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Tsolaki M, Sia E, Giannouli V. Anesthesia and dementia: An up-to-date review of the existing literature. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:181-190. [PMID: 35981552 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concerns around the impact of anesthesia on cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), have been increasing and recently attracting considerable attention in the research community. One unanswered question is whether anesthesia is a risk factor of dementia, specifically AD type dementia. A large body of evidence, coming from in vivo and in vitro models, suggests that exposure to anesthetic agents may increase the risk of AD through mechanisms of action similar to AD's neuropathology. In terms of clinical studies, our knowledge of the relationship between anesthesia and dementia is based on limited data, with most studies suggesting that there is no association. The aim of this paper was therefore to outline recent clinical studies exploring this controversial relationship and discuss future directions in terms of study design and potential areas of study. As the aging population and the prevalence of dementia and AD increases, we need a better understanding of anesthesia as a risk factor for neurodegeneration through well-designed studies. Despite the controversy, there seems to be little evidence to support that anesthesia itself or other surgical and patient factors can cause or accelerate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI - AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Sia
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI - AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaitsa Giannouli
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI - AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Canet G, Rocaboy E, Laliberté F, Boscher E, Guisle I, Diego-Diaz S, Fereydouni-Forouzandeh P, Whittington RA, Hébert SS, Pernet V, Planel E. Temperature-induced Artifacts in Tau Phosphorylation: Implications for Reliable Alzheimer's Disease Research. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:423-440. [PMID: 38196137 PMCID: PMC10789175 DOI: 10.5607/en23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In preclinical research on Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, tau phosphorylation analysis is routinely employed in both cellular and animal models. However, recognizing the sensitivity of tau phosphorylation to various extrinsic factors, notably temperature, is vital for experimental accuracy. Hypothermia can trigger tau hyperphosphorylation, while hyperthermia leads to its dephosphorylation. Nevertheless, the rapidity of tau phosphorylation in response to unintentional temperature variations remains unknown. In cell cultures, the most significant temperature change occurs when the cells are removed from the incubator before harvesting, and in animal models, during anesthesia prior to euthanasia. In this study, we investigate the kinetics of tau phosphorylation in N2a and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines, as well as in mice exposed to anesthesia. We observed changes in tau phosphorylation within the few seconds upon transferring cell cultures from their 37°C incubator to room temperature conditions. However, cells placed directly on ice post-incubation exhibited negligible phosphorylation changes. In vivo, isoflurane anesthesia rapidly resulted in tau hyperphosphorylation within the few seconds needed to lose the pedal withdrawal reflex in mice. These findings emphasize the critical importance of preventing temperature variation in researches focused on tau. To ensure accurate results, we recommend avoiding anesthesia before euthanasia and promptly placing cells on ice after removal from the incubator. By controlling temperature fluctuations, the reliability and validity of tau phosphorylation studies can be significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emma Rocaboy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Francis Laliberté
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Boscher
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Guisle
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sofia Diego-Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sébastien S. Hébert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Vincent Pernet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Sfera A, Andronescu L, Britt WG, Himsl K, Klein C, Rahman L, Kozlakidis Z. Receptor-Independent Therapies for Forensic Detainees with Schizophrenia-Dementia Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15797. [PMID: 37958780 PMCID: PMC10647468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic institutions throughout the world house patients with severe psychiatric illness and history of criminal violations. Improved medical care, hygiene, psychiatric treatment, and nutrition led to an unmatched longevity in this population, which previously lived, on average, 15 to 20 years shorter than the public at large. On the other hand, longevity has contributed to increased prevalence of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate clinical management, increasing healthcare expenditures. Forensic institutions, originally intended for the treatment of younger individuals, are ill-equipped for the growing number of older offenders. Moreover, as antipsychotic drugs became available in 1950s and 1960s, we are observing the first generation of forensic detainees who have aged on dopamine-blocking agents. Although the consequences of long-term treatment with these agents are unclear, schizophrenia-associated gray matter loss may contribute to the development of early dementia. Taken together, increased lifespan and the subsequent cognitive deficit observed in long-term forensic institutions raise questions and dilemmas unencountered by the previous generations of clinicians. These include: does the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction justify antipsychotic dose reduction or discontinuation despite a lifelong history of schizophrenia and violent behavior? Should neurolipidomic interventions become the standard of care in elderly individuals with lifelong schizophrenia and dementia? Can patients with schizophrenia and dementia meet the Dusky standard to stand trial? Should neurocognitive disorders in the elderly with lifelong schizophrenia be treated differently than age-related neurodegeneration? In this article, we hypothesize that gray matter loss is the core symptom of schizophrenia which leads to dementia. We hypothesize further that strategies to delay or stop gray matter depletion would not only improve the schizophrenia sustained recovery, but also avert the development of major neurocognitive disorders in people living with schizophrenia. Based on this hypothesis, we suggest utilization of both receptor-dependent and independent therapeutics for chronic psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
- School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Luminita Andronescu
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - William G. Britt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Kiera Himsl
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Carolina Klein
- California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA;
| | - Leah Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon Cedex, France;
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Concepcion FA, Ekstrom NA, Khan MN, Estes OO, Poolos NP. Progressive Dysregulation of Tau Phosphorylation in an Animal Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neuroscience 2023; 522:42-56. [PMID: 37142182 PMCID: PMC10330640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tau is an intracellular protein known to undergo hyperphosphorylation and subsequent neuro-toxic aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, tau expression and phosphorylation at three canonical loci known to be hyperphosphorylated in AD (S202/T205, T181, and T231) were studied in the rat pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE) model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We measured tau expression at two time points of chronic epilepsy: two months and four months post-SE. Both time points parallel human TLE of at least several years. In the whole hippocampal formation at two months post-SE, we observed modestly reduced total tau levels compared to naïve controls, but no significant reduction in S202/T205 phosphorylation levels. In the whole hippocampal formation from four month post-SE rats, total tau expression had reverted to normal, but there was a significant reduction in S202/T205 tau phosphorylation levels that was also seen in CA1 and CA3. No change in phosphorylation was seen at the T181 and T231 tau loci. In somatosensory cortex, outside of the seizure onset zone, no changes in tau expression or phosphorylation were seen at the later time point. We conclude that total tau expression and phosphorylation in an animal model of TLE do not show hyperphosphorylation at the three AD canonical tau loci. Instead, the S202/T205 locus showed progressive dephosphorylation. This suggests that changes in tau expression may play a different role in epilepsy than in AD. Further study is needed to understand how these changes in tau may impact neuronal excitability in chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Concepcion
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - N A Ekstrom
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M N Khan
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - O O Estes
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - N P Poolos
- Department of Neurology and Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Tan S, Xu C, Ma J. Role of posttranslational modifications in memory and cognitive impairments caused by neonatal sevoflurane exposure. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1113345. [PMID: 36992831 PMCID: PMC10040769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of technology, increasingly many newborns are receiving general anesthesia at a young age for surgery, other interventions, or clinical assessment. Anesthetics cause neurotoxicity and apoptosis of nerve cells, leading to memory and cognitive impairments. The most frequently used anesthetic in infants is sevoflurane; however, it has the potential to be neurotoxic. A single, short bout of sevoflurane exposure has little impact on cognitive function, but prolonged or recurrent exposure to general anesthetics can impair memory and cognitive function. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), which can be described roughly as the regulation of gene expression, protein activity, and protein function, have sparked enormous interest in neuroscience. Posttranslational modifications are a critical mechanism mediating anesthesia-induced long-term modifications in gene transcription and protein functional deficits in memory and cognition in children, according to a growing body of studies in recent years. Based on these recent findings, our paper reviews the effects of sevoflurane on memory loss and cognitive impairment, discusses how posttranslational modifications mechanisms can contribute to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity, and provides new insights into the prevention of sevoflurane-induced memory and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xindu District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwen Tan
