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Zhang J, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Shi Y, Wang Z, Song G. Correlation Between Serum Vitamin E and HOMA-IR in Patients with T2DM. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1833-1843. [PMID: 38680996 PMCID: PMC11055560 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s450738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxidation is one of the important causes of insulin resistance (IR), and vitamin E is a natural antioxidant, and there may be some correlation between serum vitamin E levels and insulin resistance. Purpose The correlation between serum vitamin E and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population. Methods Two hundred and forty-two people (119 with T2DM) were included. One hundred and nineteen patients with T2DM were selected as the case group, and 123 people with non-T2DM were selected as the control group. People insulin resistance was detected by the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR) greater than 2.69 were included in the diabetic insulin resistance group, and those with HOMA-IR less than 2.69 were included in the diabetic non-insulin resistance group. Record the general body indicators, biochemical indicators, hepatic function indicators, vitamin E, and other indicators. Correlation analysis, logistic regression, trend analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were performed using SPSS 25.0 and R 4.1.1 software. Correlation analysis, logistic regression, trend analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were conducted on general body indicators, biochemical indicators, hepatic function indicators, vitamin E, and other indicators. Results The logistic regression results showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, vitamin E was an independent influencing factor for insulin resistance in T2DM patients (P < 0.001). The trend analysis results show that with the decrease of serum vitamin E levels, the risk of insulin resistance in T2DM patients gradually increases. The RCS results showed that the risk of insulin resistance was significantly increased when the serum vitamin E level was lower than 10,575.23 ng/mL. Conclusion Serum vitamin E levels are lower in T2DM patients than in healthy populations; Vitamin E is an independent influencing factor for HOMA-IR in T2DM patients. The risk of insulin resistance gradually increases in T2DM patients as serum vitamin E levels decrease. Vitamin E is a risk factor for insulin resistance at serum vitamin E levels below 10,575.23 ng/mL. At higher serum vitamin E levels than 10,575.23 ng/mL, vitamin E is a protective factor for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihe Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Wang L, Ma C, Wei D, Wang M, Xu Q, Wang J, Song Y, Huo W, Jing T, Wang C, Mao Z. Health risks of neonicotinoids chronic exposure and its association with glucose metabolism: A case-control study in rural China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122213. [PMID: 37467917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Since neonicotinoids (NNIs) are widely used around the world, they are extensively distributed in the environment and frequently occurred in humans. This study was conducted to assess the risk of NNIs residues in vegetables and fruits in Henan province, and evaluate the associations of NNIs single and mixed exposure with glucose metabolism, and further explore whether testosterone mediated these relationships in Henan rural population. The data of vegetables and fruits were collected from Henan Province in 2020-2021, and participants were drawn from the Henan Rural Cohort study. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to assess the risk of exposure to the individual and combined NNIs through vegetables or fruits intake. Relative potency factor (RPF) method was utilized to normalize each NNIs to imidacloprid (IMIRPF). Generalized linear models were used to explore the effects of each NNIs and IMIRPF on glucose metabolism. Weight quartile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were applied to estimate the effect of NNIs mixtures on glucose metabolism. Mediation analysis was employed to explore whether testosterone mediated these relationships. The HQs and HI in both vegetables and fruits were much lower than 1, which indicated that NNIs in vegetables and fruits were not expected to cause significant adverse effects. However, plasma natural logarithm nitenpyram (Ln_NIT), Ln_thiacloprid-amid (Ln_THD-A), and Ln_IMIeq were positively associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.12 (1.05, 1.19), 1.21 (1.10, 1.32), and 1.48 (1.22, 1.80)). Both WQS regression and BKMR models observed significantly positive associations between NNIs mixture exposure and T2DM. Testosterone partially mediated these associations among women (PE = 6.67%). These findings suggest that human NNIs exposure may impair glucose metabolism and could contribute to rising rates of T2DM, and it's necessary to regulate the use of pesticides in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Tao Jing
