectional discriminative validity of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) to distinguish persons with amnestic cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia from cognitively normal elderly controls. METHOD The MBT was administered to 20 participants with dementia, 31 with aMCI and 246 controls, who received the first administration of the MBT from May 2003 to December 2007, as a substudy of the community-based Einstein Aging Study (age range: 70+). The optimal index resulted from comparing the partial area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC AUC) of four major MBT indices for specificities ≥0.70. Optimal cut-score of the optimal index was selected by maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity. Age and education effects were assessed using stratified cut-scores and adjusted logistic regression. Reliability was computed as intraclass correlation between scores at baseline and 1-year follow-up for participants who remained cognitively normal. RESULTS Total number of Items recalled in the Paired condition (TIP) was elected the optimal index. TIP cut-score was ≤22 for differentiating aMCI alone (sensitivity = 0.74, specificity = 0.73) and aMCI and dementia combined (sensitivity = 0.84, specificity = 0.73) from controls. It was ≤17 for differentiating dementia from aMCI and controls (sensitivity = 0.95, specificity = 0.87). Age and education adjustments did not materially improve discriminative validity. The reliability of TIP was 0.77. CONCLUSIONS MBT achieved moderate to good reliability. TIP had superior cross-sectional discriminative validity than the other MBT indices. We recommend using the empirical cut-score of TIP ≤22 for discriminating aMCI and dementia and ≤17 for discriminating dementia alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Buschke
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wenzhu B Mowrey
- The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wendy S Ramratan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Molly E Zimmerman
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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21
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Roman F, Iturry M, Rojas G, Barceló E, Buschke H, Allegri RF. Validation of the Argentine version of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) for Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Neuropsychol 2016; 10:217-226. [PMID: 29213458 PMCID: PMC5642418 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1003008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: "Forgetfulness" is frequent in normal aging and characteristic of the early
stages of dementia syndromes. The episodic memory test is central for detecting
amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Memory Binding Test (MBT) is a
simple, easy and brief memory test to detect the early stage of episodic memory
impairment. Objective: To validate the Argentine version of the MBT in a Latin American population and
to estimate the diagnostic accuracy as a tool for early detection of MCI. Methods: 88 subjects (46 healthy controls and 42 patients with amnestic MCI) matched for
age and educational level were evaluated by an extensive neuropsychological
battery and the memory binding test. Results: A significantly better performance was detected in the control group; all MBT
scales were predictive of MCI diagnosis (p<.01). The MBT showed high
sensitivity (69%) and high specificity (88%), with a PPV of 93% and a NPV of 55%
for associative paired recall. A statistically significant difference
(c2=14,164, p<.001) was obtained when comparing the area under
the curve (AUC) of the MBT (0.88) and the MMSE (0.70). Conclusion: The Argentine version of the MBT correlated significantly with the MMSE and the
memory battery and is a useful tool in the detection of MCI. The operating
characteristics of the MBT are well suited, surpassing other tests commonly used
for detecting MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Roman
- Center for Aging and Memory Research, Hospital General Abel Zubizarreta (GCABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,University Corporation of the Coast (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Mónica Iturry
- Center for Aging and Memory Research, Hospital General Abel Zubizarreta (GCABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Galeno Rojas
- Center for Aging and Memory Research, Hospital General Abel Zubizarreta (GCABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Barceló
- University Corporation of the Coast (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Herman Buschke
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, USA
| | - Ricardo F Allegri
- University Corporation of the Coast (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia.,Memory and Aging Center, Institute for Neurological Research "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Modeling practice effects in healthy middle-aged participants of the Alzheimer and Families parent cohort. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 4:149-158. [PMID: 27752537 PMCID: PMC5061467 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Repetitive administration of neuropsychological tests can lead to performance improvement merely due to previous exposure. The magnitude of such practice effects (PEs) may be used as a marker of subtle cognitive impairment because they are diminished in healthy individuals subsequently developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods To explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors, AD family history (FH), and APOE ε4 status, and the magnitude of PE, four subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV were administered twice to 400 middle-aged healthy individuals, most of them first-degree descendants of AD patients. Results PEs were observed in all measures. Sociodemographic variables did not show a uniform effect on PE. Baseline score was the strongest predictor of change, being inversely related to PE magnitude. Significant effects of the interaction term APOE ε4∗Age in processing speed and working memory were observed. Discussion PEs exert a relevant effect in cognitive outcomes at retest and, accordingly, they must be taken into consideration in clinical trials. The magnitude of PE in processing speed and working memory could be of special interest for the development of cognitive markers of preclinical AD.
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23
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Mowrey WB, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Ramratan WS, Loewenstein DA, Zimmerman ME, Buschke H. Memory Binding Test Predicts Incident Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:1585-1595. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu B. Mowrey
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wendy S. Ramratan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David A. Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Molly E. Zimmerman
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Herman Buschke
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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24
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Gramunt N, Sánchez-Benavides G, Buschke H, Diéguez-Vide F, Peña-Casanova J, Masramon X, Fauria K, Gispert JD, Molinuevo JL. The Memory Binding Test: Development of Two Alternate Forms into Spanish and Catalan. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:283-93. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-151175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gramunt
- Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herman Buschke
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Jordi Peña-Casanova
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Service of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Parc Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Karine Fauria
- Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D. Gispert
- Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Molinuevo
- Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Molinuevo JL, Gramunt N, Gispert JD, Fauria K, Esteller M, Minguillon C, Sánchez-Benavides G, Huesa G, Morán S, Dal-Ré R, Camí J. The ALFA project: A research platform to identify early pathophysiological features of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2016; 2:82-92. [PMID: 29067295 PMCID: PMC5644283 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is optimal for identifying early pathophysiological events and developing prevention programs, which are shared aims of the ALFA project, including the ALFA registry and parent cohort and the nested ALFA+ cohort study. Methods The ALFA parent cohort baseline visit included full cognitive evaluation, lifestyle habits questionnaires, DNA extraction, and MRI. The nested ALFA+ study adds wet and imaging biomarkers for deeper phenotyping. Results A total of 2743 participants aged 45 to 74 years were included in the ALFA parent cohort. We show that this cohort, mostly composed of cognitively normal offspring of AD patients, is enriched for AD genetic risk factors. Discussion The ALFA project represents a valuable infrastructure that will leverage with different studies and trials to prevent AD. The longitudinal ALFA+ cohort will serve to untangle the natural history of the disease and to model the preclinical stages to develop successful trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. Tel.: (+34) 93 316 0990; Fax: (+34) 93 316 0996 .
| | - Nina Gramunt
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Gema Huesa
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Morán
- Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Dal-Ré
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camí
- Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. Tel.: (+34) 93 316 0990; Fax: (+34) 93 316 0996 .
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