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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Giraldo-Berrio D, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Sildenafil Reverses the Neuropathological Alzheimer's Disease Phenotype in Cholinergic-Like Neurons Carrying the Presenilin 1 E280A Mutation. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:639-656. [PMID: 38728184 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) presenilin 1 E280A (PSEN 1 E280A) is characterized by functional impairment and the death of cholinergic neurons as a consequence of amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein. Currently, there are no available therapies that can cure FAD. Therefore, new therapies are urgently needed for treating this disease. Objective To assess the effect of sildenafil (SIL) on cholinergic-like neurons (ChLNs) harboring the PSEN 1 E280A mutation. Methods Wild-type (WT) and PSEN 1 E280A ChLNs were cultured in the presence of SIL (25μM) for 24 h. Afterward, proteinopathy, cell signaling, and apoptosis markers were evaluated via flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results We found that SIL was innocuous toward WT PSEN 1 ChLNs but reduced the accumulation of intracellular Aβ fragments by 87%, decreased the non-physiological phosphorylation of the protein tau at residue Ser202/Thr205 by 35%, reduced the phosphorylation of the proapoptotic transcription factor c-JUN at residue Ser63/Ser73 by 63%, decreased oxidized DJ-1 at Cys106-SO3 by 32%, and downregulated transcription factor TP53 (tumor protein p53), BH-3-only protein PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) expression by 20%, 32%, and 22%, respectively, compared with untreated mutant ChLNs. Interestingly, SIL also ameliorated the dysregulation of acetylcholine-induced calcium ion (Ca2+) influx in PSEN 1 E280A ChLNs. Conclusions Although SIL showed no antioxidant capacity in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assays, it might function as an anti-amyloid and antiapoptotic agent and functional neuronal enhancer in PSEN 1 E280A ChLNs. Therefore, the SIL has therapeutic potential for treating FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giraldo-Berrio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
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Gohel D, Zhang P, Gupta AK, Li Y, Chiang CW, Li L, Hou Y, Pieper AA, Cummings J, Cheng F. Sildenafil as a Candidate Drug for Alzheimer's Disease: Real-World Patient Data Observation and Mechanistic Observations from Patient-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:643-657. [PMID: 38427489 PMCID: PMC10977448 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease needing effective therapeutics urgently. Sildenafil, one of the approved phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, has been implicated as having potential effect in AD. Objective To investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of sildenafil on AD. Methods We performed real-world patient data analysis using the MarketScan® Medicare Supplemental and the Clinformatics® databases. We conducted propensity score-stratified analyses after adjusting confounding factors (i.e., sex, age, race, and comorbidities). We used both familial and sporadic AD patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived neurons to evaluate the sildenafil's mechanism-of-action. Results We showed that sildenafil usage is associated with reduced likelihood of AD across four new drug compactor cohorts, including bumetanide, furosemide, spironolactone, and nifedipine. For instance, sildenafil usage is associated with a 54% reduced incidence of AD in MarketScan® (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32- 0.66) and a 30% reduced prevalence of AD in Clinformatics® (HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.49- 1.00) compared to spironolactone. We found that sildenafil treatment reduced tau hyperphosphorylation (pTau181 and pTau205) in a dose-dependent manner in both familial and sporadic AD patient iPSC-derived neurons. RNA-sequencing data analysis of sildenafil-treated AD patient iPSC-derived neurons reveals that sildenafil specifically target AD related genes and pathobiological pathways, mechanistically supporting the beneficial effect of sildenafil in AD. Conclusions These real-world patient data validation and mechanistic observations from patient iPSC-derived neurons further suggested that sildenafil is a potential repurposable drug for AD. Yet, randomized clinical trials are warranted to validate the causal treatment effects of sildenafil in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Gohel
- Genomic Medicine Institute,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Gupta
- Genomic Medicine Institute,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- Genomic Medicine Institute,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Genome Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Henry DS, Pellegrino RG. A case-control study of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor use and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among male and female patients aged 65 years and older supporting the need for a phase III clinical trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292863. [PMID: 37851623 PMCID: PMC10584171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have been evaluated as a novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), but two recent cohort studies have offered opposing conclusions. METHODS We performed an unmatched case-control study using electronic medical records from a large healthcare system to evaluate the association of PDE5i use and ADRD in patients ≥65 years old. RESULTS Odds of PDE5i exposure were 64.2%, 55.7%, and 54.0% lower in patients with ADRD than controls among populations with erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and pulmonary hypertension, respectively. We observed odds ratios less than unity among males and females and with exposure to the PDE5i sildenafil (Viagra®) and tadalafil (Cialis®). We also evaluated the odds of exposure to two other common treatments for pulmonary hypertension: endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) and calcium channel blockers (CCB). The odds of ERA exposure were 63.2% lower, but the odds of CCB exposure were 30.7% higher, in patients with ADRD than controls among the population with pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our results reconcile the opposing conclusions from the previous observational studies and support further research into using PDE5i for prevention and treatment of ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Henry
- Baptist Health Center for Clinical Research, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Pellegrino
- Baptist Health Center for Clinical Research, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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Pauls MMH, Fish J, Binnie LR, Benjamin P, Betteridge S, Clarke B, Dhillon MPK, Ghatala R, Hainsworth FAH, Howe FA, Khan U, Kruuse C, Madigan JB, Moynihan B, Patel B, Pereira AC, Rostrup E, Shtaya ABY, Spilling CA, Trippier S, Williams R, Young R, Barrick TR, Isaacs JD, Hainsworth AH. Testing the cognitive effects of tadalafil. Neuropsychological secondary outcomes from the PASTIS trial. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 5:100187. [PMID: 37811523 PMCID: PMC10550803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of cognitive impairment in older people. As secondary endpoints in a phase-2 randomised clinical trial, we tested the effects of single administration of a widely-used PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on cognitive performance in older people with SVD. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, participants received tadalafil (20 mg) and placebo on two visits ≥ 7 days apart (randomised to order of treatment). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) was administered at baseline, alongside a measure to estimate optimal intellectual ability (Test of Premorbid Function). Then, before and after treatment, a battery of neuropsychological tests was administered, assessing aspects of attention, information processing speed, working memory and executive function. Sixty-five participants were recruited and 55 completed the protocol (N = 55, age: 66.8 (8.6) years, range 52-87; 15/40 female/male). Median MOCA score was 26 (IQR: 23, 27], range 15-30). No significant treatment effects were seen in any of the neuropsychological tests. There was a trend towards improved performance on Digit Span Forward (treatment effect 0.37, C.I. 0.01, 0.72; P = 0.0521). We did not identify significant treatment effects of single-administration tadalafil on neuropsychological performance in older people with SVD. The trend observed on Digit Span Forward may help to inform future studies. Clinical trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00123456, https://eudract.ema.europa.eu. Unique identifier: 2015-001,235-20NCT00123456.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde MH Pauls
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jessica Fish
- Neuropsychology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Lauren R Binnie
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Philip Benjamin
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
- Neuroradiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shai Betteridge
- Neuropsychology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brian Clarke
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Rita Ghatala
- South London Stroke Research Network, London, UK
| | | | - Franklyn A Howe
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Usman Khan
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology and Neurovascular Research Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jeremy B Madigan
- Neuroradiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barry Moynihan
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bhavini Patel