- Outpatient Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongxi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Junpeng Ma,
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6
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Man VH, He X, Gao J, Wang J. Phosphorylation of Tau R2 Repeat Destabilizes Its Binding to Microtubules: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:458-467. [PMID: 36669127 PMCID: PMC10032563 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation, the most popular post-translational modification of tau protein, plays an important role in regulating tau physiological functions. However, aberrant phosphorylation attenuates the binding affinity of tau to a microtubule (MT), resulting in MT destabilization followed by accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. There are in total 85 potential phosphorylation sites in a full-length tau protein, and about half of them are abnormal as they occur in tau of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain only. In this work, we investigated the impact of abnormal Ser289, Ser293, and Ser289/Ser293 phosphorylation on tau R2-MT binding and the conformation of tau R2 using molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the phosphorylation significantly affected R2-MT interaction and reduced the binding affinity of tau R2 peptides to MTs. Free energy decomposition analysis suggested that the post-translational modified residues themselves made a significant contribution to destabilize tau repeat R2-MT binding. Therefore, the phosphorylation may attenuate the binding affinity of tau to MTs. Additionally, the phosphorylation also enhanced helix-coil transition of monomeric R2 peptides, which may result in the acceleration of tau aggregation. Since these phosphorylated sites have not been examined in previous experimental studies, our finding through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy analysis can inspire experimental scientists to investigate the impact of the phosphorylation on MT binding and aggregation of full-length tau and the pathological roles of the phosphorylation at those sites in AD development through in vitro/in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hoang Man
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening
Center, School of Pharmacy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15261, United States
| | - Xibing He
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening
Center, School of Pharmacy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15261, United States
| | - Jie Gao
- Department
of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University
Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening
Center, School of Pharmacy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15261, United States
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7
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Chen Z, Wang S, Meng Z, Ye Y, Shan G, Wang X, Zhao X, Jin Y. Tau protein plays a role in the mechanism of cognitive disorders induced by anesthetic drugs. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145318. [PMID: 36937655 PMCID: PMC10015606 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive disorders are mental health disorders that can affect cognitive ability. Surgery and anesthesia have been proposed to increase the incidence of cognitive dysfunction, including declines in memory, learning, attention and executive function. Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein located in the axons of neurons and is important for microtubule assembly and stability; its biological function is mainly regulated by phosphorylation. Phosphorylated tau protein has been associated with cognitive dysfunction mediated by disrupting the stability of the microtubule structure. There is an increasing consensus that anesthetic drugs can cause cognitive impairment. Herein, we reviewed the latest literature and compared the relationship between tau protein and cognitive impairment caused by different anesthetics. Our results substantiated that tau protein phosphorylation is essential in cognitive dysfunction caused by anesthetic drugs, and the possible mechanism can be summarized as "anesthetic drugs-kinase/phosphatase-p-Tau-cognitive impairment".
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Bahr MH, Elgamel AF, Ahmed AG, Abdelkader M. Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Women Undergoing Elective and Emergent Caesarian Section under General Anaesthesia: A Comparative Study. Anesth Pain Med 2022; 12:e131475. [PMID: 36937083 PMCID: PMC10016137 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-131475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) following cesarean section (CS) is a growing and underestimated problem with unknown mechanisms. Studies suggest that general anesthesia (GA) plays a role in the development of early POCD. Objectives This study aimed to assess the incidence of early POCD after elective and emergent CS under GA. Methods We assessed the difference between the elective and emergent groups regarding the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), hemodynamic effects such as mean blood pressure (MBP), and heart rate (HR). Paired t-test was applied for intragroup comparison, and Student's t-test (or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate) for intergroup comparison. Results MMSE one hour after the operation was significantly lower than preoperative MMSE in the emergent group, and the MMSE tended to return to normal values faster in the elective than in the emergent group. Moreover, we found a significantly lower MBP and higher HR (at 15, 30, and 45 minutes) in both groups compared to preoperative values. Regarding intergroup comparison, MBP (at 30 minutes) significantly decreased in the elective group compared to the emergent group. Conclusions There was a significantly lower POCD, especially at the first hour postoperatively, in the elective CS than in the emergent CS. Elective CS might have a positive effect on the women's health as a mode of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hussein Bahr
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Corresponding Author: Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
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9
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Zhou XH, Zhang CC, Wang L, Jin SL. Remimazolam induced cognitive dysfunction in mice via glutamate excitotoxicity. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:104-115. [PMID: 35734308 PMCID: PMC9164290 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Several lines of evidence demonstrated the role of anesthetic drugs in cognitive functions. Some anesthetic agents have been confirmed to be associated with long-term spatial memory and learning in aged animal models. Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into four different groups based on different concentrations of remimazolam treatments. Behavioral phenotype was observed by open field, rota rod, Morris water maze, and elevated plus maze test. Western blot was performed to see the expression pattern of different proteins. Confocal microscopy images were taken for neuronal and glial cells to see the effect of remimazolam on CNS cells. Results We showed that remimazolam, a new anesthetic drug, impaired cognitive behavior. Repetitive doses of remimazolam have been found to induce neuronal loss with a significant change in morphology. Here, we showed that a higher concentration of remimazolam had a significant effect on CNS cell activation. We showed that remimazolam caused memory dysfunction by inducing neuronal apoptosis via glutamate excitotoxicity. It also exhibited amyloid β plaque in the brain via abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. Remimazolam-mediated regulation of glial cells in mouse cortex was observed and robust activation of astrocytes and microglial cells was found. Finally, we assessed the behavioral phenotype of mice and found that treatment with remimazolam induced significant behavioral changes and memory dysfunction. Conclusions This study provides insight into the mechanism of anesthetic drug-induced memory deficits and may help improve the therapeutic effects of anesthesia agents in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-hua Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Cheng-cheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shan-liang Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 201900, China
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Juan SMA, Daglas M, Adlard P. Tau pathology, metal dyshomeostasis and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: an unexplored link paving the way for neurodegeneration. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:902-922. [PMID: 35293225 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI), commonly experienced by athletes and military personnel, causes changes in multiple intracellular pathways, one of which involves the tau protein. Tau phosphorylation plays a role in several neurodegenerative conditions including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to repeated head trauma. There is now mounting evidence suggesting that tau phosphorylation may be regulated by metal ions (such as iron, zinc and copper), which themselves are implicated in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent work has also shown that a single TBI can result in age-dependent and region-specific modulation of metal ions. As such, this review explores the link between TBI, CTE, ageing and neurodegeneration with a specific focus on the involvement of (and interaction between) tau pathology and metal dyshomeostasis. The authors highlight that metal dyshomeostasis has yet to be investigated in the context of repeat head trauma or CTE. Given the evidence that metal dyshomeostasis contributes to the onset and/or progression of neurodegeneration, and that CTE itself is a neurodegenerative condition, this brings to light an uncharted link that should be explored. The development of adequate models of r-mTBI and/or CTE will be crucial in deepening our understanding of the pathological mechanisms that drive the clinical manifestations in these conditions and also in the development of effective therapeutics targeted towards slowing progressive neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M A Juan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3052;