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Shu L, Du C, Zuo Y. Abnormal phosphorylation of protein tyrosine in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:826-835. [PMID: 37589710 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, are chronic disorders of the CNS that are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction. These diseases have diverse clinical and pathological features and their pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Currently, widely accepted hypotheses include the accumulation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, neurotrophin dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory processes. In the CNS of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, a variety of abnormally phosphorylated proteins play important roles in pathological processes such as neuroinflammation and intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau. In recent years, the roles of abnormal tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules regulated by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in neurodegenerative diseases have attracted increasing attention. Here, we summarize the roles of signaling pathways related to protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and the progress of therapeutic studies targeting PTKs and PTPs that provide theoretical support for future studies on therapeutic strategies for these devastating and important neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Intensive Care Unit, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfu Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Yunxia Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Phua TJ. Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1196648. [PMID: 37384143 PMCID: PMC10293850 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation pathophysiology are closely associated with human age-related carcinogenesis and chronic diseases. However, the connection between hypoxia and hormonal cell signaling pathways is unclear, but such human age-related comorbid diseases do coincide with the middle-aging period of declining sex hormonal signaling. This scoping review evaluates the relevant interdisciplinary evidence to assess the systems biology of function, regulation, and homeostasis in order to discern and decipher the etiology of the connection between hypoxia and hormonal signaling in human age-related comorbid diseases. The hypothesis charts the accumulating evidence to support the development of a hypoxic milieu and oxidative stress-inflammation pathophysiology in middle-aged individuals, as well as the induction of amyloidosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aging-related degeneration. Taken together, this new approach and strategy can provide the clarity of concepts and patterns to determine the causes of declining vascularity hemodynamics (blood flow) and physiological oxygenation perfusion (oxygen bioavailability) in relation to oxygen homeostasis and vascularity that cause hypoxia (hypovascularity hypoxia). The middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis could provide the mechanistic interface connecting the endocrine, nitric oxide, and oxygen homeostasis signaling that is closely linked to the progressive conditions of degenerative hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, and neoplasm. An in-depth understanding of these intrinsic biological processes of the developing middle-aged hypoxia could provide potential new strategies for time-dependent therapies in maintaining healthspan for healthy lifestyle aging, medical cost savings, and health system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J. Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
As men grow older, circulating testosterone concentrations decline, while prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia increase. Epidemiological studies of middle-aged and older men have demonstrated associations of lower testosterone concentrations with higher prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. In observational studies, men with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy had a higher risk of dementia. Small intervention studies of testosterone using different measures of cognitive function have provided inconsistent results, with some suggesting improvement. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of one year's testosterone treatment conducted in 788 men aged ≥ 65 years, baseline testosterone < 9.54 nmol/L, showed an improvement in sexual function, but no improvement in cognitive function. There is a known association between diabetes and dementia risk. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of two year's testosterone treatment in 1,007 men aged 50-74 years, waist circumference ≥ 95 cm, baseline testosterone ≤ 14 nmol/L, showed an effect of testosterone in reducing type 2 diabetes risk. There were no cognitive endpoints in that trial. Additional research is warranted but at this stage lower testosterone concentrations in ageing men should be regarded as a biomarker rather than a proven therapeutic target for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia.