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Pereira
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Mental Health Centre, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anan BY Shtaya
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Catherine A Spilling
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | | | | | - Robin Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas R Barrick
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Jeremy D Isaacs
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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6
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Hainsworth AH, Arancio O, Elahi FM, Isaacs JD, Cheng F. PDE5 inhibitor drugs for use in dementia. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12412. [PMID: 37766832 PMCID: PMC10520293 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a major health-care challenge with few licensed medications. Repurposing existing drugs may afford prevention and treatment. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is widely expressed in vascular myocytes, neurons, and glia. Potent, selective, Food and Drug Administration-approved PDE5 inhibitors are already in clinical use (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil) as vasodilators in erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Animal data indicate cognitive benefits of PDE5 inhibitors. In humans, real-world patient data suggest that sildenafil and vardenafil are associated with reduced dementia risk. While a recent clinical trial of acute tadalafil on cerebral blood flow was neutral, there may be chronic actions of PDE5 inhibition on cerebrovascular or synaptic function. We provide a perspective on the potential utility of PDE5 inhibitors for ADRD. We conclude that further prospective clinical trials with PDE5 inhibitors are warranted. The choice of drug will depend on brain penetration, tolerability in older people, half-life, and off-target effects. HIGHLIGHTS Potent phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are in clinical use as vasodilators.In animals PDE5 inhibitors enhance synaptic function and cognitive ability.In humans the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease.Licensed PDE5 inhibitors have potential for repurposing in dementia.Prospective clinical trials of PDE5 inhibitors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atticus H. Hainsworth
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologySt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Fanny M. Elahi
- Departments of Neurology and NeuroscienceRonald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's DiseaseFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeremy D. Isaacs
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologySt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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Samidurai A, Xi L, Das A, Kukreja RC. Beyond Erectile Dysfunction: cGMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for Other Clinical Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:585-615. [PMID: 36206989 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-040122-034745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important intracellular second messenger, mediates cellular functional responses in all vital organs. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the 11 members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family that specifically targets cGMP generated by nitric oxide-driven activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil and tadalafil, are widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and certain urological disorders. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, cancer and anticancer-drug-associated cardiotoxicity, diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and other aging-related conditions. Many clinical trials with PDE5 inhibitors have focused on the potential cardiovascular, anticancer, and neurological benefits. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on PDE5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic indications for various clinical disorders beyond erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Samidurai
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
| | - Lei Xi
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
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Chen X, Malaeb SN, Pan J, Wang L, Scafidi J. Editorial: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: Mechanisms, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic strategies. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1086692. [PMID: 36582212 PMCID: PMC9793000 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1086692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Chen
- Women and Infants Hospital of RI, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Pan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laishuan Wang
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Pauls MMH, Binnie LR, Benjamin P, Betteridge S, Clarke B, Dhillon MPK, Ghatala R, Hainsworth FAH, Howe FA, Khan U, Kruuse C, Madigan JB, Moynihan B, Patel B, Pereira AC, Rostrup E, Shtaya ABY, Spilling CA, Trippier S, Williams R, Young R, Barrick TR, Isaacs JD, Hainsworth AH. The PASTIS trial: Testing tadalafil for possible use in vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2393-2402. [PMID: 35135037 PMCID: PMC10078742 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few randomized clinical trials in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This trial tested the hypothesis that the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil, a widely used vasodilator, increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older people with symptomatic small vessel disease, the main cause of VCI. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, participants received tadalafil (20 mg) and placebo on two visits ≥7 days apart (randomized to order of treatment). The primary endpoint, change in subcortical CBF, was measured by arterial spin labelling. RESULTS Tadalafil increased CBF non-significantly in all subcortical areas (N = 55, age: 66.8 (8.6) years) with greatest treatment effect within white matter hyperintensities (+9.8%, P = .0960). There were incidental treatment effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-7.8, -4.9 mmHg; P < .001). No serious adverse events were observed. DISCUSSION This trial did not identify a significant treatment effect of single-administration tadalafil on subcortical CBF. To detect treatment effects may require different dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M H Pauls
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lauren R Binnie
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Philip Benjamin
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Neuroradiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shai Betteridge
- Department of Neuropsychology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brian Clarke
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mohani-Preet K Dhillon
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Rita Ghatala
- South London Stroke Research Network, London, UK
| | - Fearghal A H Hainsworth
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Franklyn A Howe
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Usman Khan
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology and Neurovascular Research Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeremy B Madigan
- Department of Neuroradiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barry Moynihan
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bhavini Patel
- Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Pereira
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Mental Health Centre, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anan B Y Shtaya
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine A Spilling
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Robin Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas R Barrick
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy D Isaacs
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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10
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Tropea MR, Gulisano W, Vacanti V, Arancio O, Puzzo D, Palmeri A. Nitric oxide/cGMP/CREB pathway and amyloid-beta crosstalk: From physiology to Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:657-668. [PMID: 36400326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway has been extensively studied for its pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and memory processes, resulting in an increase of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) phosphorylation, and consequent synthesis of plasticity-related proteins. The NO/cGMP/CREB signaling is downregulated during aging and neurodegenerative disorders and is affected by Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein, whose increase and deposition is considered the key pathogenic event of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, in physiological conditions, the crosstalk between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ ensures long-term potentiation and memory formation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interaction between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ in the healthy and diseased brain, offering a new perspective to shed light on AD pathophysiology. We will focus on the synaptic mechanisms underlying Aβ physiological interplay with cGMP pathway and how this balance is corrupted in AD, as high levels of Aβ interfere with NO production and cGMP molecular signaling leading to cognitive impairment. Finally, we will discuss results from preclinical and clinical studies proposing the increase of cGMP signaling as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Valeria Vacanti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina (EN), 94018, Italy.
