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Van Dam D, Valkenburg F, Van Kolen K, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, De Deyn PP. Behavioral and Neuropathological Phenotyping of the Tau58/2 and Tau58/4 Transgenic Mouse Models for FTDP-17. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2088. [PMID: 37895469 PMCID: PMC10608666 DOI: 10.3390/life13102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tau58/2 and Tau58/4 mouse lines expressing 0N4R tau with a P301S mutation mimic aspects of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). In a side-by-side comparison, we report the age-dependent development of cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits in comparison with the spatial-temporal evolution of cellular tau pathology in both models. METHODS We applied the SHIRPA primary screen and specific neuromotor, behavioral, and cognitive paradigms. The spatiotemporal development of tau pathology was investigated immunohistochemically. Levels of sarkosyl-insoluble paired helical filaments were determined via a MesoScale Discovery biomarker assay. RESULTS Neuromotor impairments developed from age 3 months in both models. On electron microscopy, spinal cord neurofibrillary pathology was visible in mice aged 3 months; however, AT8 immunoreactivity was not yet observed in Tau58/4 mice. Behavioral abnormalities and memory deficits occurred at a later stage (>9 months) when tau pathology was fully disseminated throughout the brain. Spatiotemporally, tau pathology spread from the spinal cord via the midbrain to the frontal cortex, while the hippocampus was relatively spared, thus explaining the late onset of cognitive deficits. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the face and construct validity of both Tau58 models, which may provide new, valuable insights into the pathologic effects of tau species in vivo and may consequently facilitate the development of new therapeutic targets to delay or halt neurodegenerative processes occurring in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Valkenburg
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Kristof Van Kolen
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, 2340 Beerse, Belgium;
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (I.P.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (I.P.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Murphy KT, Lynch GS. Impaired skeletal muscle health in Parkinsonian syndromes: clinical implications, mechanisms and potential treatments. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1987-2002. [PMID: 37574254 PMCID: PMC10570091 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that neurodegenerative disorders including the Parkinsonian syndromes are associated with impaired skeletal muscle health, manifesting as wasting and weakness. Many of the movement problems, lack of muscle strength and reduction in quality of life that are characteristic of these syndromes can be attributed to impairments in skeletal muscle health, but this concept has been grossly understudied and represents an important area of unmet clinical need. This review describes the changes in skeletal muscle health in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in two atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, the most aggressive synucleinopathy multiple system atrophy, and the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy. The pathogenesis of the skeletal muscle changes is described, including the contribution of impairments to the central and peripheral nervous system and intrinsic alterations. Pharmacological interventions targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms with therapeutic potential to improve skeletal muscle health in affected patients are also discussed. Although little is known about the mechanisms underlying these conditions, current evidence implicates multiple pathways and processes, highlighting the likely need for combination therapies to protect muscle health and emphasizing the merit of personalized interventions for patients with different physical capacities at different stages of their disease. As muscle fatigue is often experienced by patients prior to diagnosis, the identification and measurement of this symptom and related biomarkers to identify early signs of disease require careful interrogation, especially for multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy where diagnosis is often made several years after onset of symptoms and only confirmed post-mortem. We propose a multidisciplinary approach for early diagnosis and implementation of personalized interventions to preserve muscle health and improve quality of life for patients with typical and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate T. Murphy
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Gordon S. Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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3
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Lacomme M, Hales SC, Brown TW, Stevanovic K, Jolicoeur C, Cai J, Bois T, Desrosiers M, Dalkara D, Cayouette M. Numb regulates Tau levels and prevents neurodegeneration in tauopathy mouse models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4295. [PMID: 36260685 PMCID: PMC9581485 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is linked to neuronal cell death in tauopathies, but how intraneuronal Tau levels are regulated in health and disease remains unclear. Here, we show that conditional inactivation of the trafficking adaptor protein Numb in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) increases Tau levels and leads to axonal blebbing, which is followed by neuronal cell loss in aged mice. In the TauP301S mouse model of tauopathy, conditional inactivation of Numb in RGCs and spinal motoneurons accelerates neurodegeneration, and loss of Numb in motoneurons also leads to precocious hindlimb paralysis. Conversely, overexpression of the long isoform of Numb (Numb-72) decreases intracellular Tau levels and reduces axonal blebbing in TauP301S RGCs, leading to improved electrical activity in cultured neurons and improves performance in a visually guided behavior test in vivo. These results uncover Numb as a key regulator of intracellular Tau levels and identify Numb-72 as a potential therapeutic factor for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lacomme