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Chen Y, Li Q, Li X, Liu H, Li P, Hai R, Guo Y, Wang S, Wang K, Du C. Amylin regulates testosterone levels via steroidogenesis-related enzymes in the central nervous system of male mice. Neuropeptides 2022; 96:102288. [PMID: 36279616 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Amylin is a peripheral satiation signal polypeptide co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells in response to nutrient ingestion. Amylin participates in the eating-inhibitory effect and regulates energy metabolism by acting on the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of amylin in regulating the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, such as testosterone, through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) remains unexplored. However, only limited evidence is available on the involvement of amylin in steroid synthesis, we hypothesize that amylin regulates testosterone levels via steroidogenesis-related enzymes in the CNS. In this study, we elucidated the effect of intraperitoneal injection of amylin on the protein expression of steroidogenesis-related enzymes, including 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK). Additionally, the effect of amylin on testosterone levels in male mice was examined. Our results suggested that 3β-HSD and CYP17A1 neurons were widely expressed in the CNS of male mice, whereas StAR neurons were mainly expressed in the zona incerta (ZI) and locus coeruleus (LC) regions. Intraperitoneal injection of amylin significantly reduced (p < 0.01) the expression of 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, and StAR in ZI and other areas near the third ventricle (3 V) but increased (p < 0.01) pERK expression, brain testosterone levels, serum FSH, serum LH, and decreased (p < 0.01) serum testosterone levels in mice. In conclusion, amylin regulates testosterone levels via steroidogenesis-related enzymes in the central nervous system of male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Haodong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Penghui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Rihan Hai
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Chenguang Du
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Li P, Gao Y, Ma X, Zhou S, Guo Y, Xu J, Wang X, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Yuan L. Study on the Association of Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Serum Lipid Profiles With Cognition in Aged Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:846132. [PMID: 35431907 PMCID: PMC9009143 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.846132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between dietary fatty acid (FA) intake and serum lipid profile levels with cognition in the aged population has been reported by previous studies. However, the association of dietary FA intake and serum lipid profile levels with cognition in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is seldom reported. Objective A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the correlation between dietary FA intake and serum lipid profiles with cognition in the aged Chinese population with T2DM. Methods A total of 1,526 aged Chinese subjects were recruited from communities. Fasting blood samples were collected for parameter measurement. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method was applied for a dietary survey. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Dietary FA intake and serum lipid levels were compared between subjects with T2DM and control subjects. A logistic regression analysis was carried out for analyzing the association of FA intake and serum lipid levels with the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in subjects with T2DM and control subjects. Results There was a significant difference in the serum lipid level between the T2DM group and the control group. Results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrated the potential associations of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake with the risk of MCI in subjects with T2DM, but the associations were not observed in control subjects. Conclusion The T2DM phenotype might affect the relationship between dietary FA intake, circulating lipids, and cognitive performance. Large prospective cohort studies are needed to uncover the underlying mechanism of how dietary FA intake and serum lipid levels affect cognition in aged subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Linhong Yuan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bianchi VE. Impact of Testosterone on Alzheimer's Disease. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:243-256. [PMID: 35021306 PMCID: PMC8987133 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease responsible for almost half of all dementia cases in the world and progressively increasing. The etiopathology includes heritability, genetic factors, aging, nutrition, but sex hormones play a relevant role. Animal models demonstrated that testosterone (T) exerted a neuroprotective effect reducing the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ), improving synaptic signaling, and counteracting neuronal death. This study aims to evaluate the impact of T deprivation and T administration in humans on the onset of dementia and AD. A search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus for the “androgen deprivation therapy” and “testosterone therapy” with “dementia” and “Alzheimer’s.” Studies lasting twenty years with low risk of bias, randomized clinical trial, and case-controlled studies were considered. Twelve articles on the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and AD and seventeen on T therapy and AD were retrieved. Men with prostate cancer under ADT showed a higher incidence of dementia and AD. The effect of T administration in hypogonadal men with AD and cognitive impairment has evidenced some positive results. The majority of studies showed the T administration improved memory and cognition in AD while others did not find any benefit. Although some biases in the studies are evident, T therapy for AD patients may represent an essential clinical therapy to reduce dementia incidence and AD progression. However, more specific case-controlled trials on the effect of androgens therapy in men and women to reducing the onset of AD are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Emanuele Bianchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center Stella Maris, Falciano, San Marino, Italy.
