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Hirt J, Vetsch J, Weissenfels I, Heinrich S. Nurse-led physical activity interventions for people with dementia in nursing homes: A systematic review on intervention characteristics and implementation facilitators/barriers. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 154:104756. [PMID: 38552471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activities are important to maintain and promote physical functioning and activities of daily living in people with dementia. Nurses are in a key position to deliver physical activity interventions in nursing homes. However, synthesized strategies for sustainable implementation of physical activity interventions in nursing homes for people with dementia are lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed at synthesizing the evidence on nurse-led physical activity interventions and at identifying facilitators and barriers to sustainable implementation of physical activity interventions for people with dementia. DESIGN Systematic review. REVIEW METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search combining database searches (MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection; last search: September 27, 2023) and supplementary search methods (citation tracking, web searching, clinical guideline database searching). We considered studies on nurse-led physical activity interventions for people with dementia living in nursing homes for eligibility; published as journal articles and related material in English, French, German language, without restrictions on primary study design and publication year. Independently and in duplicate, we assessed the references' eligibility and the quality of the included studies. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to appraise quality of included studies. We piloted and double-checked data extractions, and summarized the results narratively and graphically (harvest plot). We prospectively registered our review (PROSPERO CRD42021271833). RESULTS We identified 24 studies (of which eleven were randomized trials) assessing various interventions that we categorized into physical exercise (n = 8), care-integrated physical activity (n = 6), outdoor or walking activity (n = 5), technology-supported physical exercise (n = 3), and dancing (n = 2). Types of outcomes and length of follow-up varied widely. Effects were inconclusive, except for outdoor or walking activities showing an overall positive impact on physical outcomes. For eight interventions, we identified evidence on implementation barriers (b) and facilitators (f), including staff shortage (b), staff time resources (b), or ease of implementation for staff (f) and adaptability of interventions (f) or refusal to participate of people with dementia (b). CONCLUSIONS The results of our review provide a comprehensive overview on types, characteristics and effects of nurse-led physical activity interventions for people with dementia in nursing homes. Based on evidence from a range of study designs and sources, we came to the conclusion that all stakeholders involved considered physical activity interventions for people with dementia as useful and relevant. Outcome measures varied widely and a clear conclusion on effectiveness remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hirt
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Janine Vetsch
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Inga Weissenfels
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Steffen Heinrich
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Nichol B, McCready J, Erfani G, Comparcini D, Simonetti V, Cicolini G, Mikkonen K, Yamakawa M, Tomietto M. Exploring the impact of socially assistive robots on health and wellbeing across the lifespan: An umbrella review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 153:104730. [PMID: 38430662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socially assistive robots offer an alternate source of connection for interventions within health and social care amidst a landscape of technological advancement and reduced staff capacity. There is a need to summarise the available systematic reviews on the health and wellbeing impacts to evaluate effectiveness, explore potential moderators and mediators, and identify recommendations for future research and practice. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of socially assistive robots within health and social care on psychosocial, behavioural, and physiological health and wellbeing outcomes across the lifespan (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023423862). DESIGN An umbrella review utilising meta-analysis, narrative synthesis, and vote counting by direction of effect. METHODS 14 databases were searched (ProQuest Health Research Premium collection, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ASM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane Reviews, and EPISTEMONIKOS) from 2005 to May 4, 2023. Systematic reviews including the effects of socially assistive robots on health outcomes were included and a pooled meta-analysis, vote counting by direction of effect, and narrative synthesis were applied. The second version of A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) was applied to assess quality of included reviews. RESULTS 35 reviews were identified, most focusing on older adults with or without dementia (n = 24). Pooled meta-analysis indicated no effect of socially assistive robots on quality of life (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.43), anxiety (SMD = -0.02), or depression (SMD = 0.21), although vote counting identified significant improvements in social interaction, mood, positive affect, loneliness, stress, and pain across the lifespan, and narrative synthesis identified an improvement in anxiety in children. However, some reviews reported no significant difference between the effects of socially assistive robots and a plush toy, and there was no effect of socially assistive robots on psychiatric outcomes including agitation, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and medication use. DISCUSSION Socially assistive robots show promise for improving non-psychiatric outcomes such as loneliness, positive affect, stress, and pain, but exert no effect on psychiatric outcomes such as depression and agitation. The main mechanism of effect within group settings appeared to be the stimulation of social interaction with other humans. Limitations include the low quality and high amount of overlap between included reviews. CONCLUSION Socially assistive robots may help to improve loneliness, social interaction, and positive affect in older adults, decrease anxiety and distress in children, and improve mood, stress, and reduce pain across the lifespan. However, before recommendations for socially assistive robots can be made, a cost-effectiveness analysis of socially assistive robots to improve mood across the lifespan, and a quantitative analysis of the effects on pain, anxiety, and distress in children are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Nichol
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Jemma McCready
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Goran Erfani
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Dania Comparcini
- Section of Nursing, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Giancarlo Cicolini
- Section of Nursing, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Kristina Mikkonen
- Research Unit of Health Science and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Miyae Yamakawa
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Japan.