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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11
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Saikia Q, Hazarika A, Mishra R. A Review on the Pharmacological Importance of PDE5 and Its Inhibition to Manage Biomedical Conditions. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221129008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is a cyclic GMP (cGMP) specific protein. It hydrolyzes the phosphodiesterase linkage and catalyzes the conversion of cGMP to 5’ GMP, which controls different physiological activities of the body. PDE5 is associated with biomedical conditions like neurological disorders, pulmonary arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathy, cancer, erectile dysfunction, and lower urinary tract syndrome. Inhibition of PDE5 has now been proven pharmaceutically effective in a variety of therapeutic conditions. Avanafil, tadalafil, sildenafil, and vardenafil are the most commonly used PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) today which are often used for the management of erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract syndromes, malignancy, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, these synthetic PDE5i come with a slew of negative effects. Some of the most common side effects include mild headaches, flushing, dyspepsia, altered color vision, back discomfort, priapism, melanoma, hypotension and dizziness, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), and hearing loss. In light of the potential negative effects of this class of medications, there is a lot of room for new, selective PDE5 inhibitors to be discovered. We have found 25 plant botanical compounds effectively inhibiting PDE5 which might be useful in treating a variety of disorders with minimal or no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queen Saikia
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajit Hazarika
- Tyagbir Hem Baruah College, Jamugurihat, Sonitpur, Assam, India
| | - Ritu Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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12
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Wang X, Li J, Liu L, Kan JM, Niu P, Yu ZQ, Ma C, Dong F, Han MX, Li J, Zhao DX. Pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of Icariside II in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and network pharmacological analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:253. [PMID: 36180911 PMCID: PMC9526298 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Epimedii has long been used as a traditional medicine in Asia for the treatment of various common diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, erectile dysfunction, and stroke. Studies have reported the ameliorative effects of Icariside II (ICS II), a major metabolite of Epimedii, on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in animal models. Based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of ICS II on AIS. Methods First, we have searched 6 databases using studies with ICS II treatment on AIS animal models to explore the efficacy of ICS II on AIS in preclinical studies. The literature retrieval time ended on March 8, 2022 (Systematic Review Registration ID: CRD42022306291). There were no restrictions on the language of the search strategy. Systematic review follows the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) methodology and framework. SYCLE's RoB tool was used to evaluate the the risk of bias. In network pharmacology, AIS-related genes were identified and the target-pathway network was constructed. Then, these targets were used in the enrichments of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology (GO). Molecular docking and MD simulation were finally employed between ICS II and the potential target genes. Results Twelve publications were included describing outcomes of 1993 animals. The literature details, animal strains, induction models, doses administered, duration of administration, and outcome measures were extracted from the 12 included studies. ICS II has a good protective effect against AIS. Most of the studies in this systematic review had the appropriate methodological quality, but some did not clearly state the controlling for bias of potential study. Network pharmacology identified 246 targets with SRC, CTNNB1, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and RELA as the core target proteins. Besides, 215 potential pathways of ICS II were identified, such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis showed that ICS II was significantly enriched in subsequent regulation such as MAPK cascade. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed that ICS II can closely bind with important targets. Conclusions ICS II is a promising drug in the treatment of AIS. However, this systematic review reveals key knowledge gaps (i.e., the protective role of ICS II in women) that ICS II must address before it can be used for the treatment of human AIS. Our study shows that ICS II plays a protective role in AIS through multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, providing ideas for the development of drugs for the treatment of AIS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03732-9.
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13
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Xiong Y, Wintermark P. The Role of Sildenafil in Treating Brain Injuries in Adults and Neonates. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:879649. [PMID: 35620219 PMCID: PMC9127063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.879649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a recognized treatment for patients suffering from erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. However, new evidence suggests that it may have a neuroprotective and a neurorestorative role in the central nervous system of both adults and neonates. Phosphodiesterase type 5-the target of sildenafil-is distributed in many cells throughout the body, including neurons and glial cells. This study is a comprehensive review of the demonstrated effects of sildenafil on the brain with respect to its function, extent of injury, neurons, neuroinflammation, myelination, and cerebral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Imani MH, Hassanpour S, Asghari A, Khaksar E. Parental exposure of Tadalafil has beneficial effect on Reflexive Motor Behaviors in Mice Offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:397-406. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Imani
- Graduate student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ehssan Khaksar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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15
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Yu YH, Kim SW, Kang J, Song Y, Im H, Kim SJ, Yoo DY, Lee MR, Park DK, Oh JS, Kim DS. Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Attenuates Anxious Phenotypes and Movement Disorder Induced by Mild Ischemic Stroke in Rats. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2022; 65:665-679. [PMID: 35430790 PMCID: PMC9452378 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with mild ischemic stroke experience various sequela and residual symptoms, such as anxious behavior and deficits in movement. Few approaches have been proved to be effective and safe therapeutic approaches for patients with mild ischemic stroke by acute stroke. Sildenafil (SIL), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i), is a known remedy for neurodegenerative disorders and vascular dementia through its angiogenesis and neurogenesis effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of PDE5i in the emotional and behavioral abnormalities in rats with mild ischemic stroke.