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Radaghdam S, Karamad V, Nourazarian A, Shademan B, Khaki-Khatibi F, Nikanfar M. Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136221. [PMID: 34500000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain disorder characterized by various pathological changes in the brain. Numerous studies have shown that sex hormones are involved in the disease. For instance, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone are well-known steroid sex hormones that play an essential role in AD pathogenesis. The Gender-dependency of AD is attributed to the effect of these hormones on the brain, which plays a neuroprotective role. In recent years, much research has been performed on the protective role of these hormones against nerve cell damage, which are promising for AD management. Hence, in the current review, we aim to decipher the protective role of steroid hormones in AD. Accordingly, we will discuss their functional mechanisms at the genomic and non-genomic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Radaghdam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Karamad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li JZ, Hao XH, Wu HP, Li M, Liu XM, Wu ZB. An enriched environment delays the progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1320. [PMID: 34630674 PMCID: PMC8495563 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that middle-aged (5-6 months of age) senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice can be used as animal models of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). An enriched environment (EE) can mitigate cognitive decline and decrease the pathological changes associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, the learning-memory abilities of SAMP8 mice during the MCI phase (5 months of age) was evaluated and neuropathological changes in the hippocampus were examined after the mice were exposed to an EE for 60 days. In the Morris water maze test, EE-exposed mice demonstrated significantly decreased escape latency and increased time spent in the target quadrant and number of platform crossings compared with control mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Nissl staining showed that EE-exposed mice had reduced neuronal apoptosis and increased number of surviving neurons compared with control mice. Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that EE-exposed mice exhibited increased dendritic spine densities among secondary and tertiary apical dendrites; increases in synaptic numerical density, synaptic surface density, and expression of synaptophysin; and reduced deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) and expression of amyloid-precursor protein (APP) in the hippocampal CA1 region compared with control mice. These results demonstrate that EE exposure effectively decreases neuronal loss and regulates neuronal synaptic plasticity by reducing the expression of APP and the deposition of Aβ in the hippocampal CA1 region, thereby mitigating cognitive decline in SAMP8 mice during the MCI phase and delaying the progression from MCI to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shangxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Hao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shangxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ping Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shangxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shangxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Min Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shangxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shangxi 046000, P.R. China
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Cyperus esculentus L. and Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg. Supplemented Diet Improved Testosterone Levels, Modulated Ectonucleotidases and Adenosine Deaminase Activities in Platelets from L-NAME-Stressed Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103529. [PMID: 34684530 PMCID: PMC8541559 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In hypertensive individuals, platelet morphology and function have been discovered to be altered, and this has been linked to the development of vascular disease, including erectile dysfunction (ED). The impact of nutritional supplementation with Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut, TN) and Tetracarpidium conophorum (walnut, WN) on androgen levels, ectonucleotidases, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in platelets from L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) challenged rats were investigated. We hypothesized that these nuts may show a protective effect on platelets aggregation and possibly enhance the sex hormones, thereby reverting vasoconstriction. Wistar rats (male; 250-300 g; n = 10) were grouped into seven groups as follows: basal diet control group (I); basal diet/L-NAME/Viagra (5 mg/kg/day) as positive control group (II); ED-induced group (basal diet/L-NAME) (III); diet supplemented processed TN (20%)/L-NAME (IV); diet supplemented raw TN (20%)/L-NAME (V); diet supplemented processed WN (20%)/L-NAME (VI); and diet supplemented raw WN (20%)/L-NAME (VII). The rats were given their regular diet for 2 weeks prior to actually receiving L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) for ten days to induce hypertension. Platelet androgen levels, ectonucleotidases, and ADA were all measured. L-NAME considerably lowers testosterone levels (54.5 ± 2.2; p < 0.05). Supplementing the TN and WN diets revealed improved testosterone levels as compared to the control (306.7 ± 5.7), but luteinizing hormone levels remained unchanged. Compared to control groups, the L-NAME-treated group showed a rise in ATP (127.5%) hydrolysis and ADA (116.7%) activity, and also a decrease in ADP (76%) and AMP (45%) hydrolysis. Both TN and WN supplemented diets resulted in substantial (p < 0.05) reversal effects. Enhanced testosterone levels and modulation of the purinergic system in platelets by TN and WN could be one of the mechanisms by which they aid in vasoconstriction control.
