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Fields M, Marcuzzi A, Gonelli A, Celeghini C, Maximova N, Rimondi E. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants, an Innovative Class of Antioxidant Compounds for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043739. [PMID: 36835150 PMCID: PMC9960436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a wide spectrum of pathologies characterized by progressive loss of neuronal functions and structures. Despite having different genetic backgrounds and etiology, in recent years, many studies have highlighted a point of convergence in the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration: mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been observed in different pathologies, and their detrimental effects on neurons contribute to the exacerbation of the pathological phenotype at various degrees. In this context, increasing relevance has been acquired by antioxidant therapies, with the purpose of restoring mitochondrial functions in order to revert the neuronal damage. However, conventional antioxidants were not able to specifically accumulate in diseased mitochondria, often eliciting harmful effects on the whole body. In the last decades, novel, precise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed and studied, both in vitro and in vivo, to address the need to counter the oxidative stress in mitochondria and restore the energy supply and membrane potentials in neurons. In this review, we focus on the activity and therapeutic perspectives of MitoQ, SkQ1, MitoVitE and MitoTEMPO, the most studied compounds belonging to the class of MTA conjugated to lipophilic cations, in order to reach the mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natalia Maximova
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Rey F, Messa L, Maghraby E, Casili G, Ottolenghi S, Barzaghini B, Raimondi MT, Cereda C, Cuzzocrea S, Zuccotti G, Esposito E, Paterniti I, Carelli S. Oxygen Sensing in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Mechanisms, Implication of Transcriptional Response, and Pharmacological Modulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:160-182. [PMID: 35793106 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Oxygen (O2) sensing is the fundamental process through which organisms respond to changes in O2 levels. Complex networks exist allowing the maintenance of O2 levels through the perception, capture, binding, transport, and delivery of molecular O2. The brain extreme sensitivity to O2 balance makes the dysregulation of related processes crucial players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this study, we wish to review the most relevant advances in O2 sensing in relation to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent Advances: Over the years, it has been clarified that most NDs share common pathways, a great number of which are in relation to O2 imbalance. These include hypoxia, hyperoxia, reactive oxygen species production, metabolism of metals, protein misfolding, and neuroinflammation. Critical Issues: There is still a gap in knowledge concerning how O2 sensing plays a role in the above indicated neurodegenerations. Specifically, O2 concentrations are perceived in body sites that are not limited to the brain, but primarily reside in other organs. Moreover, the mechanisms of O2 sensing, gene expression, and signal transduction seem to correlate with neurodegeneration, but many aspects are mechanistically still unexplained. Future Directions: Future studies should focus on the precise characterization of O2 level disruption and O2 sensing mechanisms in NDs. Moreover, advances need to be made also concerning the techniques used to assess O2 sensing dysfunctions in these diseases. There is also the need to develop innovative therapies targeting this precise mechanism rather than its secondary effects, as early intervention is necessary. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 160-182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Messa
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Bianca Barzaghini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Department of Women, Mothers and Neonatal Care, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi," Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi," Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Fehling P, Buckenmaier K, Dobrynin SA, Morozov DA, Polienko YF, Khoroshunova YV, Borozdina Y, Mayer P, Engelmann J, Scheffler K, Angelovski G, Kirilyuk IA. The effects of nitroxide structure upon 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization efficacy at ultralow-field. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144203. [PMID: 34654311 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy in 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization in liquids at ultralow magnetic field (ULF, B0 = 92 ± 0.8 µT) and polarization field (Bp = 1-10 mT) was studied for a broad variety of 26 different spin probes. Among others, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrroline radicals specifically synthesized for this study, along with some well-established commercially available nitroxides, were investigated. Isotope-substituted variants, some sterically shielded reduction-resistant nitroxides, and some biradicals were included in the measurements. The maximal achievable enhancement, Emax, and the radio frequency power, P1/2, needed for reaching Emax/2 were measured. Physico-chemical features such as molecular weight, spectral linewidth, heterocyclic structure, different types of substituents, deuteration, and 15N-labeling as well as the difference between monoradicals and biradicals were investigated. For the unmodified nitroxide radicals, the Emax values correlate with the molecular weight. The P1/2 values correlate with the spectral linewidth and are additionally influenced by the type of substituents neighboring the nitroxide group. The nitroxide biradicals with high intramolecular spin-spin coupling show low performance. Nitroxides enriched with 15N and/or 2H afford significantly higher |Emax| and require lower power to do so, compared to their unmodified counterparts containing at natural abundance predominantly 14N and 1H. The results allow for a correlation of chemical features with physical hyperpolarization-related properties and indicate that small nitroxides with narrow spectral lines have clear advantages for the use in Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. Perdeuteration and 15N-labeling can be used to additionally boost the spin probe performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fehling