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Hales
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas W. Brown
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katarina Stevanovic
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Christine Jolicoeur
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jenny Cai
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Therence Bois
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Melissa Desrosiers
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Michel Cayouette
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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4
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Castillo-Mariqueo L, Giménez-Llort L. Clasping, ledge-score coordination and early gait impairments as primary behavioural markers of functional impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 435:114054. [PMID: 35961538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor performance facilitates the understanding of the functional state related to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At the translational level, this brief report refines the characterization of the motor dysfunction of the 3xTg-AD mouse model in different motor tasks, focusing on the abnormal clasping reflex and coordination impairments measured through the Phenotype Scoring System four items screening originally developed for models of ataxia. We studied male 3xTg-AD mice at 6, 12, and 16 months of age (mimicking the early, advanced, and late stages of the disease, respectively) and their age-matched non-transgenic counterparts with normal aging. According to the score, incidence, or severity of the four items and the total score, the 3xTg-AD mice showed deficiencies in all score elements. Clasping was increased independently of age, and its severity worsened with repeated testing. In contrast, the impairment of coordination worsened with the progress of the disease. The gait score was sensitive to genotype since early stages, and the worse ledge score was evident at 16 months. Kyphosis and ledge scores were sensitive to age. The impairments and functional limitations of male 3xTg-AD mice related to the stages of AD provide a scenario that allows understanding the heterogeneity of non-cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castillo-Mariqueo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Dhandapani R, Neri M, Bernhard M, Brzak I, Schweizer T, Rudin S, Joller S, Berth R, Kernen J, Neuhaus A, Waldt A, Cuttat R, Naumann U, Keller CG, Roma G, Feuerbach D, Shimshek DR, Neumann U, Gasparini F, Galimberti I. Sustained Trem2 stabilization accelerates microglia heterogeneity and Aβ pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110883. [PMID: 35649351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TREM2 is a transmembrane protein expressed exclusively in microglia in the brain that regulates inflammatory responses to pathological conditions. Proteolytic cleavage of membrane TREM2 affects microglial function and is associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the consequence of reduced TREM2 proteolytic cleavage has not been determined. Here, we generate a transgenic mouse model of reduced Trem2 shedding (Trem2-Ile-Pro-Asp [IPD]) through amino-acid substitution of an ADAM-protease recognition site. We show that Trem2-IPD mice display increased Trem2 cell-surface-receptor load, survival, and function in myeloid cells. Using single-cell transcriptomic profiling of mouse cortex, we show that sustained Trem2 stabilization induces a shift of fate in microglial maturation and accelerates microglial responses to Aβ pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Our data indicate that reduction of Trem2 proteolytic cleavage aggravates neuroinflammation during the course of Alzheimer's disease pathology, suggesting that TREM2 shedding is a critical regulator of microglial activity in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dhandapani
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Bernhard
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irena Brzak
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Schweizer
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Rudin
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Joller
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Berth
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Kernen
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Neuhaus
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Waldt
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Gubser Keller
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Feuerbach
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Derya R Shimshek
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Neumann
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Gasparini
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Galimberti
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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6