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Wang L, Liu X, Wei D, Kang N, Nie L, Liu P, Fan K, Zhang L, Hou J, Li X, Xu S, Jing T, Li W, Wang C, Mao Z, Huo W. The mediation role of SOCS3 methylation in the effect of serum testosterone on type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes 2021; 13:701-712. [PMID: 33576141 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that testosterone and DNA methylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) were associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Testosterone affects SOCS3 gene expression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how the SOCS3 methylation mediates the relationship between testosterone and T2D among Chinese rural adults. METHODS A case-control study comprised 365 T2D patients and 651 controls was conducted. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and MethylTarget were used to determine the levels of serum testosterone and DNA methylation of SOCS3 gene, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of testosterone or SOCS3 methylation for T2D was calculated using logistic regression models, and β value of testosterone for SOCS3 methylation was evaluated by linear regression models. Furthermore, through mediation analysis the mediating effect of SOCS3 methylation on the association of testosterone with T2D was estimated. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple variables, the protective effect of testosterone on T2D was found in men (OR = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-0.80), and the methylation of Chr17:76356190 or Chr17:76356199 was negatively related to T2D in both men and women. Moreover, testosterone was positively associated with Chr17:76356190 methylation in men and Chr17:76356199 methylation in women (both P < .05). The mediation analysis showed that the Chr17:76356190 methylation partly mediated effect of testosterone on T2D in men was approximately 8.2%. CONCLUSIONS High levels of serum testosterone in men and Chr17:76356190 and Chr17:76356199 (SOCS3) methylation were related to a lower prevalent T2D. In addition, Chr17:76356190 methylation partially mediated the effect of testosterone on T2D in Chinese rural men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaotiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Jing
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang D, Cai Q, Wang S, Meng X, Huang G. Intranasal 15d-PGJ2 ameliorates brain glucose hypometabolism via PPARγ-dependent activation of PGC-1α/GLUT4 signalling in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108685. [PMID: 34175325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the common molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease (AD), including dysregulation of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation, might be an efficient treatment strategy for AD. Previous studies have shown that 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an endogenous PPARγ agonist, has anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitizing and anti-diabetic effects. However, whether 15d-PGJ2 has beneficial effects on AD remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that intranasal administration of 15d-PGJ2 (300 ng/30 μL/day) for 3 months significantly inhibited Aβ plaques, suppressed neuroinflammation, and attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Interestingly, 15d-PGJ2 treatment could increase brain glucose uptake, as detected by 18F-FDG microPET imaging, and co-localization of GLUT4 and NeuN in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 markedly increased the expression of PPARγ and PGC-1α, upregulated GLUT4, and decreased the phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser616) in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, co-administration of a PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abrogated these protective effects of 15d-PGJ2. Collectively, intranasal 15d-PGJ2 conferred protective effects against AD by activating PPARγ-dependent PGC-1α/GLUT4 signalling. The PPARγ agonist 15d-PGJ2 might be a potential therapeutic drug for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yueyang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Yanta Westroad, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Westroad, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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14
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Oliver DMA, Reddy PH. Molecular Basis of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Mitochondria. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:S95-S116. [PMID: 30932888 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. With the increased aging population, AD is a major health concern in society. Morphological and pathological studies revealed that AD is associated with the loss of synapses, defective mitochondria, and the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and microglia, in addition to the presence amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau in learning and memory regions of the brain in AD patients. AD occurs in two forms: early-onset familial and late-onset sporadic. Genetic mutations in APP, PS1, and PS2 loci cause familial AD. Multiple factors are reported to be involved in late-onset AD, including APOE4 genotype, polymorphisms in several gene loci and type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and age-related factors, including increased reactive oxygen species production and dysfunction in mitochondria. It is widely accepted that synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are early events in disease process. The purpose of this article is to highlight molecular triggers to the disease process. This article also reviews factors, including age, gender, lifestyle, epigenetic factors, and type 2 diabetes, that are involved in late-onset AD. This article also discusses recent developments in research of mitochondrial structure, function, physiology, dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial DNA changes in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryll M A Oliver
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
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15