| | - Maria Daglas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Paul Adlard
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
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Glasman P, Houot M, Migliaccio R, Bombois S, Gagliardi G, Cacciamani F, Habert MO, Dubois B, Epelbaum S. Subtle postoperative cognitive disorder in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2022; 161:111715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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McGuigan S, Evered L, Scott DA, Silbert B, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Comparing the effect of xenon and sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative neural injury biomarkers: a randomized controlled trial. Med Gas Res 2021; 12:10-17. [PMID: 34472497 PMCID: PMC8447955 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.324591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia and surgery are associated with an increase in neural injury biomarkers. Elevations of these neural injury biomarkers in the perioperative period are associated with postoperative delirium. Xenon has been shown to be protective against a range of neurological insults in animal models. It remains to be seen if xenon anesthesia is neuroprotective in the perioperative setting in humans. Twenty-four participants scheduled for lithotripsy were randomized to receive either xenon or sevoflurane general anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentrations of postoperative neural injury biomarkers between the xenon and sevoflurane group. Following the procedure there was a significant increase in the concentration from baseline of all three biomarkers at 1 hour post-induction with a return to baseline at 5 hours. General anesthesia for lithotripsy was associated with a significant increase at 1 hour post-induction in the neural injury biomarkers total tau, neurofilament light and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, a marker of tau phosphorylation. The protocol was approved by the St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Ethics Committee (approval No. HREC/18/SVHM/221) on July 20, 2018 and was registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (registration No. ACTRN12618000916246) on May 31, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McGuigan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisbeth Evered
- Department of Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Schwerin SC, Chatterjee M, Hutchinson EB, Djankpa FT, Armstrong RC, McCabe JT, Perl DP, Juliano SL. Expression of GFAP and Tau Following Blast Exposure in the Cerebral Cortex of Ferrets. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:112-128. [PMID: 33421075 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast exposures are a hallmark of contemporary military conflicts. We need improved preclinical models of blast traumatic brain injury for translation of pharmaceutical and therapeutic protocols. Compared with rodents, the ferret brain is larger, has substantial sulci, gyri, a higher white to gray matter ratio, and the hippocampus in a ventral position; these attributes facilitate comparison with the human brain. In this study, ferrets received compressed air shock waves and subsequent evaluation of glia and forms of tau following survival of up to 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot demonstrated altered distributions of astrogliosis and tau expression after blast exposure. Many aspects of the astrogliosis corresponded to human pathology: increased subpial reactivity, gliosis at gray-white matter interfaces, and extensive outlining of blood vessels. MRI analysis showed numerous hypointensities occurring in the 12-week survival animals, appearing to correspond to luminal expansions of blood vessels. Changes in forms of tau, including phosphorylated tau, and the isoforms 3R and 4R were noted using immunohistochemistry and Western blot in specific regions of the cerebral cortex. Of particular interest were the 3R and 4R isoforms, which modified their ratio after blast. Our data strongly support the ferret as an animal model with highly translational features to study blast injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Schwerin
- From the Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth B Hutchinson
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis T Djankpa
- From the Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Regina C Armstrong
- From the Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph T McCabe
- From the Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon L Juliano
- From the Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Xia Y, Prokop S, Giasson BI. "Don't Phos Over Tau": recent developments in clinical biomarkers and therapies targeting tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:37. [PMID: 34090488 PMCID: PMC8180161 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications found in aggregated tau isolated from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient brains. In tauopathies like AD, increased phosphorylation or hyperphosphorylation can contribute to microtubule dysfunction and is associated with tau aggregation. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and functions of tau protein as well as the physiologic roles of tau phosphorylation. We also extensively survey tau phosphorylation sites identified in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls, which may serve as disease-specific biomarkers. Recently, new assays have been developed to measure minute amounts of specific forms of phosphorylated tau in both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, which could potentially be useful for aiding clinical diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Additionally, multiple therapies targeting phosphorylated tau are in various stages of clinical trials including kinase inhibitors, phosphatase activators, and tau immunotherapy. With promising early results, therapies that target phosphorylated tau could be useful at slowing tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA. .,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
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15
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Kim JH, Jung H, Lee Y, Sohn JH. Surgery Performed Under Propofol Anesthesia Induces Cognitive Impairment and Amyloid Pathology in ApoE4 Knock-In Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:658860. [PMID: 33981208 PMCID: PMC8107235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.658860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) following anesthesia and surgery is a common and severe complication, especially in elderly patients. A pre-existing cognitive impairment may impart susceptibility to further cognitive dysfunction; the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that the specific impacts of anesthesia and surgery on individuals with preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may render them more susceptible to an increase in the risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive impairment between normal adult mice and those with preclinical AD after propofol anesthesia and surgery. Methods: We performed abdominal surgery in cognitively pre-symptomatic, 5-month-old male mice with sporadic AD (apolipoprotein E4 allele, ApoE4-KI) and age-matched (C57BL/6J) controls. Propofol anesthesia (170 mg/kg) was induced via retro-orbital injection over 2 h. Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests were conducted 2 days before and 2, 4, and 7 days after surgery. The mean escape latencies and spontaneous alternation percentages were the major outcomes. Neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal sections was evaluated using the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Hippocampal amyloid beta (Aβ) levels were assessed via quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The control mice exhibited increased mean escape latencies of MWM at postoperative 2 and 4, but not at day 7; ApoE4-KI mice exhibited such increases at postoperative days 2, 4 and 7. Significant differences between ApoE4-KI and control mice in terms of the mean escape latencies were evident at days 2 and 7 (both P < 0.05). However, performance on a non-hippocampal memory tasks (Y-maze test) did not differ. More TUNEL-positive neurons were evident in the hippocampal CA3 region of ApoE4-KI mice at postoperative days 2 and 4, but not at day 7 compared to the control group (both P < 0.05). IHC revealed significantly elevated Aβ deposition in the hippocampal CA3 region of ApoE4-KI mice at postoperative days 4 and 7 compared to control mice (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: Propofol anesthesia followed by surgery induced persistent changes in cognition, and pathological hippocampal changes in pre-symptomatic, but vulnerable AD mice. It would be appropriate to explore whether preclinical AD patients are more vulnerable to POCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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16
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Resveratrol Mitigates Hippocampal Tau Acetylation and Cognitive Deficit by Activation SIRT1 in Aged Rats following Anesthesia and Surgery. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4635163. [PMID: 33381265 PMCID: PMC7758127 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4635163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a sever postsurgical neurological complication in the elderly population. As the global acceleration of population ageing, POCD is proved to be a great challenge to the present labor market and healthcare system. In the present study, our findings showed that tau acetylation mediated by SIRT1 deficiency resulted in tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of the aged POCD model and consequently contributed to cognitive impairment. Interestingly, pretreatment with resveratrol almost restored the expression of SIRT1, reduced the levels of acetylated tau and hyperphosphorylated tau in the hippocampus, and improved the cognitive performance in the behavioral tests. What is more, we observed that microglia-derived neuroinflammation resulting from SIRT1 inhibition in microglia probably aggravated the tau acetylation in cultured neurons in vitro. Our findings supported the notion that activation SIRT1 provided dually beneficial effect in the aged POCD model. Taken together, our findings provided the initial evidence that tau acetylation was associated with cognitive impairment in the aged POCD model and paved a promising avenue to prevent POCD by inhibiting tau acetylation in a SIRT1-dependent manner.