Methods We divided the rats into four groups as follows (n=20, respectively) : group 1, naïve; group 2, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo30); group 3, MCAo30+SIL-pre; and group 4, MCAo30+SIL-post. In the case of drug administration groups, single dose of PDE5i (sildenafil citrate, 20 mg/kg) was given at 30-minute before and after reperfusion of MCAo in rats. After surgery, we investigated and confirmed the therapeutic effect of sildenafil on histology, immunofluorescence, behavioral assays and neural oscillations.
Results Sildenafil alleviated a neuronal loss and reduced the infarction volume. And results of behavior task and immunofluorescence shown possibility that anti-inflammation process and improve motor deficits sildenafil treatment after mild ischemic stroke. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment attenuated the alteration of theta-frequency rhythm in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, a known neural oscillatory marker for anxiety disorder in rodents, induced by mild ischemic stroke.
Conclusion PDE5i as effective therapeutic agents for anxiety and movement disorders and provide robust preclinical evidence to support the development and use of PDE5i for the treatment of mild ischemic stroke residual disorders.
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16
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Mollazadeh H, Bibak B, Mohtashami E, Afshari AR. How do phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors affect cancer? A focus on glioblastoma multiforme. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:323-339. [PMID: 35050491 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) enzyme overexpression in the central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, investigations have explored the potential capacity of current PDE5 inhibitor drugs for repositioning in the treatment of brain tumors, notably glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It has now been recognized that these drugs increase brain tumors permeability and enhance standard chemotherapeutics effectiveness. More importantly, studies have highlighted the promising antitumor functions of PDE5 inhibitors, e.g., triggering apoptosis, suppressing tumor cell growth and invasion, and reversing tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppression in the brain. However, contradictory reports have suggested a pro-oncogenic role for neuronal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), indicating the beneficial function of PDE5 in the brain of GBM patients. Unfortunately, due to the inconsistent preclinical findings, only a few clinical trials are evaluating the therapeutic value of PDE5 inhibitors in GBM treatment. Accordingly, additional studies should be conducted to shed light on the precise effect of PDE5 inhibitors in GBM biology regarding the existing molecular heterogeneities among individuals. Here, we highlighted and discussed the previously investigated mechanisms underlying the impacts of PDE5 inhibitors in cancers, focusing on GBM to provide an overview of current knowledge necessary for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Bailey JJ, Wuest M, Bojovic T, Kronemann T, Wängler C, Wängler B, Wuest F, Schirrmacher R. On the Viability of Tadalafil-Based 18F-Radiotracers for In Vivo Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) PET Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21741-21754. [PMID: 34471776 PMCID: PMC8388084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a clinically relevant biomarker and therapeutic target for many human pathologies, yet a noninvasive agent for the assessment of PDE5 expression has yet to be realized. Such agents would improve our understanding of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)/PDE5 pathway in human pathologies and potentially lead to novel uses of PDE5 inhibitors to manage lung conditions like SARS-CoV-2-mediated pulmonary inflammatory responses. In this study, efforts were made to produce an 18F-labeled analogue of the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil to visualize PDE5 expression in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). However, during the late-stage fluorination step, quantitative epimerization of the tadalafil C12a stereocenter occurred, yielding a less active epi-isomer. In vivo dynamic microPET images in mice revealed that the epimerized radiotracer, [18F]epi-18, rapidly accumulated in the liver with negligible uptake in tissues of known PDE5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Bailey
- Department
of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department
of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Tamara Bojovic
- Department
of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Travis Kronemann
- Department
of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department
of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim
of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department
of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim
of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department
of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department
of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Schröder S, Scheunemann M, Wenzel B, Brust P. Challenges on Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography: Novel Radioligands and (Pre-)Clinical Insights since 2016. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083832. [PMID: 33917199 PMCID: PMC8068090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) represent one of the key targets in the research field of intracellular signaling related to the second messenger molecules cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Hence, non-invasive imaging of this enzyme class by positron emission tomography (PET) using appropriate isoform-selective PDE radioligands is gaining importance. This methodology enables the in vivo diagnosis and staging of numerous diseases associated with altered PDE density or activity in the periphery and the central nervous system as well as the translational evaluation of novel PDE inhibitors as therapeutics. In this follow-up review, we summarize the efforts in the development of novel PDE radioligands and highlight (pre-)clinical insights from PET studies using already known PDE radioligands since 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4631
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
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dos Santos Maia M, Rodrigues GCS, de Sousa NF, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Mendonça-Junior FJB. Identification of New Targets and the Virtual Screening of Lignans against Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3098673. [PMID: 32879651 PMCID: PMC7448245 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3098673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive disturbance in cognition and affects approximately 36 million people, worldwide. However, the drugs used to treat this disease are only moderately effective and do not alter the course of the neurodegenerative process. This is because the pathogenesis of AD is mainly associated with oxidative stress, and current drugs only target two enzymes involved in neurotransmission. Therefore, the present study sought to identify potential multitarget compounds for enzymes that are directly or indirectly involved in the oxidative pathway, with minimal side effects, for AD treatment. A set of 159 lignans were submitted to studies of QSAR and molecular docking. A combined analysis was performed, based on ligand and structure, followed by the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. The results showed that the combined analysis was able to select 139 potentially active and multitarget lignans targeting two or more enzymes, among them are c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK-3), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The authors conclude that compounds (06) austrobailignan 6, (11) anolignan c, (19) 7-epi-virolin, (64) 6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dimethyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxole, (116) ococymosin, and (135) mappiodoinin b have probabilities that confer neuroprotection and antioxidant activity and represent potential alternative AD treatment drugs or prototypes for the development of new drugs with anti-AD properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara dos Santos Maia