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Chitre NM, Moniri NH, Murnane KS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Druggable Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:735-749. [PMID: 31724519 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191114093749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly associated with a complex pattern of pathophysiological hallmarks, including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which makes their treatment challenging. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (O3FA) are natural products with reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These effects have been attributed to their incorporation into neuronal membranes or through the activation of intracellular or recently discovered cell-surface receptors (i.e., Free-Fatty Acid Receptors; FFAR). Molecular docking studies have investigated the roles of O3FA as agonists of FFAR and have led to the development of receptor-specific targeted agonists for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, novel formulation strategies for targeted delivery of O3FA to the brain have supported their development as therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of O3FA for several neuroprotective functions, they are currently only available as unregulated dietary supplements, with only a single FDA-approved prescription product, indicated for triglyceride reduction. This review highlights the relative safety and efficacy of O3FA, their drug-like properties, and their capacity to be formulated in clinically viable drug delivery systems. Interestingly, the presence of cardiac conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia is associated with brain pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation, thereby further suggesting potential therapeutic roles of O3FA for neurodegenerative disorders. Taken together, this review article summarizes and integrates the compelling evidence regarding the feasibility of developing O3FA and their synthetic derivatives as potential drugs for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Chitre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin S Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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Blom DJ, Chen J, Yuan Z, Borges JLC, Monsalvo ML, Wang N, Hamer AW, Ge J. Effects of evolocumab therapy and low LDL-C levels on vitamin E and steroid hormones in Chinese and global patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00123. [PMID: 32318641 PMCID: PMC7170461 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We assessed the change from baseline in vitamin E, steroid hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and gonadotropins, overall and by lowest achieved low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia after 12 weeks of treatment with evolocumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prespecified analysis of vitamin E, cortisol, ACTH, gonadal hormones and gonadotropins in the 12-week, placebo-controlled BERSON trial of evolocumab in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. In BERSON, 981 (451 in China) patients on daily atorvastatin 20 mg were randomized to placebo or one of two doses of evolocumab. We measured analyte levels at baseline and week 12 (vitamin E in all patients; steroid/gonadal hormones only in Chinese patients). RESULTS In both the global and Chinese populations, absolute vitamin E levels decreased from baseline to week 12 by approximately 6 μmol/L (P < .0001) among evolocumab-treated patients; however, when normalized for LDL-C, apoB or non-HDL-C, we observed no decrease in vitamin E levels. In Chinese patients, levels of cortisol and ACTH as well as the cortisol:ACTH ratio did not change significantly from baseline to week 12. No patient had a cortisol:ACTH ratio <3.0 (nmol/pmol), suggestive of adrenocortical deficiency. We did not observe clinically relevant changes for gonadal hormones and gonadotropins (oestradiol and testosterone in female and male patients, respectively, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones for both). CONCLUSIONS In the BERSON study, evolocumab did not adversely affect vitamin E, steroid hormone or gonadotropin levels in the Chinese or global type 2 diabetic populations.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02662569.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong General HospitalGuangzhouChina
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | | | | | | | | | - Junbo Ge
- Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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17
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He Z, Han S, Zhu H, Hu X, Li X, Hou C, Wu C, Xie Q, Li N, Du X, Ni J, Liu Q. The Protective Effect of Vanadium on Cognitive Impairment and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease in APPSwe/PS1dE9 Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:21. [PMID: 32210760 PMCID: PMC7077345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widely distributed neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by cognitive deficits and pathologically by formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Vanadium is a biological trace element that has a function to mimic insulin for diabetes. Bis(ethylmaltolato) oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV) has been reported to have a hypoglycemic property, but its effect on AD remains unclear. In this study, BEOV was supplemented at doses of 0.2 and 1.0 mmol/L to the AD model mice APPSwe/PS1dE9 for 3 months. The results showed that BEOV substantially ameliorated glucose metabolic disorder as well as synaptic and behavioral deficits of the AD mice. Further investigation revealed that BEOV significantly reduced Aβ generation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and insulin-degrading enzyme and by decreasing β-secretase 1 in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice. BEOV also reduced tau hyperphosphorylation by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B and regulating the pathway of insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Furthermore, BEOV could enhance autophagolysosomal fusion and restore autophagic flux to increase the clearance of Aβ deposits and phosphorylated tau in the brains of AD mice. Collectively, the present study provides solid data for revealing the function and mechanism of BEOV on AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangxue Han
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaofan Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingguo Xie