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergey A Dobrynin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis A Morozov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuliya F Polienko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia V Khoroshunova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Borozdina
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörn Engelmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Goran Angelovski
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Weaver J, Liu KJ. A Review of Low-Frequency EPR Technology for the Measurement of Brain pO2 and Oxidative Stress. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 52:1379-1394. [PMID: 35340811 PMCID: PMC8945541 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
EPR can uniquely measure paramagnetic species. Although commercial EPR was introduced in 1950s, the early studies were mostly restricted to chemicals in solution or cellular experiments using X-band EPR equipment. Due to its limited penetration (<1 mm), experiments with living animals were almost impossible. To overcome these difficulties, Swartz group, along with several other leaders in field, pioneered the technology of low frequency EPR (e.g., L-band, 1-2 GHz). The development of low frequency EPR and the associated probes have dramatically expanded the application of EPR technology into the biomedical research field, providing answers to important scientific questions by measuring specific parameters that are impossible or very difficult to obtain by other approaches. In this review, which is aimed at highlighting the seminal contribution from Swartz group over the last several decades, we will focus on the development of EPR technology that was designed to deal with the potential challenges arising from conducting EPR spectroscopy in living animals. The second half of the review will be concentrated on the application of low frequency EPR in measuring cerebral tissue pO2 changes and oxidative stress in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions in the brain of animal disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Weaver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Samouilov A, Komarov D, Petryakov S, Iosilevich A, Zweier JL. Development of an L-band resonator optimized for fast scan EPR imaging of the mouse head. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2316-2327. [PMID: 33938574 PMCID: PMC8295191 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel resonator for high-quality fast scan electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and EPR/NMR co-imaging of the head and brain of mice at 1.25 GHz. METHODS Resonator dimensions were scaled to fit the mouse head with maximum filling factor. A single-loop 6-gap resonator of 20 mm diameter and 20 mm length was constructed. High resonator stability was achieved utilizing a fixed position double coupling loop. Symmetrical mutually inverted connections rendered it insensitive to field modulation and fast scan. Coupling adjustment was provided by a parallel-connected variable capacitor located at the feeding line at λ/4 distance. To minimize radiation loss, the shield around the resonator was supplemented with a planar conductive disc that focuses return magnetic flux. RESULTS Coupling of the resonator loaded with the mouse head was efficient and easy. This resonator enabled high-quality in vivo 3D EPR imaging of the mouse head following intravenous infusion of nitroxide probes. With this resonator and rapid scan EPR system, 4 ms scans were acquired in forward and reverse directions so that images with 2-scan 3,136 projections were acquired in 25 s. Head images were achieved with resolutions of 0.4 mm, enabling visualization of probe localization and uptake across the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSIONS This resonator design provides good sensitivity, high stability, and B1 field homogeneity for in vivo fast scan EPR of the mouse head and brain, enabling faster measurements and higher resolution imaging of probe uptake, localization, and metabolism than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Samouilov
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Denis Komarov
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sergey Petryakov
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Arkadiy Iosilevich
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Le Gal K, Wiel C, Ibrahim MX, Henricsson M, Sayin VI, Bergo MO. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO Do Not Influence BRAF-Driven Malignant Melanoma and KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer Progression in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020163. [PMID: 33499262 PMCID: PMC7912553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells produce high levels of mitochondria-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules, but also promote cell signaling and proliferation. Therefore, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been suggested to be useful in anti-cancer therapy, but no studies have convincingly addressed this question. Here, we administered the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO to mice with BRAF-induced malignant melanoma and KRAS-induced lung cancer, and found that these compounds had no impact on the number of primary tumors and metastases; and did not influence mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage levels. Moreover, MitoQ and MitoTEMPO did not influence proliferation of human melanoma and lung cancer cell lines. MitoQ and its control substance dTPP, but not MitoTEMPO, increased glycolytic rates and reduced respiration in melanoma cells; whereas only dTPP produced this effect in lung cancer cells. Our results do not support the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for anti-cancer monotherapy, at least not in malignant melanoma and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristell Le Gal