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Soares Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Xu F, Lv C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Gong Q, Shi J, Gao J. Icariside II, a PDE5 Inhibitor, Suppresses Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Primary Hippocampal Neuronal Death Through Activating the PKG/CREB/BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:523. [PMID: 32390851 PMCID: PMC7194126 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of death and adult disability. Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is caused by ischemic stroke thereafter aggravates overwhelming neuronal apoptosis and even the death of neurons. Of note, hippocampus is more susceptive to cerebral I/R injury than the other brain region. This study was designed to explore the effects and mechanism of icariside II (ICS II), a pharmacologically active compound exists in herbal Epimedii with previous study-proved as a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced primary hippocampal neurons injury. Methods Effects of ICS II on primary hippocampal neuronal impairment and apoptosis induced by OGD/R were examined by MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. Activation of memory-related signaling pathways was measured using Western blot analysis. The direct interaction between ICS II and PDE5 was further evaluated by molecular docking. Results ICS II (12.5, 25, 50 μM) markedly abrogated OGD/R-induced hippocampal neuronal death as suggested by the increase in neurons viability and the decrease in cellular LDH release. Furthermore, ICS II not only effectively decreased the protein expression and activity of PDE5, restored the 3′5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level and its downstream target protein kinase G (PKG) activity but also increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) level, expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine protein kinase B (TrkB). Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of ICS II were abrogated by Rp-8-Br-cGMP (a PKG inhibitor) or ANA-12 (a TrkB inhibitor), which further confirmed that the favorable effects of ICS II were attributed to its activation of the PKG/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Intriguingly, ICS II might effectively bind and inhibited PDE5 activity as demonstrated by relatively high binding scores (−6.52 kcal/mol). Conclusions ICS II significantly rescues OGD/R-induced hippocampal neuronal injury. The mechanism is, at least partly, due to inhibition of PDE5 and activation of PKG/CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. Hence it is thought that ICS II might be a potential naturally PDE5 inhibitor to combat cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chun Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuangui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Duarte-Silva E, Filho AJMC, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Macedo D, Peixoto C. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: Shedding new light on the darkness of depression? J Affect Disord 2020; 264:138-149. [PMID: 32056743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Recently, the antidepressant-like effect of PDE5Is was demonstrated in animal models of depression. In clinical settings, PDE5Is were studied only for ED associated depression. Hence, there are no studies evaluating the effects of PDE5Is for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) without ED. In this review article, we aimed to discuss the use of PDE5Is in the context of MDD, highlighting the roles of PDE genes in the development of MDD, the potential mechanisms by which PDE5Is can be beneficial for MDD and the potentials and limitations of PDE5Is repurposing to treat MDD. METHODS We used PubMed (MEDLINE) database to collect the studies cited in this review. Papers written in English language regardless the year of publication were selected. RESULTS A few preclinical studies support the antidepressant-like activity of PDE5Is. Clinical studies in men with ED and depression suggest that PDE5Is improve depressive symptoms. No clinical studies were conducted in subjects suffering from depression without ED. Antidepressant effect of PDE5Is may be explained by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of brain inflammation and modulation of neuroplasticity. LIMITATIONS The low number of preclinical and absence of clinical studies to support the antidepressant effect of PDE5Is. CONCLUSIONS No clinical trial was conducted to date evaluating PDE5Is in depressed patients without ED. PDE5Is' anti-inflammatory and neuroplasticity mechanisms may justify the potential antidepressant effect of these drugs. Despite this, clinical trials evaluating their efficacy in depressed patients need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - João Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Christina Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Gao J, Long L, Xu F, Feng L, Liu Y, Shi J, Gong Q. Icariside II, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, attenuates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β-mediated activation of autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1434-1452. [PMID: 31658364 PMCID: PMC7056470 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion causes exacerbated neuronal damage involving excessive autophagy and neuronal loss. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of icariside II, one of main active ingredients of Herba Epimedii on this loss and whether this is related to its PDE 5 inhibitory action. Experimental Approach Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in the rat by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion over 2 hr, followed by reperfusion with icariside II, 3‐methylamphetamine or rapamycin. The effect of icariside II was determined measuring behaviour changes and the size of the infarction. The expressions of PDE 5, autophagy‐related proteins and the level of phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) were determined. Cultured primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation in the presence and absence of icariside II. A surface plasmon resonance assay and molecular docking were used to explore the interactions of icariside II with PDE 5 or GSK‐3β. Key Results Icariside II not only protected against induced ischaemic reperfusion injury in rats but also attenuated such injury in primary cortical neurons. The neuroprotective effects of icariside II on such injury were attributed to interfering with the PKG/GSK‐3β/autophagy axis by directly bounding to PDE 5 and GSK‐3β. Conclusions and Implications These findings indicate that icariside II attenuates cerebral I/R‐induced injury via interfering with PKG/GSK‐3β/autophagy axis. This study raises the possibility that icariside II and other PDE 5 inhibitors maybe effective in the treatment ischaemia stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Long Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Linying Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuangui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
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23
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Zuccarello E, Acquarone E, Calcagno E, Argyrousi EK, Deng SX, Landry DW, Arancio O, Fiorito J. Development of novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113818. [PMID: 31978378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that plays a multifactorial role in several cellular processes. In the central nervous system, the NO dual nature in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity has been explored to unveil its involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of research shows that the activation of the NO signaling pathway leading to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) (so-called NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway) ameliorates altered neuroplasticity and memory deficits in AD animal models. In addition to NO donors, several other pharmacological agents, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been used to activate the pathway and rescue memory disorders. PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are marketed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and arterial pulmonary hypertension due to their vasodilatory properties. The ability of PDE5 inhibitors to interfere with the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway by increasing the levels of cGMP has prompted the hypothesis that PDE5 inhibition might be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. To this end, newly designed PDE5 inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes with improved pharmacologic profile (e.g. higher potency, improved selectivity, and blood-brain barrier penetration) have been synthesized and evaluated in several animal models of AD. In addition, recent medicinal chemistry effort has led to the development of agents concurrently acting on the PDE5 enzyme and a second target involved in AD. Both marketed and investigational PDE5 inhibitors have shown to reverse cognitive defects in young and aged wild type mice as well as transgenic mouse models of AD and tauopathy using a variety of behavioral tasks. These studies confirmed the therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors as cognitive enhancers. However, clinical studies assessing cognitive functions using marketed PDE5 inhibitors have not been conclusive. Drug discovery efforts by our group and others are currently directed towards the development of novel PDE5 inhibitors tailored to AD with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. In summary, the present perspective reports an overview of the correlation between the NO signaling and AD, as well as an outline of the PDE5 inhibitors used as an alternative approach in altering the NO pathway leading to an improvement of learning and memory. The last two sections describe the preclinical and clinical evaluation of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of AD, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the AD drug discovery efforts involving PDE5 as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa Calcagno
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elentina K Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jole Fiorito
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States.