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Qian X, Yue L, Mellor D, Robbins NM, Li W, Xiao S. Reduced Peripheral Nerve Conduction Velocity is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from China. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:231-242. [PMID: 35177907 PMCID: PMC8846612 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s349005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elderly individuals with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are more likely to develop peripheral neuropathy; however, research is limited as to whether the decline in peripheral nerve conduction can be used as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study enrolled 74 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 21 with AD, and 82 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent a peripheral nerve conduction and neuropsychological evaluation. Nicolet EDX was used to assess peripheral nerve conduction in the limbs and comparisons were made between the three cognitive groups. Furthermore, the relationship between peripheral nerve conduction and cognitive function was investigated. RESULTS A ladder-shaped difference was found in the median (p < 0.001) and common peroneal (p < 0.001) motor nerve velocity, with the control group > MCI group > AD group, even after controlling for variables. The median motor nerve amplitude in the AD group was lower than that in the control group (P = 0.017). After controlling for age, sex, education, and height, the median motor nerve velocity was positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = 0.196, p = 0.015), and the common peroneal motor nerve velocity was positively correlated with verbal fluency task-idioms (r = 0.184, p = 0.026). The median (AUC: 0.777, p < 0.001) and common peroneal motor nerve velocities (AUC: 0.862; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of AD. The accuracy rate of these two motor nerve velocities to predict AD was 51.5%. CONCLUSION Our study found that peripheral motor nerve velocity may correlate with early cognitive impairment in AD. However, the accuracy of different cognitive classifications and the value of early diagnosis are not ideal when peripheral motor nerve velocity is used alone. Whether peripheral nerve function can be used as a marker for early diagnosis of AD needs further clarification but provides a new possibility for the future of biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Qian
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathaniel M Robbins
- Department of Neurology (N.M.R.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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7
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Garrick JM, Costa LG, Cole TB, Marsillach J. Evaluating Gait and Locomotion in Rodents with the CatWalk. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e220. [PMID: 34370398 PMCID: PMC8363132 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Motor deficits can significantly affect the completion of daily life activities and have a negative impact on quality of life. Consequently, motor function is an important behavioral endpoint to measure for in vivo pathophysiologic studies in a variety of research areas, such as toxicant exposure, drug development, disease characterization, and transgenic phenotyping. Evaluation of motor function is also critical to the interpretation of cognitive behavioral assays, as many rely on intact motor abilities to derive meaningful data. As such, gait analysis is an important component of behavioral research and can be achieved by manual or video-assisted methods. Manual gait analysis methods, however, are prone to observer bias and are unable to capture many critical parameters. In contrast, automated video-assisted gait analysis can quickly and reliably assess gait and locomotor abnormalities that were previously difficult to collect manually. Here, we describe the evaluation of gait and locomotion in rodents using the automated Noldus CatWalk XT system. We include a step-by-step guide for running an experiment using the CatWalk XT system and discuss theory and considerations when evaluating rodent gait. The protocol and discussion provided here act as a supplemental resource to the manual for this commercially available system and can assist CatWalk users in their experimental design and implementation. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Garrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucio G. Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Toby B. Cole
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center on Human Development and Disabilities, University of Washington, United States
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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8
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Sun Y, Guo Y, Feng X, Jia M, Ai N, Dong Y, Zheng Y, Fu L, Yu B, Zhang H, Wu J, Yu X, Wu H, Kong W. The behavioural and neuropathologic sexual dimorphism and absence of MIP-3α in tau P301S mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:72. [PMID: 32093751 PMCID: PMC7041244 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tau hyper-phosphorylation has been considered a major contributor to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies, and has gained prominence in therapeutic development for AD. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD and evaluate therapeutic approaches targeting tau, numerous transgenic mouse models that recapitulate critical AD-like pathology have been developed. Tau P301S transgenic mice is one of the most widely used mouse models in AD research. Extensive studies have demonstrated that sex significantly influences AD pathology, behavioral status, and therapeutic outcomes, suggesting that studies using mouse models of AD must consider sex- and age-related differences in neuropathology, behavior, and plasma content. Method We systematically investigated differences in tau P301S transgenic mice (PS19 line) and wildtype littermates of different sex behavioral performance, tau neuropathology, and biomarkers in plasma and brain. Results Male P301S transgenic mice exhibited significant changes in weight loss, survival rate, clasping, kyphosis, composite phenotype assessment, nest building performance, tau phosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205, and astrocyte activation compared to that of wild-type littermates. In contrast, female P301S transgenic mice were only sensitive in the Morris water maze and open field test. In addition, we characterized the absence of macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP-3α) and the upregulation of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-6 in the plasma of P301S transgenic mice, which can be