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17
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Yu Q, Dai CL, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wu Z, Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. Intranasal Insulin Increases Synaptic Protein Expression and Prevents Anesthesia-Induced Cognitive Deficits Through mTOR-eEF2 Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:925-936. [PMID: 31306126 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
General anesthesia increases the risk for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vulnerable individuals such as the elderly. We previously reported that prior administration of insulin through intranasal delivery can prevent the anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment and biochemical changes in the brain. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that general anesthesia resulted in downregulation of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) in the brain along with reduction of presynaptic proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cognitive impairment in aged mice. Prior administration of intranasal insulin prevented these anesthesia-induced changes. These results suggest the involvement of the mTOR-eEF2 signaling pathway in the anesthesia-induced brain changes and cognitive impairment and in the prevention of these changes with insulin. Correlation analyses and the use of eEF2 kinase inhibitor further support our conclusions. These studies shed light on the molecular mechanism by which anesthesia and insulin could act on synaptic proteins and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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18
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Sun JY. Anesthesia and Alzheimer's: A review. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2020; 36:297-302. [PMID: 33487895 PMCID: PMC7812964 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_118_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As early as 1955, it was Bedford who provided description of cognitive changes in elderly patients following anesthesia and surgery. Reports of individuals with catastrophic, non-stroke-related decline in cognitive functions following anesthesia and surgery lead to a perception in the lay population that anesthesia and surgery have the potential to greatly exaggerate the progression of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a concern that anesthesia and surgery could cause irreversible impairment, leading to AD. This could also explain the accelerated decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment. We seek to explore the relevant literature to determine whether a correlation exists and then propose a possible pathophysiologic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y Sun
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Bocai NI, Marcora MS, Belfiori-Carrasco LF, Morelli L, Castaño EM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Tauopathies: Contrasting Human Brain Pathology with Cellular and Animal Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:439-458. [PMID: 30775999 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and spreading of protein tau in the human brain are major features of neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. In addition to several subcellular abnormalities, tau aggregation within neurons seems capable of triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the consequent unfolded protein response (UPR). In metazoans, full activation of a complex ER-UPR network may restore proteostasis and ER function or, if stress cannot be solved, commit cells to apoptosis. Due to these alternative outcomes (survival or death), the pharmacological manipulation of ER-UPR has become the focus of potential therapies in many human diseases, including tauopathies. Here we update and analyze the experimental data from human brain, cellular, and animal models linking tau accumulation and ER-UPR. We further discuss mechanistic aspects and put the ER-UPR into perspective as a possible therapeutic target in this group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia I Bocai
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Marcora
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro F Belfiori-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Castaño
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Upton DH, Popovic K, Fulton R, Kassiou M. Anaesthetic-dependent changes in gene expression following acute and chronic exposure in the rodent brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9366. [PMID: 32518252 PMCID: PMC7283325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaesthesia has been predicted to affect gene expression of the memory-related regions of the brain including the primary visual cortex. It is also believed that anaesthesia causes inflammation of neural tissues, increasing elderly patients' chances of developing precursor lesions that lead to Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegeneration related diseases. We have analyzed the expression of over 22,000 genes and 129,800 transcripts using oligonucleotide microarrays to examine the brain expression profiles in Sprague Dawley rats following exposure to acute or chronic doses of the anaesthetics isoflurane, ketamine and propofol. Here we report for the first time molecular and genomic data on the effect on the rodent brain of chronic and acute exposure to isoflurane, ketamine and propofol. Our screen identified multiple genes that responded to all three anaesthetics. Although some of the genes were previously known to be anaesthesia responsive, we have for the most part identified novel genes involved in the acute and chronic rodent brain response to different anaesthesia treatments. The latter may be useful candidate genes in the search to elucidate the molecular pathways mediating anaesthetic effects in the brain and may allow us to identify mechanisms by which anaesthetics could impact on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle H Upton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kata Popovic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger Fulton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Physics, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Jiang Y, Li L, Dai CL, Zhou R, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Gu JH, Liu F. Effect of Peripheral Insulin Administration on Phosphorylation of Tau in the Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:1377-1390. [PMID: 32417781 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau is the major protein of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Insulin activates PI3K-AKT signaling and regulates tau phosphorylation. Impaired brain insulin signaling is involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. However, the effect of peripheral insulin on tau phosphorylation is controversial. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we determined the effect of peripheral insulin administration on tau phosphorylation in brain. METHODS We intraperitoneally injected a super physiological dose of insulin to mice and analyzed PI3K-AKT signaling and tau phosphorylation in brains by western blots. RESULTS We found that peripherally administered insulin activated the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway immediately in the liver, but not in the brain. Tau phosphorylation in the mouse brain was found to be first decreased (15 min) and then increased (30 min and 60 min) after peripheral insulin administration and these changes correlated inversely with body temperature and the level of brain protein O-GlcNAcylation. Maintaining body temperature of mice post peripheral insulin administration prevented the insulin/hypoglycemia-induced tau hyperphosphorylation after peripheral insulin administration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that peripheral insulin can induce tau hyperphosphorylation through both hypothermia and downregulation of brain protein O-GlcNAcylation during hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Longfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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22
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Li X, Run X, Wei Z, Zeng K, Liang Z, Huang F, Ke D, Wang Q, Wang JZ, Liu R, Zhang B, Wang X. Intranasal Insulin Prevents Anesthesia-induced Cognitive Impairments in Aged Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:8-18. [PMID: 30381076 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666181031145045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that elderly individuals are at increased risk of cognitive decline after general anesthesia. General anesthesia is also believed to be a risk factor for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Intranasal administration of insulin, which delivers the drug directly into the brain, improves memory and cognition in both animal studies and small clinical trials. However, how insulin treatment improves cognitive function is poorly understood. METHODS Aged mice were pretreated with intranasal insulin or saline before anesthesia. Propofol was added intraperitoneally to the mice from 7th day of insulin/saline treatment, and general anesthesia was induced and maintained for 2 hours/day for 5 consecutive days. Mice were evaluated at 26th day when the mice were continued on insulin or saline administration for another 15 days. RESULTS We found that intranasal insulin treatment prevented anesthesia-induced cognitive impairments, as measured by novel object recognition test and contextual-dependent fear conditioning test. Insulin treatment also increased the expression level of Post-synaptic Density Protein 95 (PSD95), as well as upregulated Microtubule-associated Protein-2 (MAP-2) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that insulin treatment restored insulin signaling disturbed by anesthesia via activating PI3K/PDK1/AKT pathway, and attenuated anesthesia-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau at multiple AD-associated sites. We found the attenuation of tau hyperphosphorylation occurred by increasing the level of GSK3β phosphorylated at Ser9, which leads to inactivation of GSK-3β. CONCLUSION Intranasal insulin administration might be a promising therapy to prevent anesthesiainduced cognitive deficit in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqin Run
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kuan Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhihou Liang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
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23
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Eckenhoff RG, Maze M, Xie Z, Culley DJ, Goodlin SJ, Zuo Z, Wei H, Whittington RA, Terrando N, Orser BA, Eckenhoff MF. Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder: State of the Preclinical Science. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:55-68. [PMID: 31834869 PMCID: PMC6913778 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a succinct summary of the different experimental approaches that have been used in preclinical postoperative cognitive dysfunction research, and an overview of the knowledge that has accrued. This is not intended to be a comprehensive review, but rather is intended to highlight how the many different approaches have contributed to our understanding of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and to identify knowledge gaps to be filled by further research. The authors have organized this report by the level of experimental and systems complexity, starting with molecular and cellular approaches, then moving to intact invertebrates and vertebrate animal models. In addition, the authors' goal is to improve the quality and consistency of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and perioperative neurocognitive disorder research by promoting optimal study design, enhanced transparency, and "best practices" in experimental design and reporting to increase the likelihood of corroborating results. Thus, the authors conclude with general guidelines for designing, conducting and reporting perioperative neurocognitive disorder rodent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic G Eckenhoff
- From Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.G.E., H.W., M.F.E.) Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.M.) Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Z.X.) Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.J.C.) Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Z.X., D.J.C.) Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University and Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (S.J.G.) Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (Z.Z.) Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York (R.A.W.) Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (N.T.) Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (B.A.O.)