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24
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Gutiérrez HC, Vacca I, Schoenmacker G, Cleal M, Tochwin A, O'Connor B, Young AMJ, Vasquez AA, Winter MJ, Parker MO, Norton WHJ. Screening for drugs to reduce zebrafish aggression identifies caffeine and sildenafil. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 30:17-29. [PMID: 31679888 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although aggression is a common symptom of psychiatric disorders the drugs available to treat it are non-specific and can have unwanted side effects. In this study we have used a behavioural platform in a phenotypic screen to identify drugs that can reduce zebrafish aggression without affecting locomotion. In a three tier screen of ninety-four drugs we discovered that caffeine and sildenafil can selectively reduce aggression. Caffeine also decreased attention and increased impulsivity in the 5-choice serial reaction time task whereas sildenafil showed the opposite effect. Imaging studies revealed that both caffeine and sildenafil are active in the zebrafish brain, with prominent activation of the thalamus and cerebellum evident. They also interact with 5-HT neurotransmitter signalling. In summary, we have demonstrated that juvenile zebrafish are a suitable model to screen for novel drugs to reduce aggression, with the potential to uncover the neural circuits and signalling pathways that mediate such behavioural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carreño Gutiérrez
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Irene Vacca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Gido Schoenmacker
- Radboudumc Human Genetics/Radboud University Institute for Computing and Information Sciences (iCIS)/Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Cleal
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2FR, UK
| | - Anna Tochwin
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Bethan O'Connor
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Radboudumc Human Genetics/Radboud University Institute for Computing and Information Sciences (iCIS)/Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew O Parker
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2FR, UK
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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25
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Icariin Ameliorates Amyloid Pathologies by Maintaining Homeostasis of Autophagic Systems in Aβ1–42-Injected Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2708-2722. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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El-Bakly W, Wagdy O, Sobhy A, abo elenain O, Riad MS, El Sayed M, Tarkhan S, Yassen M, Mahmoud A, Bassiony M, Nabil N. The efficacy and underlying mechanism of phosphodiesterase- 5 inhibitors in preventing cognitive impairment and Alzheimer pathology: A systematic review of animal studies. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Kelly SP, Dawson-Scully K. Natural polymorphism in protein kinase G modulates functional senescence in D rosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.199364. [PMID: 30910834 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.199364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well-characterized model for neurological disorders and is widely used to investigate the biology of aging, stress tolerance and pleiotropy. The foraging (for) gene encodes a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), which has been implicated in several behavioral phenotypes including feeding, sleep, learning and memory, and environmental stress tolerance. We used the well-established Drosophila activity monitor (DAM) to investigate the effects of the conserved NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway on functional senescence. Our results show that the polymorphic for gene confers protection during low oxygen stress at the expense of longevity and a decline in locomotor activity with age in D. melanogaster, which suggests a novel role for the PKG pathway in healthy aging and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P Kelly
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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28
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Vasita E, Yasmeen S, Andoh J, Bridges LR, Kruuse C, Pauls MMH, Pereira AC, Hainsworth AH. The cGMP-Degrading Enzyme Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) in Cerebral Small Arteries of Older People. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:191-194. [PMID: 30590671 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease in deep penetrating arteries is a major cause of lacunar infarcts, white matter lesions and vascular cognitive impairment. Local cerebral blood flow in these small vessels is controlled by endothelial-derived nitric oxide, which exerts a primary vasodilator stimulus on vascular myocytes, via cytoplasmic cyclic GMP. Here, we investigated whether the cGMP-degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is present in small penetrating arteries in the deep subcortical white matter of older people. Frontal cortical tissue blocks were examined from donated brains of older people (n = 42, 24 male: 18 female, median age 81, range: 59-100 years). PDE5, detected by immunohistochemical labeling, was graded as absent, sparse, or abundant in vascular cells within small arteries in subcortical white matter (vessel outer diameter: 20-100 µm). PDE5 labeling within arterial myocytes was detected in all cases. Degree of PDE5 expression (absent, sparse, or abundant) was not associated with age or with neuropathological diagnosis of small vessel disease. In conclusion, PDE5 is present in vascular myocytes within small penetrating arteries in older people. This is a potential molecular target for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Vasita
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saiqa Yasmeen
- Department of Neurology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joycelyn Andoh
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie R Bridges
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, SW17 0QT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mathilde M H Pauls
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Pereira
- Department of Neurology, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, Blackshaw Road, SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Wenzel B, Liu J, Dukic-Stefanovic S, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Ludwig FA, Chezal JM, Moreau E, Brust P, Maisonial-Besset A. Targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in brain: Toward the development of a PET radioligand labeled with fluorine-18. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:346-362. [PMID: 30753989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to develop a specific radioligand for imaging the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in brain by positron emission tomography (PET), seven new fluorinated inhibitors (3-9) were synthesized on the basis of a quinoline core. The inhibitory activity for PDE5 together with a panel of other PDEs was determined in vitro and two derivatives were selected for IC50 value determination. The most promising compound 7 (IC50 = 5.92 nM for PDE5A), containing a 3-fluoroazetidine moiety, was further radiolabeled by aliphatic nucleophilic substitution of two different leaving groups (nosylate and tosylate) using [18F]fluoride. The use of the nosylate precursor and tetra-n-butyl ammonium [18F]fluoride ([18F]TBAF) in 3-methyl-3-pentanol combined with the addition of a small amount of water proved to be the best radiolabeling conditions achieving a RCY of 4.9 ± 1.5% in an automated procedure. Preliminary biological investigations in vitro and in vivo were performed to characterize this new PDE5 radioligand. Metabolism studies of [18F]7 in mice revealed a fast metabolic degradation with the formation of radiometabolites which have been detected in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jianrong Liu