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Caveolin: A New Link Between Diabetes and AD. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1059-1066. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Cai Z, Li H. An Updated Review: Androgens and Cognitive Impairment in Older Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:586909. [PMID: 33281745 PMCID: PMC7691320 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.586909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are some of the most important sex hormones in men, and they maintain important physiological activities in the human body. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common manifestations of aging in the elderly population and an important factor affecting the quality of life of elderly individuals. The levels of sex hormones in elderly people decrease with age, and low levels of androgens in older male individuals have been closely linked to the development of cognitive impairment. Basic studies have shown that androgens have neuroprotective effects and that androgen deficiency impairs cognitive function by increasing oxidative stress and decreasing synaptic plasticity, among other effects. Additionally, clinical studies have also shown that androgen deficiency is closely related to cognitive impairment. This article reviews the relationship between low androgen levels and cognitive impairment, their potential mechanisms, and the effects of testosterone supplementation in improving cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Banihani SA. Mechanisms of honey on testosterone levels. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02029. [PMID: 31321328 PMCID: PMC6612531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is an anabolic steroid and the principal sex hormone in males. Maintaining adequate levels of testosterone throughout the life span of male is very desirable, especially it is now well-known that low levels of testosterone is associated with various aging diseases/disorders. Therefore, still, so many research studies have focused on enhancing serum levels of testosterone in males. Here, we intended to systematically discuss and present the impact of honey on serum levels of testosterone in males. This was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases for research articles from May 1993 through April 2019 using the keywords “honey” and “honeybee” versus “testosterone”. Moreover, references from relevant published articles were also reviewed and cited to frame an integral discussion, conclusion, and future research needs. In conclusion, the collective evidence, which is mainly based on in vivo system studies, reveals that oral administration of honey increases serum testosterone level in males. Mechanistically, honey may increase serum level of testosterone by increasing the production of luteinizing hormone, enhancing the viability of Leydig cells, reducing oxidative damage in Leydig cells, enhancing StAR gene expression, and inhibiting aromatase activity in the testes. However, further research studies on humans, mainly clinical trials, in this specific research approach are still needed to confirm the effect of honey on testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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21
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Yan XS, Yang ZJ, Jia JX, Song W, Fang X, Cai ZP, Huo DS, Wang H. Protective mechanism of testosterone on cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:649-657. [PMID: 30632505 PMCID: PMC6352583 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is strongly associated with a reduction in synaptic plasticity, which may be induced by oxidative stress. Testosterone is beneficial in learning and memory, although the underlying protective mechanism of testosterone on cognitive performance remains unclear. This study explored the protective mechanism of a subcutaneous injection of 0.75 mg testosterone on cognitive dysfunction induced by bilateral injections of amyloid beta 1-42 oligomers into the lateral ventricles of male rats. Morris water maze test results demonstrated that testosterone treatment remarkably reduced escape latency and path length in Alzheimer's disease rat models. During probe trials, testosterone administration significantly elevated the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings. However, flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, inhibited the protective effect of testosterone on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease rat models. Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, western blot assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the number of intact hippocampal pyramidal cells, the dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 region, the immune response and expression level of postsynaptic density protein 95 in the hippocampus, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were increased with testosterone treatment. In contrast, testosterone treatment reduced malondialdehyde levels. Flutamide inhibited the effects of testosterone on all of these indicators. Our data showed that the protective effect of testosterone on cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is mediated via androgen receptors to scavenge free radicals, thereby enhancing synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Sheng Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Xin Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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22