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Hector A, McAnulty C, Piché-Lemieux MÉ, Alves-Pires C, Buée-Scherrer V, Buée L, Brouillette J. Tau hyperphosphorylation induced by the anesthetic agent ketamine/xylazine involved the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. FASEB J 2019; 34:2968-2977. [PMID: 31908108 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902135r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tau hyperphosphorylation is a major neuropathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Several anesthetics have been shown previously to induced marked tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the ketamine/xylazine mixture is one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents in animal research and veterinary practice, the effect of this anesthetic agent on tau phosphorylation still remains to be determined. Here, we found that ketamine-/xylazine-induced a rapid and robust hyperphosphorylation of tau in a dose-dependent manner under normothermic and hypothermic conditions in mice. When used together, ketamine and xylazine exerted a synergistic action on tau phosphorylation most strongly not only on epitopes S396 and S262, but also on other residues (T181, and S202/T205). We observed that activation of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the major upstream molecular event leading to tau hyperphosphorylation following ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in mice. Moreover, we observed that intracerebroventricular injection of the selective CaMKII inhibitor KN93 attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation. Since ketamine/xylazine also had a marked impact on other key molecular signaling pathways involving the MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), our study calls for high caution and careful monitoring when using this anesthetic agent in laboratory animal settings across all fields of biological sciences in order to avoid artifactual results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hector
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal Research Center, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christina McAnulty
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal Research Center, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maude-Éloïse Piché-Lemieux
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal Research Center, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claire Alves-Pires
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | | | - Luc Buée
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal Research Center, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Yeh HW, Yeh LT, Chou YH, Yang SF, Ho SW, Yeh YT, Yeh YT, Wang YH, Chan CH, Yeh CB. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Due to General Anesthesia and Neuraxial Anesthesia in Lower-Limb Fracture Patients: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010033. [PMID: 31861460 PMCID: PMC6982192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and type of anesthesia by using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan in a one-year follow-up period. We assessed whether general anesthesia (GA) or neuraxial anesthesia (NA) increased CVD occurrence in lower-limb fracture patients. Approximately 1 million patients were randomly sampled from the NHIRD registry. We identified and enrolled 3437 lower-limb fracture patients who had received anesthesia during operations conducted in the period from 2010 to 2012. Next, patients were divided into two groups, namely GA (n = 1504) and NA (n = 1933), based on the anesthetic technique received during surgery. Our results revealed that those receiving GA did not differ in their risk of CVD relative to those receiving NA, adjusted HR = 1.24 (95% CI: 0.80–1.92). Patients who received GA for more than 2 h also did not differ in their risk of CVD relative to those receiving NA for less than 2 h, adjusted HR = 1.43 (95% CI: 0.81–2.50). Moreover, in the GA group (i.e., patients aged ≥65 years and women), no significant difference for the risk of CVD events was observed. In conclusion, in our study, the difference in the risk of CVD between lower-limb fracture patients receiving NA and GA was not statistically significant. The incidence rate of CVD seemed to be more correlated with patients’ underlying characteristics such as old age, comorbidities, or admission to the intensive care unit. Due to the limited sample size in this study, a database which reviews a whole national population will be required to verify our results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Tsai Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (L.-T.Y.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-F.Y.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiang Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (L.-T.Y.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-F.Y.)
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (L.-T.Y.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-F.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Sai-Wai Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tung Yeh
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ting Yeh
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ho Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (C.-B.Y.)
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (C.-B.Y.)
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26
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Ligsay A, El-Deeb M, Salcedo-Arellano MJ, Schloemerkemper N, Grayson JS, Hagerman R. General Anesthetic Use in Fragile X Spectrum Disorders. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2019; 31:285-290. [PMID: 29734272 PMCID: PMC6215737 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The fragile X premutation is characterized by a repeat expansion mutation (between 55 to 200 CGG repeats) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, which leads to RNA toxicity at the cellular level. This may cause patients with the premutation to be particularly susceptible to environmental toxins, which could manifest clinically as new or worsening ataxia and memory loss. Multiple published case reports have also suggested general anesthetics as a potential toxin leading to negative side effects when used in patients with fragile X-associated disorders. However, at this time, there have been no formal research studies regarding cellular changes or long-term clinical manifestations after general anesthetic use in this population. This review aims to highlight previous case reports regarding sequelae related to general anesthetic use in fragile X-associated disorders. New case reports related to this phenomenon are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ligsay
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marwa El-Deeb
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria J Salcedo-Arellano
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nina Schloemerkemper
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy S. Grayson
- Department of Anesthesia, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Randi Hagerman
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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27
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Hiskens MI, Angoa-Pérez M, Schneiders AG, Vella RK, Fenning AS. Modeling sports-related mild traumatic brain injury in animals-A systematic review. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1194-1222. [PMID: 31135069 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sports-related head trauma has emerged as an important public health issue, as mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) may result in neurodegenerative disorders such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Research into mTBI and CTE pathophysiology are difficult to undertake in athletes, with observational trials and post-mortem analysis the current mainstays. Thus, animal models play an important role in the study of mTBI, however, traditional animal models have focused on acute, severe injuries rather than the more typical mTBI's seen in sport injuries. Recently, a number of animal models have been developed that are both appropriately scaled and biomechanically relevant to the forces sustained by athletes. This review aimed to examine the literature for variables included in these animal models, and the resulting neurotrauma as evidenced by pathology and behavioral deficits. A systematic search of the literature was performed in multiple electronic databases. The inclusion criteria required mimicry of athlete mTBI conditions: freedom of head movement, lack of surgical alteration of the skull, and application of direct contact force. Studies were analyzed for variables including apparatus design features (impact force, change in animal head velocity, and kinetic energy transfer to the head), demonstrated pathology (phosphorylated tau, TDP-43 aggregation, diffuse axonal injury, gliosis, cytokine inflammation response, and genetic integrity), and behavioral changes. These studies suggested that appropriate animal models can assist in understanding the pathological and functional outcomes of athlete mTBI, and could be used as a platform for future studies of diagnostic/prognostic markers and in the development of treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Hiskens
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Mariana Angoa-Pérez
- Research & Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Anthony G Schneiders
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Branyan, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Vella
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Andrew S Fenning
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
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Subacute to chronic Alzheimer-like alterations after controlled cortical impact in human tau transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3789. [PMID: 30846870 PMCID: PMC6405988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to late life development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disorder histopathologically characterized by perivascular tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau at the depth of sulci to later widespread neurofibrillary pathology. Although tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary-like pathology have been observed in the brain of transgenic mice overexpressing human tau with aggregation-prone mutation after TBI, they have not been consistently recapitulated in rodents expressing wild-type tau only. Here, we characterized Alzheimer-like alterations behaviorally, biochemically and immunohistochemically 6 weeks and 7 months after unilateral mild-to-moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) in 5–7-month-old Tg/htau mice, which express all six isoforms of non-mutated human tau in a mouse tau null background. We detected hyperphosphorylation of tau at multiple sites in ipsilateral hippocampus 6 weeks but not 7 months after CCI. However, neuronal accumulation of AT8 positive phospho-tau was sustained in the chronic phase, in parallel to prolonged astrogliosis, and decreased neural and synaptic markers. The mice with CCI also exhibited cognitive and locomotor impairment. These results indicate subacute to chronic Alzheimer-like alterations after CCI in Tg/htau mice. This is the first known study providing insight into the role of CCI in Alzheimer-like brain alterations in young adult mice expressing only non-mutated human tau.