- UMR 1240 INSERM IMOST, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sladjana Dukic-Stefanovic
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- UMR 1240 INSERM IMOST, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Moreau
- UMR 1240 INSERM IMOST, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Hollas MA, Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Gordon-Blake JM, Thatcher GRJ. Pharmacological manipulation of cGMP and NO/cGMP in CNS drug discovery. Nitric Oxide 2019; 82:59-74. [PMID: 30394348 PMCID: PMC7645969 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of small molecule modulators of NO/cGMP signaling for use in the CNS has lagged far behind the use of such clinical agents in the periphery, despite the central role played by NO/cGMP in learning and memory, and the substantial evidence that this signaling pathway is perturbed in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The NO-chimeras, NMZ and Nitrosynapsin, have yielded beneficial and disease-modifying responses in multiple preclinical animal models, acting on GABAA and NMDA receptors, respectively, providing additional mechanisms of action relevant to synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. Several inhibitors of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDE) have replicated some of the actions of these NO-chimeras in the CNS. There is no evidence that nitrate tolerance is a phenomenon relevant to the CNS actions of NO-chimeras, and studies on nitroglycerin in the periphery continue to challenge the dogma of nitrate tolerance mechanisms. Hybrid nitrates have shown much promise in the periphery and CNS, but to date only one treatment has received FDA approval, for glaucoma. The potential for allosteric modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in brain disorders has not yet been fully explored nor exploited; whereas multiple applications of PDE inhibitors have been explored and many have stalled in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hollas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Manel Ben Aissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jesse M Gordon-Blake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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31
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Zhang L, Seo JH, Li H, Nam G, Yang HO. The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, KJH-1002, reverses a mouse model of amnesia by activating a cGMP/cAMP response element binding protein pathway and decreasing oxidative damage. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3347-3360. [PMID: 29847860 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of PDE5 improves synaptic plasticity and memory via enhancing cGMP expression, thus activating the cGMP/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signalling pathway. This study investigated the effects of a PDE5 inhibitor on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, using memory-related behavioural tests and biochemical assays. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In mice were pretreated with PDE5 inhibitor, amnesia was induced by scopolamine. The learning and memory abilities of mice were tested using the Morris water maze test, the Y-maze test, the passive avoidance test and the novel object recognition test in sequence. Expression of memory-related bio-molecules and oxidative stress parameters in brain tissue were measured using Western blot and spectrophotometry respectively. KEY RESULTS KJH-1002, a novel and potent inhibitor of PDE5 (IC50 0.059 ± 0.04 nmol·L-1 ), was synthesized. In the behavioural tests, it markedly improved the memory performance impaired by scopolamine, indicating a restoration of cognitive function in the mice. Moreover, KJH-1002 increased cGMP levels in the cortex and the scopolamine-reduced expression of phosphorylated CREB, Levels of ERK 1/2, Akt and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cortex and hippocampus were restored by KJH-1002 treatment. In addition, KJH-1002 administration increased the activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS KJH-1002 restored cognitive function in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice by activating the cGMP/CREB signalling pathway and attenuating oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of KJH-1002 on cognition indicate its potential as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghilsoo Nam
- Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Gulisano W, Tropea MR, Arancio O, Palmeri A, Puzzo D. Sub-efficacious doses of phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibitors improve memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:151-159. [PMID: 29885420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP cooperate to ensure memory acquisition and consolidation. Increasing their levels by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) enhanced cognitive functions and rescued memory loss in different models of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, side effects due to the high doses used limited their application in humans. Based on previous studies suggesting that combinations of sub-efficacious doses of cAMP- and cGMP-specific PDE-Is improved synaptic plasticity and memory in physiological conditions, here we aimed to study whether this treatment was effective to counteract the AD phenotype in APPswe mice. We found that a 3-week chronic treatment with a combination of sub-efficacious doses of the cAMP-specific PDE4-I roflumilast (0.01 mg/kg) and the cGMP-specific PDE5-I vardenafil (0.1 mg/kg) improved recognition, spatial and contextual fear memory. Importantly, the cognitive enhancement persisted for 2 months beyond administration. This long-lasting action, and the possibility to minimize side effects due to the low doses used, might open feasible therapeutic strategies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Gulisano
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Dept. of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Zhang D, Mably AJ, Walsh DM, Rowan MJ. Peripheral Interventions Enhancing Brain Glutamate Homeostasis Relieve Amyloid β- and TNFα- Mediated Synaptic Plasticity Disruption in the Rat Hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3724-3735. [PMID: 27390019 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis in the interstitial fluid of the brain is strongly implicated in causing synaptic dysfunction in many neurological and psychiatric illnesses. In the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid β (Aβ)-mediated disruption of synaptic plasticity and memory can be alleviated by interventions that directly remove glutamate or block certain glutamate receptors. An alternative strategy is to facilitate the removal of excess glutamate from the nervous system by activating peripheral glutamate clearance systems. One such blood-based system, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), is activated by oxaloacetate, which acts as a co-substrate. We report here that synthetic and AD brain-derived Aβ-mediated inhibition of synaptic long-term potentiation in the hippocampus is alleviated by oxaloacetate. Moreover the effect of oxaloacetate was GOT-dependent. The disruptive effects of a general inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transport or TNFα, a pro-inflammatory mediator of Aβ action, were also reversed by oxaloacetate. Furthermore, another intervention that increases peripheral glutamate clearance, peritoneal dialysis, mimicked the beneficial effect of oxaloacetate. These findings lend support to the promotion of the peripheral clearance of glutamate as a means to alleviate synaptic dysfunction that is caused by impaired glutamate homeostasis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alexandra J Mably