served as potential plasma biomarkers in P301S Tg mice. Male P301S transgenic mice expressed more monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-13 than those of female P301S mice. Conclusion Our findings highlight sexual dimorphism in the behavior, neuropathology, and plasma proteins in tau P301S transgenic AD mice, indicating that the use of male P301S transgenic mice may be more suitable for assessing anti-phosphorylated tau therapeutic strategies for AD and related tauopathies, and the MIP-3α may be a new potential plasma biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuejian Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Ning Ai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yue Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yayuan Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, College of life science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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9
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Anagnostou ME, Hepple RT. Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration with Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010197. [PMID: 31941062 PMCID: PMC7016881 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle deteriorates with aging, contributing to physical frailty, poor health outcomes, and increased risk of mortality. Denervation is a major driver of changes in aging muscle. This occurs through transient denervation-reinnervation events throughout the aging process that remodel the spatial domain of motor units and alter fiber type. In advanced age, reinnervation wanes, leading to persistent denervation that accelerates muscle atrophy and impaired muscle contractility. Alterations in the muscle fibers and motoneurons are both likely involved in driving denervation through destabilization of the neuromuscular junction. In this respect, mitochondria are implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, and are also likely key to aging muscle changes through their direct effects in muscle fibers and through secondary effects mediated by mitochondrial impairments in motoneurons. Indeed, the large abundance of mitochondria in muscle fibers and motoneurons, that are further concentrated on both sides of the neuromuscular junction, likely renders the neuromuscular junction especially vulnerable to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction with aging include impaired respiratory function, elevated reactive oxygen species production, and increased susceptibility to permeability transition, contributing to reduced ATP generating capacity, oxidative damage, and apoptotic signaling, respectively. Using this framework, in this review we summarize our current knowledge, and relevant gaps, concerning the potential impact of mitochondrial impairment on the aging neuromuscular junction, and the mechanisms involved.
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10
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Van Erum J, Valkenburg F, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP. Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizure Susceptibility in the Tau58/4 Transgenic Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Neuroscience 2019; 425:112-122. [PMID: 31785360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In several tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), an increased incidence of seizures is observed. Tau, one of the major proteins implicated in AD pathology, is an important regulator of neural network excitability and might participate in the underlying epileptic cascade. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully elucidated. We aim to investigate this mechanism by analyzing seizure susceptibility to the convulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in a novel rodent tauopathy model. A single dose of PTZ was systemically injected in Tau58/4 transgenic mice. To investigate whether young and aged heterozygous (HET) mice exhibit a higher susceptibility to seizures in comparison with wild-type (WT) littermates, video electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with behavioral scoring according to a modified Racine scale was used. The employment of different dosage groups enabled us to characterize the dose range reliably inducing seizures. Here, we report an increased seizure susceptibility in young but not in old HET Tau58/4 mice. Young HET animals displayed more severe seizures and had a reduced latency to the first seizure compared to WTs. Also, age-related differences in susceptibility could be demonstrated for both genotypes. Identification and targeting of secondary diseases such as epilepsy, which aggravate dementia and lead to earlier institutionalization, is key. This study finds that tau pathology itself is sufficient to alter seizure susceptibility in a rodent model, indicating that the disease process is crucial in the emergence of epilepsy in patients with tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van Erum
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Femke Valkenburg
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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11