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Administration of the benzodiazepine midazolam increases tau phosphorylation in the mouse brain. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 75:11-24. [PMID: 30508732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that anesthesia might accelerate the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can have an impact on tau pathology, a hallmark of AD. Although benzodiazepines have been suggested to increase the risk of incident dementia, their impact on tau pathology in vivo is unknown. We thus examined the impact of midazolam, a benzodiazepine that is often administered perioperatively as an anxiolytic, on tau hyperphosphorylation in nontransgenic and in hTau mice, the latter a model of AD-like tau pathology. The acute administration of midazolam in C57BL/6 mice was associated with downregulation of protein phosphatase-1 and a significant and persistent increase in brain tau phosphorylation. In hTau mice, tau hyperphosphorylation was also observed; however, midazolam was neither associated with proaggregant changes nor spatial reference memory impairment. In C57BL/6 mice, chronic midazolam administration immediately increased hippocampal tau phosphorylation, and this effect was more pronounced in older mice. Interestingly, in young C57BL/6 mice, chronic midazolam administration induced hippocampal tau hyperphosphorylation, which persisted for 1 week. In hTau mice, chronic midazolam administration increased hippocampal tau phosphorylation and, although this was not associated with proaggregant changes, this correlated with a decreased capacity of tau to bind to preassembled microtubules. These findings suggest that midazolam can induce significant tau hyperphosphorylation in vivo, which persists well beyond recovery from its sedative effects. Moreover, it can disrupt one of tau's critical functions. Hence, future studies should focus on the impact of more prolonged or repeated benzodiazepine exposure on tau pathology and cognitive decline.
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30
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Mouzon B, Bachmeier C, Ojo J, Acker C, Ferguson S, Crynen G, Davies P, Mullan M, Stewart W, Crawford F. Chronic White Matter Degeneration, but No Tau Pathology at One-Year Post-Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Tau Transgenic Model. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:576-588. [PMID: 29993324 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy has been documented in the brains of individuals with a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). At this stage, the pathobiological role of tau in r-mTBI has not been extensively explored in appropriate pre-clinical models. Here, we describe the acute and chronic behavioral and histopathological effects of single and repetitive mild TBI (five injuries given at 48 h intervals) in young adult (3 months old) hTau mice that express all six isoforms of hTau on a null murine tau background. Animals exposed to r-mTBI showed impaired visuospatial learning in the Barnes maze test that progressively worsened from two weeks to 12 months post-injury, which was also accompanied by significant deficits in visuospatial memory consolidation at 12 months post-injury. In contrast, only marginal changes were observed in visuospatial learning at six and 12 months after single mTBI. Histopathological analyses revealed that hTau mice developed axonal injury, thinning of the corpus callosum, microgliosis and astrogliosis in the white matter at acute and chronic time points after injury. Tau immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data suggest, however, only transient, injury-dependent increases in phosphorylated tau in the cerebral cortex beneath the impact site and in the CA1/CA3 subregion of the hippocampus after single or r-mTBI. This study implicates white matter degeneration as a prominent feature of survival from mTBI, while the role of tau pathology in the neuropathological sequelae of TBI remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Davies
- 2 Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, New York
| | | | - William Stewart
- 3 Department of Neuropathology, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow, Scotland
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31
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Ward CG, Eckenhoff RG. Neurocognitive Adverse Effects of Anesthesia in Adults and Children: Gaps in Knowledge. Drug Saf 2017; 39:613-26. [PMID: 27098249 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous preclinical and clinical studies investigating the neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive effects of exposure to anesthesia and the combination of anesthesia and surgery have demonstrated histopathological and both temporary and long-term cognitive and behavioral effects at the extremes of the human age spectrum. Increasing coverage in the lay press for both our youngest and oldest patient populations has led to heightened concerns regarding the potential harmful side effects of almost all commonly used anesthetic drug regimens. Although the majority of information regarding anesthetic risks in the developing brain derives from preclinical work in rodents, research involving the aged brain has identified a well-defined postoperative cognitive phenotype in humans. While preclinical and clinical data appear to support some association between anesthesia and surgery and the development of detrimental cognitive changes in both the developing and the aged brain, correlation between anesthesia and surgery and poor neurological outcomes does not imply causation. Given this information, no single anesthetic or group of anesthetics can be recommended over any other in terms of causing or preventing negative neurocognitive outcomes in either population. This review summarizes the growing body of preclinical and clinical literature dedicated to the detrimental effects of anesthesia on both the developing and the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Ward
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Roderic G Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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32
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Taleski G, Sontag E. Protein phosphatase 2A and tau: an orchestrated 'Pas de Deux'. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:1079-1095. [PMID: 29121398 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau serves a critical role in regulating axonal microtubule dynamics to support neuronal and synaptic functions. Furthermore, it contributes to glutamatergic regulation and synaptic plasticity. Emerging evidence also suggests that tau serves as a signaling scaffold. Tau function and subcellular localization are tightly regulated, in part, by the orchestrated interplay between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Significantly, protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A), encompassing the regulatory PPP2R2A (or Bα) subunit, is a major brain heterotrimeric enzyme and the primary tau Ser/Thr phosphatase in vivo. Herein, we closely examine how the intimate and compartmentalized interactions between PP2A and tau regulate tau phosphorylation and function, and play an essential role in neuronal homeostasis. We also review evidence supporting a strong link between deregulation of tau-PP2A functional interactions and the molecular underpinnings of various neurodegenerative diseases collectively called tauopathies. Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and associated challenges in more specifically targeting PP2A-tau interactions for drug development for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goce Taleski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Craddock TJA, Kurian P, Preto J, Sahu K, Hameroff SR, Klobukowski M, Tuszynski JA. Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9877. [PMID: 28852014 PMCID: PMC5575257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. While the exact mechanisms of anesthetic action are unknown, the Meyer-Overton correlation provides a link between anesthetic potency and solubility in a lipid-like, non-polar medium. Anesthetic action is also related to an anesthetic's hydrophobicity, permanent dipole, and polarizability, and is accepted to occur in lipid-like, non-polar regions within brain proteins. Generally the protein target for anesthetics is assumed to be neuronal membrane receptors and ion channels, however new evidence points to critical effects on intra-neuronal microtubules, a target of interest due to their potential role in post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Here we use binding site predictions on tubulin, the protein subunit of microtubules, with molecular docking simulations, quantum chemistry calculations, and theoretical modeling of collective dipole interactions in tubulin to investigate the effect of a group of gases including anesthetics, non-anesthetics, and anesthetic/convulsants on tubulin dynamics. We found that these gases alter collective terahertz dipole oscillations in a manner that is correlated with their anesthetic potency. Understanding anesthetic action may help reveal brain mechanisms underlying consciousness, and minimize POCD in the choice and development of anesthetics used during surgeries for patients suffering from neurodegenerative conditions with compromised cytoskeletal microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J A Craddock
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Computer Science, and Clinical Immunology, and the Clinical Systems Biology Group, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
| | - Philip Kurian
- National Human Genome Center and Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, and Computational Physics Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jordane Preto
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kamlesh Sahu
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stuart R Hameroff
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychology, Center for Consciousness Studies, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Towards a Better Understanding of GABAergic Remodeling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081813. [PMID: 28825683 PMCID: PMC5578199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. In the past, there has been a major research drive focused on the dysfunction of the glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is now growing evidence in support of a GABAergic contribution to the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies paint a complex, convoluted and often inconsistent picture of AD-associated GABAergic remodeling. Given the importance of the GABAergic system in neuronal function and homeostasis, in the maintenance of the excitatory/inhibitory balance, and in the processes of learning and memory, such changes in GABAergic function could be an important factor in both early and later stages of AD pathogenesis. Given the limited scope of currently available therapies in modifying the course of the disease, a better understanding of GABAergic remodeling in AD could open up innovative and novel therapeutic opportunities.