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Neuroprotective potential of high-dose biotin. Med Hypotheses 2017; 109:145-149. [PMID: 29150274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A recent controlled trial has established that high-dose biotin supplementation - 100 mg, three times daily - has a stabilizing effect on progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although this effect has been attributed to an optimization of biotin's essential cofactor role in the brain, a case can be made that direct stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) by pharmacological concentrations of biotin plays a key role in this regard. The utility of high-dose biotin in MS might reflect an anti-inflammatory effect of cGMP on the cerebral microvasculature, as well on oligodendrocyte differentiation and on Schwann cell production of neurotrophic factors thought to have potential for managing MS. But biotin's ability to boost cGMP synthesis in the brain may have broader neuroprotective potential. In many types of neurons and neural cells, cGMP exerts neurotrophic-mimetic effects - entailing activation of the PI3K-Akt and Ras-ERK pathways - that promote neuron survival and plasticity. Hippocampal long term potentiation requires nitric oxide synthesis, which in turn promotes an activating phosphorylation of CREB via a pathway involving cGMP and protein kinase G (PKG). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid beta suppresses this mechanism by inhibiting sGC activity; agents which exert a countervailing effect by boosting cGMP levels tend to restore effective long-term potentiation in rodent models of AD. Moreover, NO/cGMP suppresses amyloid beta production within the brain by inhibiting expression of amyloid precursor protein and BACE1. In conjunction with cGMP's ability to oppose neuron apoptosis, these effects suggest that high-dose biotin might have potential for the prevention and management of AD. cGMP also promotes neurogenesis, and may lessen stroke risk by impeding atherogenesis and hypertrophic remodeling in the cerebral vasculature. The neuroprotective potential of high-dose biotin likely could be boosted by concurrent administration of brain-permeable phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.
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Ölmestig JNE, Marlet IR, Hainsworth AH, Kruuse C. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Cell Signal 2017; 38:39-48. [PMID: 28648945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), such as sildenafil (Viagra®) are widely used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Preclinical studies suggest that PDE5i may improve functional outcome following ischemic stroke. In this systematic review we aimed to evaluate the effects of selective PDE5i in animal models of brain ischaemia. A systematic search in Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library was performed including studies in English assessing the effects of selective PDE5i. 32 publications were included describing outcome in 3646 animals. Neuroprotective effects of PDE5i were dependent on the NO-cGMP-PKG-pathway. These included reduced neuronal apoptosis (n=3 studies), oxidative stress (n=5), and neuroinflammation (n=2). PDE5i increased angiogenesis and elevated regional cerebral blood flow in the ischemic penumbra, and improved functional recovery. Some studies found that PDE5i treatment reduced lesion volume (n=9), others found no effect (n=9). Treatment was effective when administered within 24h post-ischemia, though treatment delayed to seven days improved outcome in one study. This review demonstrates both neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of PDE5i in animal models of stroke, though the specific underlying signaling pathways relating to PDE5 inhibition and cGMP may remain serendipitous in some studies. There is currently limited evidence on the effects of selective PDE5i in human stroke patients, hence translation of preclinical results into clinical trials may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim N E Ölmestig
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Ida R Marlet
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Clinical Neuroscience, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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Pharmacological Rescue of Long-Term Potentiation in Alzheimer Diseased Synapses. J Neurosci 2016; 37:1197-1212. [PMID: 27986924 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2774-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent and persistent increase in synaptic transmission. Currently available techniques to measure LTP are time-intensive and require highly specialized expertise and equipment, and thus are not well suited for screening of multiple candidate treatments, even in animal models. To expand and facilitate the analysis of LTP, here we use a flow cytometry-based method to track chemically induced LTP by detecting surface AMPA receptors in isolated synaptosomes: fluorescence analysis of single-synapse long-term potentiation (FASS-LTP). First, we demonstrate that FASS-LTP is simple, sensitive, and models electrically induced LTP recorded in intact circuitries. Second, we conducted FASS-LTP analysis in two well-characterized Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models (3xTg and Tg2576) and, importantly, in cryopreserved human AD brain samples. By profiling hundreds of synaptosomes, our data provide the first direct evidence to support the idea that synapses from AD brain are intrinsically defective in LTP. Third, we used FASS-LTP for drug evaluation in human synaptosomes. Testing a panel of modulators of cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways, FASS-LTP identified vardenafil and Bay-73-6691 (phosphodiesterase-5 and -9 inhibitors, respectively) as potent enhancers of LTP in synaptosomes from AD cases. These results indicate that our approach could provide the basis for protocols to study LTP in both healthy and diseased human brains, a previously unattainable goal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Learning and memory depend on the ability of synapses to strengthen in response to activity. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a rapid and persistent increase in synaptic transmission that is thought to be affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, direct evidence of LTP deficits in human AD brain has been elusive, primarily due to methodological limitations. Here, we analyze LTP in isolated synapses from AD brain using a novel approach that allows testing LTP in cryopreserved brain. Our analysis of hundreds of synapses supports the idea that AD-diseased synapses are intrinsically defective in LTP. Further, we identified pharmacological agents that rescue LTP in AD, thus opening up a new avenue for drug screening and evaluation of strategies for alleviating memory impairments.
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