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (K.L.G.); (C.W.); (V.I.S.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (K.L.G.); (C.W.); (V.I.S.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 123 43 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Mohamed X. Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 123 43 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Wallenberg laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Volkan I. Sayin
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (K.L.G.); (C.W.); (V.I.S.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O. Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 123 43 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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Yokokawa K, Iwahara N, Hisahara S, Emoto MC, Saito T, Suzuki H, Manabe T, Matsumura A, Matsushita T, Suzuki S, Kawamata J, Sato-Akaba H, Fujii HG, Shimohama S. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Amyloid-β Pathology by Modifying Microglial Function and Suppressing Oxidative Stress. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:867-884. [PMID: 31640102 PMCID: PMC6918908 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are increasingly being studied as a source of cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, and several groups have reported their beneficial effects on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study using AD model mice (APdE9), we found that transplantation of MSC via the tail vein improved spatial memory in the Morris water maze test. Using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the in vivo redox state of the brain, we found that MSC transplantation suppressed oxidative stress in AD model mice. To elucidate how MSC treatment ameliorates oxidative stress, we focused on amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and microglial function. MSC transplantation reduced Aβ deposition in the cortex and hippocampus. Transplantation of MSC also decreased Iba1-positive area in the cortex and reduced activated ameboid shaped microglia. On the other hand, MSC transplantation accelerated accumulation of microglia around Aβ deposits and prompted microglial Aβ uptake and clearance as shown by higher frequency of Aβ-containing microglia. MSC transplantation also increased CD14-positive microglia in vivo, which play a critical role in Aβ uptake. To confirm the effects of MSC on microglia, we co-cultured the mouse microglial cell line MG6 with MSC. Co-culture with MSC enhanced Aβ uptake by MG6 cells accompanied by upregulation of CD14 expression. Additionally, co-culture of MG6 cells with MSC induced microglial phenotype switching from M1 to M2 and suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that MSC treatment has the potential to ameliorate oxidative stress through modification of microglial functions, thereby improving Aβ pathology in AD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yokokawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shin Hisahara
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miho C Emoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taro Saito
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Manabe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumura
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Syuuichirou Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Kawamata
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Sato-Akaba
- Department of System Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Cancer Preventive Institute, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Saito T, Hisahara S, Iwahara N, Emoto MC, Yokokawa K, Suzuki H, Manabe T, Matsumura A, Suzuki S, Matsushita T, Kawamata J, Sato-Akaba H, Fujii HG, Shimohama S. Early administration of galantamine from preplaque phase suppresses oxidative stress and improves cognitive behavior in APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:20-32. [PMID: 31536772 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that progressively impairs memory and cognition. Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is the most important pathophysiological hallmark of AD. Oxidative stress induced by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a prominent phenomenon in AD and known to occur early in the course of AD. Several reports suggest a relationship between change in redox status and AD pathology including progressive Aβ deposition, glial cell activation, and inflammation. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and has been reported to have an oxidative stress inhibitory function. In the present study, galantamine was administered orally to AD model mice from before the appearance of Aβ plaques (preplaque phase), and in vivo change in redox status of the brain was measured using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging. Administration of galantamine from the preplaque phase ameliorated memory decline in Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test. Monitoring of the redox status of the brain using EPR imaging showed that galantamine treatment improved the unbalanced redox state. Additionally, galantamine administration enhanced microglial function to promote Aβ clearance, reducing the Aβ-positive area in the cortex and amount of insoluble Aβ in the brain. In contrast, galantamine treatment from the preplaque phase suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines through neurotoxic microglial activity. Therefore, galantamine administration from the preplaque phase may have the potential of clinical application for the prevention of AD. In addition, our results demonstrate the usefulness of EPR imaging for speedy and quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of disease-modifying drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Saito
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shin Hisahara
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Miho C Emoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yokokawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Manabe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumura
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Syuuichirou Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Jun Kawamata
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideo Sato-Akaba
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Cancer Preventive Institute, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
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