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35
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Kim MJ, Rehman SU, Amin FU, Kim MO. Enhanced neuroprotection of anthocyanin-loaded PEG-gold nanoparticles against Aβ 1-42-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via the NF- KB /JNK/GSK3β signaling pathway. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2533-2544. [PMID: 28736294 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the main hallmarks considered to be associated with neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery approaches have been found to be a useful tool in the neurotherapeutics field. Therefore, we examined and compared the neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins alone and anthocyanin-loaded poly (ethylene glycol)-gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) in Aβ1-42-injected mouse and in vitro models of AD. We determined that anthocyanins alone or conjugated with PEG-AuNPs (AnPEG-AuNPs) reduced Aβ1-42-induced neuroinflammatory and neuroapoptotic markers via inhibiting the p-JNK/NF-κB/p-GSK3β pathway in both in vivo and in vitro AD models. However, anthocyanins loaded with PEG-AuNPs were more effective compared to anthocyanins alone. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PEG-coated gold anthocyanins nanoparticles could be a new therapeutic agent in the field of nanomedicine to prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Kim
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Faiz Ul Amin
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Anesthesia, brain changes, and behavior: Insights from neural systems biology. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:121-160. [PMID: 28189740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chen Y, Dai CL, Wu Z, Iqbal K, Liu F, Zhang B, Gong CX. Intranasal Insulin Prevents Anesthesia-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Chronic Neurobehavioral Changes. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:136. [PMID: 28539885 PMCID: PMC5424543 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia increases the risk for cognitive impairment post operation, especially in the elderly and vulnerable individuals. Recent animal studies on the impact of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive impairment have provided some valuable insights, but much remains to be understood. Here, by using mice of various ages and conditions, we found that anesthesia with propofol and sevoflurane caused significant deficits in spatial learning and memory, as tested using Morris Water Maze (MWM) 2–6 days after anesthesia exposure, in aged (17–18 months old) wild-type (WT) mice and in adult (7–8 months old) 3xTg-AD mice (a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)), but not in adult WT mice. Anesthesia resulted in long-term neurobehavioral changes in the fear conditioning task carried out 65 days after exposure to anesthesia in 3xTg-AD mice. Importantly, daily intranasal administration of insulin (1.75 U/mouse/day) for only 3 days prior to anesthesia completely prevented the anesthesia-induced deficits in spatial learning and memory and the long-term neurobehavioral changes tested 65 days after exposure to anesthesia in 3xTg-AD mice. These results indicate that aging and AD-like brain pathology increase the vulnerability to cognitive impairment after anesthesia and that intranasal treatment with insulin can prevent anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew York, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning, China
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew York, NY, USA
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew York, NY, USA
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Zhang H, Ye J, Shi Z, Bu C, Bao F. Quantitative analyses of the global proteome and phosphoproteome reveal the different impacts of propofol and dexmedetomidine on HT22 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46455. [PMID: 28418008 PMCID: PMC5394455 DOI: 10.1038/srep46455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol and dexmedetomidine are both commonly used anaesthetics. Although they employ two different mechanisms to induce anaesthesia, both compounds influence the hippocampus and the HT22 cell line. HT22 cells are broadly used in neurobiological research. In this study, we assessed the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on signalling in HT22 cells. Using the SILAC (stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture) labelling technique, IMAC (immobilized metal affinity chromatography) enrichment and high-resolution LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) analysis, we investigated the quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome in HT22 cells treated with propofol or dexmedetomidine. In total, 4,527 proteins and 6,824 phosphosites were quantified in cells treated with these two anaesthetics. With the assistance of intensive bioinformatics, the propofol and dexmedetomidine treatments were shown to induce distinct proteome and phosphoproteome profiles in HT22 cells. Consistent with our bioinformatics analysis, dexmedetomidine had a smaller effect than propofol on cell survival. These findings deepen our understanding of drug-induced anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhaomei Shi
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chen Bu
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fangping Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Tournissac M, Vandal M, François A, Planel E, Calon F. Old age potentiates cold-induced tau phosphorylation: linking thermoregulatory deficit with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 50:25-29. [PMID: 27838492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermoregulatory deficits coincide with a rise in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in old age. Lower body temperature increases tau phosphorylation, a neuropathological hallmark of AD. To determine whether old age potentiates cold-induced tau phosphorylation, we compared the effects of cold exposure (4 °C, 24 hours) in 6- and 18-month-old mice. Cold-induced changes in body temperature, brown adipose tissue activity, and phosphorylation of tau at Ser202 were not different between 6- and 18-month-old mice. However, following cold exposure, only old mice displayed a significant rise in soluble tau pThr181 and pThr231, which was correlated with body temperature. Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β was more prominent in young mice, suggesting a protective mechanism against cold-induced tau phosphorylation. These results suggest that old age confers higher susceptibility to tau hyperphosphorylation following a change in body temperature, thereby contributing to an enhanced risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud François
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Comparison of the type and severity of early attentional network decline after total intravenous or epidural anesthesia in middle-aged women after gynecological surgery. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:293-9. [PMID: 27028371 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared with regional anesthesia, general anesthesia may increase the risk of postoperative cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the type and severity of attentional network decline and the recovery of attentional networks in middle-aged women after gynecological surgery. A total of 140 consenting women undergoing elective gynecological surgery were enrolled in the study. Patients were assigned randomly to receive either total intravenous anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. To determine the efficacy of the attentional networks, patients were examined for alerting, orienting, and executive networks on the preoperative day and on the first and fifth postoperative days using the attentional network test. Significant differences were observed in the effect scores of the three attentional networks at all time points. These effect scores differed significantly between groups and between 1 and 5 days postoperation (DPO). Participants showed significantly lower effect scores for the alerting and orienting network tasks and had more difficulties in resolving conflict at 1 DPO compared with the baseline. On comparing effect scores between baseline and 5 DPO, no significant differences on the alerting and orienting network tasks were observed in the epidural anesthesia group, a significant difference on the orienting network task was observed in the general anesthesia group, and significant differences on the executive control network were observed in both the groups. Compared with epidural anesthesia, total intravenous anesthesia is more likely to impair and delay the recovery of attentional networks in middle-aged women undergoing elective hysterectomy. The executive control function showed marked damage and there were difficulties in recovery from either type of anesthesia.
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41
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The hippocampal cyclin D1 expression is involved in postoperative cognitive dysfunction after sevoflurane exposure in aged mice. Life Sci 2016; 160:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Intranasal Insulin Prevents Anesthesia-Induced Spatial Learning and Memory Deficit in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21186. [PMID: 26879001 PMCID: PMC4754754 DOI: 10.1038/srep21186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly individuals are at increased risk of cognitive decline after anesthesia. General anesthesia is believed to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). At present, there is no treatment that can prevent anesthesia-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Here, we treated mice with daily intranasal administration of insulin (1.75 U/day) for one week before anesthesia induced by intraperitoneal injection of propofol and maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane for 1 hr. We found that the insulin treatment prevented anesthesia-induced deficit in spatial learning and memory, as measured by Morris water maze task during 1–5 days after exposure to anesthesia. The insulin treatment also attenuated anesthesia-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau and promoted the expression of synaptic proteins and insulin signaling in the brain. These findings show a therapeutic potential of intranasal administration of insulin before surgery to reduce the risk of anesthesia-induced cognitive decline and AD.