| | - Marco Tomietto
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Health Science and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Zhao B, Nam EW. Response to the commentary "The role of gender in the relationship between social engagement and health outcomes". SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101590. [PMID: 38283544 PMCID: PMC10820256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, South Korea, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, South Korea, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Schneider C, Nißen M, Kowatsch T, Vinay R. Impact of digital assistive technologies on the quality of life for people with dementia: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080545. [PMID: 38341210 PMCID: PMC10862336 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital assistive technologies (DATs) have emerged as promising tools to support the daily life of people with dementia (PWD). Current research tends to concentrate either on specific categories of DATs or provide a generic view. Therefore, it is of essence to provide a review of different kinds of DATs and how they contribute to improving quality of life (QOL) for PWD. DESIGN Scoping review using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and recommendations from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. DATA SOURCES Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (January 2013 to May 2023). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Completed scientific literature with a primary focus on DATs for PWD, perspectives of caregivers, family members or healthcare workers in relation to a PWD, people living in diverse settings and all severities of dementia. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening and data extraction were conducted, followed by quantitative and qualitative analyses using thematic analysis principles and Digital Therapeutics Alliance categories for DAT grouping. RESULTS The literature search identified 6083 records, with 1056 duplicates. After screening, 4560 full texts were excluded, yielding 122 studies of different designs. The DATs were categorised into digital therapeutics (n=109), patient monitoring (n=30), digital diagnostics (n=2), care support (n=2) and health system clinical software (n=1). These categories were identified to impact various aspects of QOL: preserving autonomy, engagement, and social interaction, health monitoring and promotion, improving activities of daily living, improving cognition, maintaining dignity, managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and safety/surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Various DATs offer extensive support, elevating the QOL of PWD. Digital therapeutics are predominantly used for ageing-in-place and independent living through assistance with daily tasks. Future research should focus on less-represented digital health technology categories, such as care support, health & wellness or software solutions. Observing ongoing DAT developments and their long-term effects on QOL remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schneider
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcia Nißen
- University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Technology Management, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rasita Vinay
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Joshi P, Hendrie K, Jester DJ, Dasarathy D, Lavretsky H, Ku BS, Leutwyler H, Torous J, Jeste DV, Tampi RR. Social connections as determinants of cognitive health and as targets for social interventions in persons with or at risk of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: a scoping review. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:92-118. [PMID: 37994532 PMCID: PMC11058077 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social connections have a significant impact on health across age groups, including older adults. Loneliness and social isolation are known risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Yet, we did not find a review focused on meta-analyses and systematic reviews of studies that had examined associations of social connections with cognitive decline and trials of technology-based and other social interventions to enhance social connections in people with ADRD. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a scoping review of 11 meta-analyses and systematic reviews of social connections as possible determinants of cognitive decline in older adults with or at risk of developing ADRD. We also examined eight systematic reviews of technology-based and other social interventions in persons with ADRD. STUDY RESULTS The strongest evidence for an association of social connections with lower risk of cognitive decline was related to social engagement and social activities. There was also evidence linking social network size to cognitive function or cognitive decline, but it was not consistently significant. A number of, though not all, studies reported a significant association of marital status with risk of ADRD. Surprisingly, evidence showing that social support reduces the risk of ADRD was weak. To varying degrees, technology-based and other social interventions designed to reduce loneliness in people with ADRD improved social connections and activities as well as quality of life but had no significant impact on cognition. We discuss strengths and limitations of the studies included. CONCLUSIONS Social engagement and social activities seem to be the most consistent components of social connections for improving cognitive health among individuals with or at risk for ADRD. Socially focused technology-based and other social interventions aid in improving social activities and connections and deserve more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Joshi
- Psychiatry Department, Banner University Medical Center, and University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kyle Hendrie
- Psychiatry Department, Banner University Medical Center, and University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dylan J. Jester
- Women’s Operational Military Exposure Network (WOMEN), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benson S. Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather Leutwyler
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Global Research Network on Social Determinants of Mental Health and Exposomics, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh R. Tampi