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Cheng H, Deaton LM, Qiu M, Ha S, Pacoma R, Lao J, Tolley V, Moran R, Keeton A, Lamb JR, Fathman J, Walker JR, Schumacher AM. Tau overexpression exacerbates neuropathology after repeated mild head impacts in male mice. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104683. [PMID: 31765727 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) can lead to development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration with presence of white matter damage, gliosis and hyper-phosphorylated tau. While animal models of rmTBI have been documented, few characterize the molecular pathogenesis and expression profiles of relevant injured brain regions. Additionally, while the usage of transgenic tau mice in rmTBI is prevalent, the effects of tau on pathological outcomes has not been well studied. Here we characterized a 42-impact closed-head rmTBI paradigm on 3-4 month old male C57BL/6 (WT) and Tau-overexpressing mice (Tau58.4). This injury paradigm resulted in chronic gliosis, T-cell infiltration, and demyelination of the optic nerve and associated white matter tracts at 1-month post-injury. At 3-months post-injury, Tau58.4 mice showed progressive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple brain regions compared to WT mice. Corresponding to histopathology, RNAseq of the optic nerve tract at 1-month post-injury showed significant upregulation of inflammatory pathways and downregulation of myelin synthetic pathways in both genotypes. However, Tau58.4 mice showed additional changes in neurite development, protein processing, and cell stress. Comparisons with published transcriptomes of human Alzheimer's Disease and CTE revealed common signatures including neuroinflammation and downregulation of protein phosphatases. We next investigated the demyelination and T-cell infiltration phenotypes to determine whether these offer potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Tau58.4 mice were treated with the histamine H3 receptor antagonist GSK239512 for 1-month post-injury to promote remyelination of white matter lesions. This restored myelin gene expression to sham levels but failed to repair the histopathologic lesions. Likewise, injured T-cell-deficient Rag2/Il2rg (R2G2) mice also showed evidence for inflammation and loss of myelin. However, unlike immune-competent mice, R2G2 mice had altered myeloid cell gene expression and fewer demyelinated lesions. Together this data shows that rmTBI leads to chronic white matter inflammatory demyelination and axonal loss exacerbated by human tau overexpression but suggests that immune-suppression and remyelination alone are insufficient to reverse damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hank Cheng
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Lisa M Deaton
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Minhua Qiu
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Sukwon Ha
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Reynand Pacoma
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Jianmin Lao
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Valerie Tolley
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Rita Moran
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Amber Keeton
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - John R Lamb
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Fathman
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - John R Walker
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Andrew M Schumacher
- Department of General Medical Biology, Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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12
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Ke YD, Chan G, Stefanoska K, Au C, Bi M, Müller J, Przybyla M, Feiten A, Prikas E, Halliday GM, Piguet O, Kiernan MC, Kassiou M, Hodges JR, Loy CT, Mattick JS, Ittner A, Kril JJ, Sutherland GT, Ittner LM. CNS cell type-specific gene profiling of P301S tau transgenic mice identifies genes dysregulated by progressive tau accumulation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14149-14162. [PMID: 31366728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau undergoes aberrant modification resulting in insoluble brain deposits in various neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. Tau aggregates can form in different cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) but are most prevalent in neurons. We have previously recapitulated aspects of human FTD in mouse models by overexpressing mutant human tau in CNS neurons, including a P301S tau variant in TAU58/2 mice, characterized by early-onset and progressive behavioral deficits and FTD-like neuropathology. The molecular mechanisms underlying the functional deficits of TAU58/2 mice remain mostly elusive. Here, we employed functional genomics (i.e. RNAseq) to determine differentially expressed genes in young and aged TAU58/2 mice to identify alterations in cellular processes that may contribute to neuropathy. We identified genes in cortical brain samples differentially regulated between young and old TAU58/2 mice relative to nontransgenic littermates and by comparative analysis with a dataset of CNS cell type-specific genes expressed in nontransgenic mice. Most differentially-regulated genes had known or putative roles in neurons and included presynaptic and excitatory genes. Specifically, we observed changes in presynaptic factors, glutamatergic signaling, and protein scaffolding. Moreover, in the aged mice, expression levels of several genes whose expression was annotated to occur in other brain cell types were altered. Immunoblotting and immunostaining of brain samples from the TAU58/2 mice confirmed altered expression and localization of identified and network-linked proteins. Our results have revealed genes dysregulated by progressive tau accumulation in an FTD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazi D Ke
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Gabriella Chan
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Carol Au
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Mian Bi
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Julius Müller
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Przybyla
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Astrid Feiten
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia.,Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia
| | - Clement T Loy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - John S Mattick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- Charles Perkins Centre and Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre and Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2005, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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13
