1
|
Mehl K, Reschke-Hernandez AE, Hanson J, Linhardt L, Frame J, Dew M, Kickbusch E, Johnson C, Bai E, Belfi AM. Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories are Associated with Negative Affect in Younger and Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38217422 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2302785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music evokes strong and persistent emotional responses. However, the mechanisms underlying the emotional effects of music, particularly in older adults, are largely unknown. One purported mechanism by which music evokes emotions is through memory - that is, music evokes personal, autobiographical memories that then lead to emotional responses. METHOD Here, we investigated whether memory-evoking music induces stronger and longer-lasting emotional responses than non-memory-evoking music, and whether these emotional responses differ between younger and older adults. Older (N = 30) and younger adults (N =30) listened to two blocks of self-selected music (one block of memory-evoking music and one block of familiar but non-memory-evoking music). Participants reported their emotions prior to and at three timepoints post-listening. RESULTS Older adults reported higher levels of positive affect than younger adults. For both groups, positive affect increased after listening to both memory-evoking and non-memory-evoking music. However, negative affect only increased after listening to memory-evoking music. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that both memory-evoking and non-memory-evoking music generate strong emotions in younger and older adults, but music that conjures personal memories is more likely to elicit mixed emotions. Our results have important clinical implications when designing music-based interventions for mood and affect, particularly in older adult populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Mehl
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Alaine E Reschke-Hernandez
- School of Music, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Julien Hanson
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Lauren Linhardt
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Jessica Frame
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Matthew Dew
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kickbusch
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Chase Johnson
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Elena Bai
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Amy M Belfi
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reschke-Hernández AE, Gfeller K, Oleson J, Tranel D. Music Therapy Increases Social and Emotional Well-Being in Persons With Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Trial Comparing Singing to Verbal Discussion. J Music Ther 2023; 60:314-342. [PMID: 37220880 PMCID: PMC10560009 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The number of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is growing proportional to our aging population. Although music-based interventions may offer meaningful support to these individuals, most music therapy research lacks well-matched comparison conditions and specific intervention focus, which limits evaluation of intervention effectiveness and possible mechanisms. Here, we report a randomized clinical crossover trial in which we examined the impact of a singing-based music therapy intervention on feelings, emotions, and social engagement in 32 care facility residents with ADRD (aged 65-97 years), relative to an analogous nonmusic condition (verbal discussion). Both conditions were informed by the Clinical Practice Model for Persons with Dementia and occurred in a small group format, three times per week for two weeks (six 25-minute sessions), with a two-week washout at crossover. We followed National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium strategies to enhance methodological rigor. We predicted that music therapy would improve feelings, positive emotions, and social engagement, significantly more so than the comparison condition. We used a linear mixed model approach to analysis. In support of our hypotheses, the music therapy intervention yielded significant positive effects on feelings, emotions, and social engagement, particularly for those with moderate dementia. Our study contributes empirical support for the use of music therapy to improve psychosocial well-being in this population. Results also highlight the importance of considering patient characteristics in intervention design and offer practical implications for music selection and implementation within interventions for persons with ADRD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu L, Zhong Y, Xie Q, He Z, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhan CA, Pan J. Multi-Modal Integration of EEG-fNIRS for Characterization of Brain Activity Evoked by Preferred Music. Front Neurorobot 2022; 16:823435. [PMID: 35173597 PMCID: PMC8841473 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2022.823435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Music can effectively improve people's emotions, and has now become an effective auxiliary treatment method in modern medicine. With the rapid development of neuroimaging, the relationship between music and brain function has attracted much attention. In this study, we proposed an integrated framework of multi-modal electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from data collection to data analysis to explore the effects of music (especially personal preferred music) on brain activity. During the experiment, each subject was listening to two different kinds of music, namely personal preferred music and neutral music. In analyzing the synchronization signals of EEG and fNIRS, we found that music promotes the activity of the brain (especially the prefrontal lobe), and the activation induced by preferred music is stronger than that of neutral music. For the multi-modal features of EEG and fNIRS, we proposed an improved Normalized-ReliefF method to fuse and optimize them and found that it can effectively improve the accuracy of distinguishing between the brain activity evoked by preferred music and neutral music (up to 98.38%). Our work provides an objective reference based on neuroimaging for the research and application of personalized music therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Qiu
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongshi Zhong
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyou Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng He
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyue Chen
- Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang'an A. Zhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Chang'an A. Zhan
| | - Jiahui Pan
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiahui Pan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández-Aguilar L, Lora Y, Satorres E, Ros L, Melendez JC, Latorre JM. Dimensional and Discrete Emotional Reactivity in Alzheimer's Disease: Film Clips as a Research Tool in Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:349-360. [PMID: 34024837 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have been conducted to date on the dimensional and discrete classification of emotions to study the emotional reactivity of older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, the presentation of film clips with affective content is currently one of the most effective and widely used Mood Induction Procedures (MIPS). However, it has been scarcely used in AD patients. OBJECTIVE Based on the dimensional and discrete models of emotion, this study examines the emotional reactivity of older adults with AD, using a popular set of film clips to induce emotions. METHODS We compared the responses of older adults aged over 65-years with mild to moderate AD (n = 15) and a healthy comparison group (n = 17) to six target emotions: disgust, fear, anger, sadness, amusement, and tenderness. RESULTS The results showed significant differences in the reactivity of fear, anger, and sadness between AD patients and healthy comparison group. However, the responses of the two groups to positive film clips were similar. Only in the amusement clip did the AD participants show a higher intensity response. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the characteristic loss of cognitive abilities in AD is related to a reduction in the ability to react to emotional stimuli, especially negative ones. However, these abilities seem to be preserved when it comes to positive emotions. Future research is necessary to investigate whether the positivity effect is present in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaiza Lora
- Evolutionary Psychology and Education Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Encarnación Satorres
- Evolutionary Psychology and Education Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan C Melendez
- Evolutionary Psychology and Education Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Latorre
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bomilcar I, Bertrand E, Morris RG, Mograbi DC. The Seven Selves of Dementia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:646050. [PMID: 34054604 PMCID: PMC8160244 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The self is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, encompassing a variety of cognitive processes and psychosocial influences. Considering this, there is a multiplicity of "selves," the current review suggesting that seven fundamental self-processes can be identified that further our understanding of the experience of dementia. These include (1) an embodied self, manifest as corporeal awareness; (2) an agentic self, related to being an agent and influencing life circumstances; (3) an implicit self, linked to non-conscious self-processing; (4) a critical self, which defines the core of self-identity; (5) a surrogate self, based on third-person perspective information; (6) an extended self, including external objects or existences that are incorporated into the self; and, finally, (7) an emergent self, a property of the self-processes that give rise to the sense of a unified self. These are discussed in relation to self-awareness and their use in making sense of the experience of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bomilcar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elodie Bertrand
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (LMC2, URP 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Robin G. Morris
- Department of Psychology, King's College Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. Mograbi
- Department of Psychology, King's College Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|