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Association of Glucose Fluctuations with Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030319. [PMID: 30845785 PMCID: PMC6463152 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus accelerates loss of muscle mass and strength. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) also show these conditions, even in the early stages of AD. The mechanism linking glucose management with these muscle changes has not been elucidated but has implications for clarifying these associations and developing preventive strategies to maintain functional capacity. This study included 69 type 2 diabetes patients with a diagnosis of cognitive impairment (n = 32) and patients with normal cognition (n = 37). We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in diabetes patients with and without cognitive impairment and examined the association of glucose alterations with sarcopenia. Daily glucose levels were evaluated using self-monitoring of blood glucose, and we focused on the effects of glucose fluctuations, postprandial hyperglycemia, and the frequency of hypoglycemia on sarcopenia. Diabetes patients with cognitive impairment displayed a high prevalence of sarcopenia, and glucose fluctuations were independently associated with sarcopenia, even after adjusting for glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and associated factors. In particular, glucose fluctuations were significantly associated with a low muscle mass, low grip strength, and slow walking speed. Our observation suggests the importance of glucose management by considering glucose fluctuations to prevent the development of disability.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph N Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Moser VA, Christensen A, Liu J, Zhou A, Yagi S, Beam CR, Galea L, Pike CJ. Effects of aging, high-fat diet, and testosterone treatment on neural and metabolic outcomes in male brown Norway rats. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 73:145-160. [PMID: 30359877 PMCID: PMC6252085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is affected by multiple factors, including aging, obesity, and low testosterone. We previously showed that obesity and low testosterone independently and interactively exacerbate AD-related outcomes in young adult rodents. The goals of the present study are two-fold: to examine whether the effects of an obesogenic diet differ with increasing age and to determine if testosterone treatment in middle-aged and aged animals mitigates negative effects of the diet. Male brown Norway rats were maintained on control or high-fat diets for 12 weeks beginning in young adulthood, middle age, or advanced age. Separate cohorts of middle-aged and aged animals were treated with testosterone during dietary manipulations. Endpoints included metabolic indices, inflammation, cognitive performance, and neural health outcomes. Aging was associated with poorer outcomes that were generally exacerbated by high-fat diet, especially at middle age. Testosterone treatment was largely without benefit, exerting only subtle effects on a select number of measures. Understanding how the deleterious effects of obesity are affected by advancing age and the ability of protective strategies such as testosterone to reduce these effects may provide significant insight into both the development and prevention of age-related cognitive decline and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alexandra Moser
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Christensen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Zhou
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shunya Yagi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Christopher R Beam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liisa Galea
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Christian J Pike
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Espeland MA, Carmichael O, Yasar S, Hugenschmidt C, Hazzard W, Hayden KM, Rapp SR, Neiberg R, Johnson KC, Hoscheidt S, Mielke MM. Sex-related differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1184-1192. [PMID: 30201101 PMCID: PMC6338071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity may increase risks for cognitive decline as individuals age. It is unknown whether this results in different prevalences of cognitive impairment for women and men. METHODS The Action for Health in Diabetes, a randomized controlled clinical trial of a 10-year intensive lifestyle intervention, adjudicated cases of cross-sectional cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment or dementia) 10-13 years after enrollment in 3802 individuals (61% women). RESULTS The cross-sectional prevalences of cognitive impairment were 8.3% (women) and 14.8% (men): adjusted odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval [0.43, 0.71], P < .001. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle risk factors varied between women and men but did not account for this difference, which was limited to individuals without apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 alleles (interaction P = .034). CONCLUSIONS Among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, traditional risk factors did not account for the lower prevalence of cognitive impairment observed in women compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | | | - Sevil Yasar
- Departrment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - William Hazzard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Neiberg
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Siobhan Hoscheidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Anti-diabetic vanadyl complexes reduced Alzheimer's disease pathology independent of amyloid plaque deposition. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:126-139. [PMID: 30136058 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Association of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with cerebral glucose hypometabolism, likely due to impairments of insulin signaling, has been reported recently, with encouraging results when additional insulin is provided to AD patients. Here, we tested the potential effects of the anti-diabetic vanadium, vanadyl (IV) acetylacetonate (VAC), on AD in vitro and in vivo models. The experimental results showed that VAC at sub-micromolar concentrations improved the viability of neural cells with or without increased β-amyloid (Aβ) burden; and in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, VAC treatment (0.1 mmol kg-1 d-1) preserved cognitive function and attenuated neuron loss, but did not reduce brain Aβ plaques. Further studies revealed that VAC attenuated Aβ pathogenesis by (i) activation of the PPARγ-AMPK signal transduction pathway, leading to improved glucose and energy metabolism; (ii) up-regulation of the expression of glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75), thus suppressing p53-mediated neuronal apoptosis under Aβ-related stresses; and (iii) decreasing toxic soluble Aβ peptides. Overall, our work suggested that vanadyl complexes may have great potential for effective therapeutic treatment of AD.
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