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Van Erum J, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP. PTZ-induced seizures in mice require a revised Racine scale. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 95:51-55. [PMID: 31026782 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Seizure severity in experimental models of epilepsy is often evaluated by means of the Racine scale, in spite of the use of seizure induction methods that are different from those of the original paper by Racine in 1972. In such cases, the use of this scale is not always justified because some seizure behaviors are significantly different from those originally described or not present at all. Correspondingly, the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model, which is frequently used for antiepileptic drug research, lacked an adequate assessment tool to measure seizure severity. In 2009, an adapted intensity scale for PTZ-induced seizures was already designed for rats. Here, we evaluated electroencephalographic (EEG) and behavioral parameters after a single PTZ injection, to determine whether this scale is also suitable for use in mouse studies. We found that the scale designed for rats is quite robust and can thus be applied to score seizure severity in mice. Yet, certain convulsive behaviors and EEG characteristics were distinct between species. Therefore, a species-specific scale was designed, which included the concomitant EEG characteristic next to the behavioral expressions we observed, in order to establish a user-friendly scoring scale for PTZ-induced seizures in mice. To evaluate applicability, we utilized the scale in a seizure susceptibility study of a transgenic mouse model. We demonstrated that the maximum severity scores obtained with the newly revised Racine scale highly correlated with the administered dose. Hence, the revised scale differentiates well between different classes of seizure severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van Erum
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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14
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Cunha JE, Barbosa GM, Castro PATDS, Luiz BLF, Silva ACA, Russo TL, Vasilceac FA, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, Salvini TF. Knee osteoarthritis induces atrophy and neuromuscular junction remodeling in the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles of rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6366. [PMID: 31019213 PMCID: PMC6482306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with muscle weakness, but it is unclear which structures are involved in the muscle changes. This study assessed morphological alterations and the expression of genes and proteins linked to muscular atrophy and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in KOA, induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rats. Two groups of rats were assessed: control (without intervention) and KOA (ACLT surgery in the right knee). After 8 weeks, quadriceps, tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed (area of muscle fibers, NMJ, gene and protein expression). KOA group showed atrophy in quadriceps (15.7%) and TA (33%), with an increase in atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1). KOA group showed quadriceps NMJ remodeling (reduction area and perimeter) and decrease in NMJ diameter in TA muscle. The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) γ-nAChR increased and that of α-nAChR and muscle specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) declined in the quadriceps, with a decrease in ε-nAChR in TA. MuRF-1 protein expression increased in quadriceps and TA, with no changes in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). In conclusion, ACLT-induced KOA promotes NMJ remodeling and atrophy in quadriceps and TA muscles, associated with inflammatory signs and changes in muscle gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Luiz Russo
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Pharmacology Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Fátima Salvini
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Macdonald JA, Bronner IF, Drynan L, Fan J, Curry A, Fraser G, Lavenir I, Goedert M. Assembly of transgenic human P301S Tau is necessary for neurodegeneration in murine spinal cord. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:44. [PMID: 30885267 PMCID: PMC6421678 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A pathological pathway leading from soluble monomeric to insoluble filamentous Tau is characteristic of many human neurodegenerative diseases, which also exhibit dysfunction and death of brain cells. However, it is unknown how the assembly of Tau into filaments relates to cell loss. To study this, we first used a mouse line transgenic for full-length human mutant P301S Tau to investigate the temporal relationship between Tau assembly into filaments, assessed using anti-Tau antibody AT100, and motor neuron numbers, in the lumbar spinal cord. AT100 immunoreactivity preceded nerve cell loss. Murine Tau did not contribute significantly to either Tau aggregation or neurodegeneration. To further study the relevance of filament formation for neurodegeneration, we deleted hexapeptides 275VQIINK280 and 306VQIVYK311, either singly or in combination, from human 0N4R Tau with the P301S mutation. These hexapeptides are essential for the assembly of Tau into filaments. Homozygous mice transgenic for P301S Tau with the hexapeptide deletions, which expressed Tau at a similar level to the heterozygous line transgenic for P301S Tau, had a normal lifespan, unlike mice from the P301S Tau line. The latter had significant levels of sarkosyl-insoluble Tau in brain and spinal cord, and exhibited neurodegeneration. Mice transgenic for P301S Tau with the hexapeptide deletions failed to show significant levels of sarkosyl-insoluble Tau or neurodegeneration. Recombinant P301S Tau with the hexapeptide deletions failed to form β-sheet structure and filaments following incubation with heparin. Taken together, we conclude that β-sheet assembly of human P301S Tau is necessary for neurodegeneration in transgenic mice.
