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Strnadová V, Karnošová A, Blechová M, Neprašová B, Holá L, Němcová A, Myšková A, Sýkora D, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Search for lipidized PrRP analogs with strong anorexigenic effect: In vitro and in vivo studies. Neuropeptides 2023; 98:102319. [PMID: 36669365 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is an anorexigenic neuropeptide that attenuates food intake and increases energy expenditure. We designed three series of new lipidized PrRP31 analogs of different lengths of fatty acids attached at amino acids 1 or 11 directly or via linkers, part of them acetylated at the N-terminus and/or modified with dichlorophenylalanine (PheCl2) at the C-terminus. We tested their affinity for and activation of signaling pathways relevant to receptors GPR10, NPFF-R2, and NPFF-R1, effect on food intake in fasted or freely fed mice and rats, and stability in rat plasma. We aimed to select a strong dual GPR10/NPFF-R2 agonist whose affinity for NPFF-1 was not enhanced. The selected potent analog was then tested for body weight-lowering potency after chronic administration in mice with diet-induced obesity. PrRP31 analogs lipidized by monocarboxylic fatty acids showed strong dual affinity for both GPR10 and NPFF-R2 and activated MAPK/ERK1/2, Akt and CREB in cells overexpressing GPR10 and NPFF-R2. The selected analog stabilized at N- and C-termini and palmitoylated through the TTDS linker to Lys11 is a powerful dual agonist GPR10/NPFF-R2 at not enhanced affinity for NPFF-R1. It showed strong anti-obesity properties in mice with diet-induced obesity and became a potential compound for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Karnošová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 121 08, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Blechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Neprašová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Holá
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 121 08, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Němcová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Myšková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Alaei S, Goodarzi P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue and alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:91-107. [PMID: 36322277 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disability. The two histopathological hallmarks in this disease are the extraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite this, central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, such as abnormal brain signaling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired glucose utilization, have been indicated to be correlated with AD. There is solid evidence that the age-associated thermoregulatory deficit induces diverse metabolic changes associated with AD development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been known as a thermoregulatory organ particularly vital during infancy. However, in recent years, BAT has been accepted as an endocrine organ, being involved in various functions that prevent AD, such as regulating energy metabolism, secreting hormones, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose utilization in adult humans. This review focuses on the mechanisms of BAT activation and the effect of aging on BAT production and signaling. Specifically, the evidence demonstrating the effect of BAT on pathological mechanisms influencing the development of AD, including insulin pathway, thermoregulation, and other hormonal pathways, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mengr A, Hrubá L, Exnerová A, Holubová M, Popelová A, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Palmitoylated prolactin-releasing peptide reduced Aβ plaques and microgliosis in the cerebellum: APP/PS1 mice study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:607-622. [PMID: 34551697 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210922110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a potential drug for the treatment of obesity and associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its strong anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties. In our recent study, the lipidized PrRP analog palm11-PrRP31 was proven to exert beneficial effects in APP/PS1 mice, a model of Alzheimer´s disease (AD)-like amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, reducing the Aβ plaque load, microgliosis and astrocytosis in the hippocampus and cortex. OBJECTIVE In this study, we focused on the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of palm11-PrRP31 and its possible impact on synaptogenesis in the cerebellum of APP/PS1 mice, because others have suggested that cerebellar Aβ plaques contribute to cognitive deficits in AD. METHODS APP/PS1 mice were treated subcutaneously with palm11-PrRP31 for 2 months, then immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify pathological markers connected to AD, compared to control mice. RESULTS In the cerebella of 8 months old APP/PS1 mice, we found widespread Aβ plaques surrounded by activated microglia detected by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1), but no increase in astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) compared to controls. Interestingly, no difference in both presynaptic markers syntaxin1A and postsynaptic marker spinophilin was registered between APP/PS1 and control mice. Palm11-PrRP31 treatment significantly reduced the Aβ plaque load and microgliosis in the cerebellum. Furthermore, palm11-PrRP31 increased synaptogenesis and attenuated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest palm11-PrRP31 is a promising agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mengr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hrubá
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Exnerová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Martina Holubová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Popelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
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Cellular Signaling and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Prolactin-Releasing Peptide and Its Analog on SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176343. [PMID: 32882929 PMCID: PMC7503370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), a natural ligand for the GPR10 receptor, is a neuropeptide with anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties. Due to its role in the regulation of food intake, PrRP is a potential drug for obesity treatment and associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, the neuroprotective effects of lipidized PrRP analogs have been proven. In this study, we focused on the molecular mechanisms of action of natural PrRP31 and its lipidized analog palm11-PrRP31 in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y to describe their cellular signaling and possible anti-apoptotic properties. PrRP31 significantly upregulated the phosphoinositide-3 kinase-protein kinase B/Akt (PI3K-PKB/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein (ERK-CREB) signaling pathways that promote metabolic cell survival and growth. In addition, we proved via protein kinase inhibitors that activation of signaling pathways is mediated specifically by PrRP31 and its palmitoylated analog. Furthermore, the potential neuroprotective properties were studied through activation of anti-apoptotic pathways of PrRP31 and palm11-PrRP31 using the SH-SY5Y cell line and rat primary neuronal culture stressed with toxic methylglyoxal (MG). The results indicate increased viability of the cells treated with PrRP and palm11-PrRP31 and a reduced degree of apoptosis induced by MG, suggesting their potential use in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Zhang R, Luan J, Hu F, Lv J, Zhang J, Li K, Guo H, Cheng J, Chen P, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Gou X. Effect of (m)RVD-hemopressin against Aβ1-42-induced apoptosis and inhibition of neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells. Neuropeptides 2020; 81:102044. [PMID: 32241604 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease. Senile plaques (SPs) in the extracellular space and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the intracellular areas of the brain are two typical features of AD. SPs and NFTs are composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and hyperphosphorylated Tau, respectively. (m)RVD-hemopressin (RVD), which is derived from mouse brain peptide, binds to the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) as an agonist. Our previous study indicated that RVD reversed Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in mice. Here, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of RVD on Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in retinoic acid-differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability and neurite outgrowth were investigated by live cell imaging and analysis instrument. We found that RVD reversed Aβ1-42-induced Tau phosphorylation, apoptosis and suppression of neurite outgrowth and the synapse-associated protein postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) by inhibiting the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). Combined treatment with AM251 (a CB1R antagonist) blocked the effects of RVD. In conclusion, RVD may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jing Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiaming Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jieyuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Kang Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianghong Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei province, China.
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Prolactin-Releasing Peptide: Physiological and Pharmacological Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215297. [PMID: 31653061 PMCID: PMC6862262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) belongs to the large RF-amide neuropeptide family with a conserved Arg-Phe-amide motif at the C-terminus. PrRP plays a main role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. This review focuses not only on the physiological functions of PrRP, but also on its pharmacological properties and the actions of its G-protein coupled receptor, GPR10. Special attention is paid to structure-activity relationship studies on PrRP and its analogs as well as to their effect on different physiological functions, mainly their anorexigenic and neuroprotective features and the regulation of the cardiovascular system, pain, and stress. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of this peptide and its analogs is explored.
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