- Department of Psychiatry, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Hirt J, Beer T, Cavalli S, Cereghetti S, Pusterla ERG, Zeller A. Recruiting Persons With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Facilitators, Barriers, and Strategies. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2024; 39:15333175241276443. [PMID: 39137907 PMCID: PMC11322929 DOI: 10.1177/15333175241276443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Study recruitment of persons with dementia is challenging. We aimed to assess facilitators, barriers, and strategies to identify and approach persons with dementia for recruitment to dementia care studies. We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and other sources (ORRCA [Online Resource for Research in Clinical triAls]; pertinent evidence syntheses; citation searching) and narratively summarised the results (PROSPERO CRD42022342600). Facilitators and barriers consisted of "characteristics of participants, researchers, clinical contact persons", "study characteristics", and "communication with participants". The highest number of participants were recruited by study information in electronic and print formats, as well as by networking and collaboration. Advertisements proved to be the most expensive way of recruitment. There is limited evidence on the impact of recruitment strategies to identify persons with dementia for recruitment to dementia care studies. Our analysis of facilitators and barriers may inform research teams in designing strategies to identify persons with dementia for recruitment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hirt
- Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Pragmatic Evidence Lab, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Beer
- Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Cavalli
- Centre of Competence on Ageing, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Cereghetti
- Centre of Competence on Ageing, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Elia R. G. Pusterla
- Centre of Competence on Ageing, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Adelheid Zeller
- Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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Hirt J, Adlbrecht L, Maurer C, Beer T. Exploring experiences of times without care and encounters in dementia: protocol for a living and adaptive evidence map. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075664. [PMID: 37730385 PMCID: PMC10514613 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with dementia spend most of the day without care, without encounters, and usually without activity. Although this has been proven in studies, there is a knowledge gap on how individuals with dementia experience these periods of time. Such knowledge would be highly relevant for health professionals and relatives to develop adequate strategies for dealing with these periods of time. The FreiZeit study aims to reconstruct periods of time without care and encounters from the perspective of individuals with dementia and formal and informal carers. The specific objective of this review is to provide a continuously updated overview of the topical evidence that may be used to guide data synthesis and interpretation within the FreiZeit study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We conduct a living evidence map, based on a comprehensive systematic literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO/Ovid and Web of Science Core Collection, citation-based searches and web searches. We include studies on times without care and encounters of individuals with dementia from the perspective of individuals with dementia themselves and formal or informal caregivers of any observational study design that were conducted in the institutional and domestic long-term care setting and published as journal article in English, French or German language without any restriction of the publication year. One reviewer screens titles, abstracts and full texts and extracts data. Key characteristics and results of the included studies are charted in a tabular format. The searches will be run and continuously updated throughout the duration of the overarching FreiZeit study (every 6 months for 2 years from 2023 to 2025). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this evidence map. We disseminate our findings via journal articles and conference proceedings as well as other formats. REGISTRATION DETAILS This review protocol is uploaded on Open Science Framework (OSF; DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GDYZ9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hirt
- Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Pragmatic Evidence Lab, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Adlbrecht
- Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Carola Maurer
- Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Beer
- Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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Mahmoudi Asl A, Kouters S, Castro-González Á, Van der Roest H, Franco Martin M, Dröes RM. Potential Facilitators of and Barriers to Implementing the MINI Robot in Community-Based Meeting Centers for People With Dementia and Their Carers in the Netherlands and Spain: Explorative Qualitative Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44125. [PMID: 37531190 PMCID: PMC10433023 DOI: 10.2196/44125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social robots, as a form of digital health technologies, are used to support emotional, cognitive, and physical care and have shown promising outcomes in enhancing social well-being in people with dementia (PwD) by boosting emotions, social interactions, and activity participation. OBJECTIVE The goal is to investigate the attitude of stakeholders and potential facilitators and the barriers to implementing the social robot MINI in community-based meeting centers (MCs) for PwD and carers in the Netherlands and Spain. METHODS Based on the British Medical Research Council guidance for process evaluation of the implementation of complex interventions and the model for tracing the facilitators of and barriers to the adaptive implementation of innovations in dementia care, an explorative qualitative study was conducted. Following the introduction of the MINI robot, 11 stakeholders were interviewed in 3 MCs in the Netherlands and 1 in Spain, as well as stakeholders in health and welfare organizations in both countries. In addition, 12 adults with dementia participated in focus groups. The