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16
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Merchán-Rubira J, Sebastián-Serrano Á, Díaz-Hernández M, Avila J, Hernández F. Peripheral nervous system effects in the PS19 tau transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:204-208. [PMID: 30677432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that transgenic mice overexpressing human tau protein with P301S mutation driven by the mouse prion protein promoter show clasping and limb retraction, hunched back and paralysis, followed by inability to feed that results in death around 12 months of age. To understand these motor deficits, we have carried out rotarod tests on PS19 line and demonstrated how they worsened during aging. Then, we have analyzed if these phenotypic characteristics correlate with sciatic nerve degeneration. We first demonstrated by western blot and immunohistochemistry that the sciatic nerve expresses the transgenic tau protein; then, electron microscopy studies showed alterations in myelin, mainly a detachment of myelin lamellae at Schmidt-Lanterman clefts. Similar motor deficits and myelin alterations have been previously reported in tau knockout and overexpressing transgenic mice; taking into account that PS19 model is widely used to study tauopathies, we suggest that analyzing the expression of transgenic tau protein and myelin abnormalities in the sciatic nerve should be considered when studying some features as motor performance or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spain.
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17
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Altered interplay between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2328-2337. [PMID: 30659145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810932116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MFN2 gene encoding Mitofusin 2 lead to the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), a dominant axonal form of peripheral neuropathy. Mitofusin 2 is localized at both the outer membrane of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and is particularly enriched at specialized contact regions known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). We observed that expression of MFN2R94Q induces distal axonal degeneration in the absence of overt neuronal death. The presence of mutant protein leads to reduction in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria contacts in CMT2A patient-derived fibroblasts, in primary neurons and in vivo, in motoneurons of a mouse model of CMT2A. These changes are concomitant with endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium handling defects, and changes in the geometry and axonal transport of mitochondria. Importantly, pharmacological treatments reinforcing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk, or reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, restore the mitochondria morphology and prevent axonal degeneration. These results highlight defects in MAM as a cellular mechanism contributing to CMT2A pathology mediated by mutated MFN2.
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18
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Motor deficits in 16-month-old male and female 3xTg-AD mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:305-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Krause Neto W, Silva WDA, Ciena AP, de Souza RR, Anaruma CA, Gama EF. Aging Induces Changes in the Somatic Nerve and Postsynaptic Component without Any Alterations in Skeletal Muscles Morphology and Capacity to Carry Load of Wistar Rats. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:688. [PMID: 29326543 PMCID: PMC5741656 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the morphology of the peripheral nerve, postsynaptic compartment, skeletal muscles and weight-bearing capacity of Wistar rats at specific ages. Twenty rats were divided into groups: 10 months-old (ADULT) and 24 months-old (OLD). After euthanasia, we prepared and analyzed the tibial nerve using transmission electron microscopy and the soleus and plantaris muscles for cytofluorescence and histochemistry. For the comparison of the results between groups we used dependent and independent Student's t-test with level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05. For the tibial nerve, the OLD group presented the following alterations compared to the ADULT group: larger area and diameter of both myelinated fibers and axons, smaller area occupied by myelinated and unmyelinated axons, lower numerical density of myelinated fibers, and fewer myelinated fibers with normal morphology. Both aged soleus and plantaris end-plate showed greater total perimeter, stained perimeter, total area and stained area compared to ADULT group (p < 0.05). Yet, aged soleus end-plate presented greater dispersion than ADULT samples (p < 0.05). For the morphology of soleus and plantaris muscles, density of the interstitial volume was greater in the OLD group (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found between groups in the weight-bearing tests. The results of the present study demonstrated that the aging process induces changes in the peripheral nerve and postsynaptic compartment without any change in skeletal muscles and ability to carry load in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause Neto
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Assis Silva
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Romeu R de Souza
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Anaruma
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Eliane F Gama
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
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