data were thematically analyzed and narratively described. RESULTS Overall, the stakeholder opinion and interest in the MINI robot were positive. The most important (expected) facilitating factors mentioned by stakeholders appeared to be human resources, funding, the impact of the MINI robot on the users and programs of the MCs, characteristics of the innovation, and collaboration with other care and welfare organizations. However, the (expected) barriers mentioned concerned the physical context and functionalities of the MINI robot, the user context, and MC activity policies. CONCLUSIONS The findings will inform professional stakeholders, such as MC directors and managers, as well as care and welfare organizations, on the practicality of using the MINI robot in MCs. Furthermore, our research will aid MINI robot developers in tailoring its features to PwD's preferences and demands and MC policies, which will contribute to the MINI robot's effective adoption and deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Mahmoudi Asl
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group of the Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Suzanne Kouters
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Álvaro Castro-González
- Robotics Lab, Department of System Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henriëtte Van der Roest
- Department on Aging, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Franco Martin
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group of the Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Zamora Hospital, Zamora, Spain
| | - Rose-Marie Dröes
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bond formation with pet-robots: An integrative approach. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe challenge of long-term interaction between humans and robots is still a bottleneck in service robot research. To gain an understanding of sustained relatedness with robots, this study proposes a conceptual framework for bond formation. More specifically, it addresses the dynamics of children bonding with robotic pets as the basis for certain services in healthcare and education. The framework presented herein offers an integrative approach and draws from theoretical models and empirical research in Human Robot Interaction and also from related disciplines that investigate lasting relationships, such as human-animal affiliation and attachment to everyday objects. The research question is how children’s relatedness to personified technologies occurs and evolves and what underpinning processes are involved. The subfield of research is child-robot interaction, within the boundaries of social psychology, where the robot is viewed as a social agent, and human-system interaction, where the robot is regarded as an artificial entity. The proposed framework envisions bonding with pet-robots as a socio-affective process towards lasting connectedness and emotional involvement that evolves through three stages: first encounter, short-term interaction and lasting relationship. The stages are characterized by children’s behaviors, cognitions and feelings that can be identified, measured and, maybe more importantly, managed. This model aims to integrate fragmentary and heterogeneous knowledge into a new perspective on the impact of robots in close and enduring proximity to children.
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Chen SC, Jones C, Moyle W. The Impact of Engagement with the PARO Therapeutic Robot on the Psychological Benefits of Older Adults with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36062840 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of 8-weeks of a 60-minute PARO intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and loneliness in older adults with dementia and investigated changes in their emotional or behavioral expressions and level of engagement with the PARO robot. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study with a repeated measures design. The outcome measures were evaluated at four time-points: before the intervention, week 4, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the PARO intervention. RESULTS Fifty-two participants were recruited. The age of the participants ranged from 65 to 96 years, with a mean age of 81.81 years (SD = 8.54) in the PARO group and 79.08 years (SD = 7.71) in the control group. Using a mixed between-within subjects' analysis of variance, the results showed that there were significant interaction effects between the groups and time-periods for depression (p < .000), loneliness (p < .000), and engagement (p < .000). CONCLUSIONS The PARO intervention alleviated depression and loneliness for older adults. Furthermore, the process of engagement with PARO may play an important role in the PARO effects. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A tailored PARO intervention of at least 4 weeks could engender positive psychological benefits for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Cindy Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Mahmoudi Asl A, Molinari Ulate M, Franco Martin M, van der Roest H. Methodologies Used to Study the Feasibility, Usability, Efficacy, and Effectiveness of Social Robots For Elderly Adults: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37434. [PMID: 35916695 PMCID: PMC9379790 DOI: 10.2196/37434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New research fields to design social robots for older people are emerging. By providing support with communication and social interaction, these robots aim to increase quality of life. Because of the decline in functioning due to cognitive impairment in older people, social robots are regarded as promising, especially for people with dementia. Although study outcomes are hopeful, the quality of studies on the effectiveness of social robots for the elderly is still low due to many methodological limitations. Objective We aimed to review the methodologies used thus far in studies evaluating the feasibility, usability, efficacy, and effectiveness of social robots in clinical and social settings for elderly people, including persons with dementia. Methods Dedicated search strings were developed. Searches in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were performed on August 13, 2020. Results In the 33 included papers, 23 different social robots were investigated for their feasibility, usability, efficacy, and effectiveness. A total of 8 (24.2%) studies included elderly persons in the community, 9 (27.3%) included long-term care facility residents, and 16 (48.5%) included people with dementia. Most of the studies had a single aim, of which 7 (21.2%) focused on efficacy and 7 (21.2%) focused on effectiveness. Moreover, forms of randomized controlled trials were the most applied designs. Feasibility and usability were often studied together in mixed methods or experimental designs and were most often studied in individual interventions. Feasibility was often assessed with the Unified Theory of the Acceptance and Use of Technology model. Efficacy and effectiveness studies used a range of psychosocial and cognitive outcome measures. However, the included studies failed to find significant improvements in quality of life, depression, and cognition. Conclusions This study identified several shortcomings in methodologies used to evaluate social robots, resulting in ambivalent study findings. To improve the quality of these types of studies, efficacy/effectiveness studies will benefit from appropriate randomized controlled trial designs with large sample sizes and individual intervention sessions. Experimental designs might work best for feasibility and usability studies. For each of the 3 goals (efficacy/effectiveness, feasibility, and usability) we also recommend a mixed method of data collection. Multiple interaction sessions running for at least 1 month might aid researchers in drawing significant results and prove the real long-term impact of social robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Mahmoudi Asl
- Department of Research and Development, Iberian Institute of Research in Psycho-Sciences, INTRAS Foundation, Zamora, Spain
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group, Salamanca Biomedical Research Institute, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Molinari Ulate
- Department of Research and Development, Iberian Institute of Research in Psycho-Sciences, INTRAS Foundation, Zamora, Spain
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group, Salamanca Biomedical Research Institute, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco Martin
- Psycho-Sciences Research Group, Salamanca Biomedical Research Institute, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Service, Assistance Complex of Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Henriëtte van der Roest
- Department on Aging, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Trimbos Insititute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Hirt J, Vetsch J, Heinrich S. Facilitators and barriers to implement nurse-led physical activities for people with dementia in nursing homes: a protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review. BMJ Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8719182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dementia is a major neurocognitive disorder and accounts for a great proportion of nursing home residents. Bodily symptoms such as gait, balance difficulties and muscle weakness are common in people with dementia. Physical activities are important to maintain and promote physical functioning and activities of daily living. Nurses are a prone stakeholder to deliver physical activity interventions in nursing homes. However, several barriers have been reported for implementing nurse-led physical activity programmes. Also synthesised strategies for sustainable implementation in nursing homes are lacking. We, therefore, aim to synthesise the evidence on physical activity interventions which can be led by nurses and to identify facilitators and barriers of sustainable implementation of physical activity for people with dementia. Methods and analysis We will conduct a mixed-methods systematic review to (1) describe the characteristics of nurse-led physical activities for people with dementia living in nursing homes and to (2) determine facilitators and barriers for sustainable implementation of nurse-led physical activities for people with dementia in nursing homes. We will search four different electronic databases, do forward and backward citation tracking and will web-search additionally. We will also search through guideline databases. Two reviewers will independently screen the identified studies for their eligibility. Data extraction and critical appraisal of included studies will be performed by one reviewer and double-checked by another reviewer. We will analyse the data using an integrative mixed-method synthesis and we will summarise the findings narratively. Ethics and dissemination No ethics approval is needed to perform this systematic review. We will publish our review results as scientific and non-scientific journal articles and we will hold an oral or a poster conference presentation. The review results will inform the development of structured and easy to understand guidance for nurses to initiate tailored physical activities for people with dementia in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hirt
- Institute of Applied Nursing Science, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- International Graduate Academy, Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine Vetsch
- Institute of Applied Nursing Science, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Heinrich
- Institute of Applied Nursing Science, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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Hirt J, Meyer G, Beer T. [Options for using assistive technologies for people with dementia in Switzerland: a qualitative interview study with experts]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAET IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2021; 166:69-78. [PMID: 34697005 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome challenges in dementia care, technological concepts are considered to have a potential. It is unclear, however, how utilization of assistive technologies in Switzerland could look like and which specific potentials it may offer. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to elaborate options for using assistive technologies in dementia care on the basis of the opinion, experience and knowledge of experts. METHODS We chose a qualitative study design. Thematic analysis served to evaluate the expert interviews. To report this study, we followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). RESULTS Between November 2018 and May 2019, we interviewed 15 experts. The analysis resulted in three themes, each with three sub-themes: (i) use and potentials of technologies (support in the home care network, promoting a sense of security, facilitating and preserving interaction), (ii) requirements for using technology (structural framework conditions, enhancing quality of life and care, considering individual needs and health situation), and (ii) ethical considerations and technical assets (security and freedom, side effects of telepresence care, caveats and technological optimism). CONCLUSIONS To exploit the identified potentials of assistive technologies for people with dementia, it is necessary to fulfil the requirements on a structural level in nursing policy, education and clinical practice. Furthermore, assistive technologies should be applied that have demonstrated effectiveness without unwanted effects. The decision to use assistive technologies should be made on an individual basis. Accordingly, the use of assistive technologies should take into account the needs of the persons involved and be adapted to the state of health of people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hirt
- Kompetenzzentrum Demenz, Institut für Angewandte Pflegewissenschaft, Departement Gesundheit, OST (ehemals FHS St. Gallen), St. Gallen, Schweiz; Internationale Graduiertenakademie, Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
| | - Gabriele Meyer
- Internationale Graduiertenakademie, Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Thomas Beer
- Kompetenzzentrum Demenz, Institut für Angewandte Pflegewissenschaft, Departement Gesundheit, OST (ehemals FHS St. Gallen), St. Gallen, Schweiz
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Simeoni R, Colonnelli F, Eutizi V, Marchetti M, Paolini E, Papalini V, Punturo A, Salvò A, Scipinotti N, Serpente C, Barbini E, Troscia R, Maccioni G, Giansanti D. The Social Robot and the Digital Physiotherapist: Are We Ready for the Team Play? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1454. [PMID: 34828501 PMCID: PMC8618922 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: We are witnessing two phenomena. The first is that the physiotherapist is increasingly becoming a figure that must interact with Digital Health. On the other hand, social robots through research are improving more and more in the aspects of social interaction thanks also to artificial intelligence and becoming useful in rehabilitation processes. It begins to become strategic to investigate the intersections between these two phenomena. Objective: Therefore, we set ourselves the goal of investigating the consensus and opinion of physiotherapists around the introduction of social robots in clinical practice both in rehabilitation and assistance. Procedure: An electronic survey has been developed focused on social robot-based rehabilitation and assistance and has been submitted to subjects focused on physiotherapy sciences to investigate their opinion and their level of consent regarding the use of the social robot in rehabilitation and assistance. Two samples of subjects were recruited: the first group (156 participating subjects, 79 males, 77 females, mean age 24.3 years) was in the training phase, and the second (167 participating subjects, 86 males, 81 females, mean age 42.4 years) group was involved in the work processes. An electronic feedback form was also submitted to investigate the acceptance of the proposed methodology. Results: The survey showed a consistency of the results between the two samples from which interesting considerations emerge. Contrary to stereotypes that report how AI-based devices put jobs at risk, physiotherapists are not afraid of these devices. The subjects involved in the study believe the following: (a) social robots can be reliable co-workers but will remain a complementary device; (b) their role will be of the utmost importance as an operational manager in their use and in performance monitoring; (c) these devices will allow an increase in working capacity and facilitate integration. All those involved in the study believe that the proposed electronic survey has proved to be a useful and effective tool that can be useful as a periodic monitoring tool and useful for scientific societies. Conclusions: The evolution of social robots represents an unstoppable process as does the increase in the aging of the population. Stakeholders must not look with suspicion toward these devices, which can represent an important resource, but rather invest in monitoring and consensus training initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Simeoni
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Federico Colonnelli
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Veronica Eutizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Matteo Marchetti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena Paolini
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Valentina Papalini
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Alessio Punturo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Alice Salvò
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Nicoletta Scipinotti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Christian Serpente
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Emanuele Barbini
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Riccardo Troscia
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, San Martino al Cimino, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.S.); (F.C.); (V.E.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (R.T.)
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Giansanti D. The Social Robot in Rehabilitation and Assistance: What Is the Future? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:244. [PMID: 33668987 PMCID: PMC7996596 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary aims to address the field of social robots both in terms of the global situation and research perspectives. It has four polarities. First, it revisits the evolutions in robotics, which, starting from collaborative robotics, has led to the diffusion of social robots. Second, it illustrates the main fields in the employment of social robots in rehabilitation and assistance in the elderly and handicapped and in further emerging sectors. Third, it takes a look at the future directions of the research development both in terms of clinical and technological aspects. Fourth, it discusses the opportunities and limits, starting from the development and clinical use of social robots during the COVID-19 pandemic to the increase of ethical discussion on their use.
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