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43
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Huang C, Ng OTW, Ho YS, Irwin MG, Chang RCC, Wong GTC. Effect of Continuous Propofol Infusion in Rat on Tau Phosphorylation with or without Temperature Control. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:213-26. [PMID: 26836157 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest a relationship between anesthesia-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study further characterized the effects of continuous propofol infusion on tau protein phosphorylation in rats, with or without temperature control. Propofol was administered intravenously to 8-10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and infused to the loss of the righting reflex for 2 h continuously. Proteins from cortex and hippocampus were examined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Rectal temperature was significantly decreased during propofol infusion. Propofol with hypothermia significantly increased phosphorylation of tau at AT8, AT180, Thr205, and Ser199 in cortex and hippocampus except Ser396. With temperature maintenance, propofol still induced significant elevation of AT8, Thr205, and Ser199 in cortex and hippocampus; however, increase of AT180 and Ser396 was only found in hippocampus and cortex, respectively. Differential effects of propofol with or without hypothermia on multiple tau related kinases, such as Akt/GSK3β, MAPK pathways, or phosphatase (PP2A), were demonstrated in region-specific manner. These findings indicated that propofol increased tau phosphorylation under both normothermic and hypothermic conditions, and temperature control could partially attenuate the hyperphosphorylation of tau. Further studies are warranted to determine the long-term impact of propofol on the tau pathology and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Olivia Tsz-Wa Ng
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Garnet Irwin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gordon Tin-Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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44
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Gyoneva S, Kim D, Katsumoto A, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Lamb BT, Ransohoff RM. Ccr2 deletion dissociates cavity size and tau pathology after mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:228. [PMID: 26634348 PMCID: PMC4669659 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Millions of people experience traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a result of falls, car accidents, sports injury, and blast. TBI has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In the initial hours and days, the pathology of TBI comprises neuronal injury, breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, and inflammation. At the cellular level, the inflammatory reaction consists of responses by brain-resident microglia, astrocytes, and vascular elements as well as infiltration of peripheral cells. After TBI, signaling by chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) to the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) is a key regulator of brain infiltration by monocytes. Methods We utilized mice with one or both copies of Ccr2 disrupted by red fluorescent protein (RFP, Ccr2RFP/+ and Ccr2RFP/RFP). We subjected these mice to the mild lateral fluid percussion model of TBI and examined several pathological outcomes 3 days later in order to determine the effects of altered monocyte entry into the brain. Results Ccr2 deletion reduced monocyte infiltration, diminished lesion cavity volume, and lessened axonal damage after mild TBI, but the microglial reaction to the lesion was not affected. We further examined phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which aggregates in brains of people with TBI, AD, and CTE. Surprisingly, Ccr2 deletion was associated with increased tau mislocalization to the cell body in the cortex and hippocampus by tissue staining and increased levels of phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus by Western blot. Conclusions Disruption of CCR2 enhanced tau pathology and reduced cavity volume in the context of TBI. The data reveal a complex role for CCR2+ monocytes in TBI, as monitored by cavity volume, axonal damage, and tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefka Gyoneva
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroinflammation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroimmunology, Biogen, 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroinflammation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Atsuko Katsumoto
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroinflammation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - O Nicole Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroinflammation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroinflammation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroinflammation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neuroimmunology, Biogen, 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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45
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García PS, Duggan EW, McCullough IL, Lee SC, Fishman D. Postanesthesia Care for the Elderly Patient. Clin Ther 2015; 37:2651-65. [PMID: 26598176 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the general population lives longer, the perioperative physician is more likely to encounter disease states that increase in incidence in an aging population. This review focuses on anesthetic considerations for rational drug choices during the perioperative care of elderly patients. The primary aim of the review was to identify intraoperative and postanesthetic considerations for diseases associated with advancing age; it includes highlights of the commonly impaired major organs (eg, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurologic, renal, hepatic systems). We also outline an approach to frequent issues that arise in the immediate postsurgical period while caring for these patients. METHODS A systematic review was performed on aspects of the perioperative and postoperative periods that relate to the elderly. A list of pertinent key words was derived from the authors, and a PubMed database search was performed. FINDINGS The anesthesiologist must account for changes in various organ systems that affect perioperative care, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, and central nervous systems. The pharmacokinetic principles frequently differ and are often unpredictable because of anatomic changes and decreased renal and hepatic function. The most important pharmacodynamic consideration is that elderly patients tend to exhibit an exaggerated hypoactivity after anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS Before surgery, it is essential to identify those patients at risk for delirium and other commonly encountered postanesthesia scenarios. Failure to manage these conditions appropriately can lead to an escalation of care and prolonged hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S García
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Elizabeth W Duggan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ian L McCullough
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Simon C Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Fishman
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
Exposure to anesthesia and surgery has been hypothesized to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the exact pathogenesis of AD remains unknown, it potentially involves specific proteins (eg, amyloid beta and tau) and neuroinflammation. A growing body of preclinical evidence also suggests that anesthetic agents interact with the components that mediate AD neuropathology at multiple levels. However, it remains unclear whether anesthesia and surgery are associated with an increased risk of AD in humans. To date, there have not been randomized controlled trials to provide evidence for such a causal relationship. Besides, observational studies showed inconsistent results. A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies revealed no statistically significant association between general anesthesia and the development of AD (pooled odds ratio [OR] =1.05; P=0.43). However, a few retrospective cohort studies have demonstrated that exposure to anesthesia and surgery is associated with an increased risk of AD. Thus, well-designed studies with longer follow-up periods are still needed to define the role of anesthesia in relation to the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Ilan, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China ; National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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47
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Braak H, Del Tredici K. The preclinical phase of the pathological process underlying sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2015; 138:2814-33. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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de Paula CAD, Santiago FE, de Oliveira ASA, Oliveira FA, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC. The Co-chaperone BAG2 Mediates Cold-Induced Accumulation of Phosphorylated Tau in SH-SY5Y Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Whittington RA, Virág L, Gratuze M, Petry FR, Noël A, Poitras I, Truchetti G, Marcouiller F, Papon MA, El Khoury N, Wong K, Bretteville A, Morin F, Planel E. Dexmedetomidine increases tau phosphorylation under normothermic conditions in vivo and in vitro. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2414-28. [PMID: 26058840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is developing interest in the potential association between anesthesia and the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Several anesthetics have, thus, been demonstrated to induce tau hyperphosphorylation, an effect mostly mediated by anesthesia-induced hypothermia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that acute normothermic administration of dexmedetomidine (Dex), an intravenous sedative used in intensive care units, would result in tau hyperphosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. When administered to nontransgenic mice, Dex-induced tau hyperphosphorylation persisting up to 6 hours in the hippocampus for the AT8 epitope. Pretreatment with atipamezole, a highly specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, blocked Dex-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, Dex dose-dependently increased tau phosphorylation at AT8 in SH-SY5Y cells, impaired mice spatial memory in the Barnes maze and promoted tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in transgenic hTau mice. These findings suggest that Dex: (1) increases tau phosphorylation, in vivo and in vitro, in the absence of anesthetic-induced hypothermia and through α2-adrenergic receptor activation, (2) promotes tau aggregation in a mouse model of tauopathy, and (3) impacts spatial reference memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - László Virág
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maud Gratuze
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Franck R Petry
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Anastasia Noël
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Poitras
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Truchetti
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Marcouiller
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Amélie Papon
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Noura El Khoury
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Bretteville
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuel Planel
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Neurosciences, CHUL, CRCHU, Québec, Québec, Canada
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50
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Jiang J, Jiang H. Effect of the inhaled anesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3-12. [PMID: 25738734 PMCID: PMC4438950 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals >65 years of age is 13% and ~66 million individuals in this age group undergo surgery annually under anesthesia. It is therefore important to determine whether commonly used inhaled anesthetics induce cytotoxicity, which may lead to neurodegeneration. Findings from several studies suggest that the anesthetics, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane, may activate caspases, increase the synthesis and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein, and induce hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, all of which are cellular responses consistent with the neuropathogenesis of AD. Other studies have arrived at different and occasionally contradictory conclusions. The present review attempts to resolve this discrepancy by reviewing previous studies, which have investigated the effects of commonly used inhaled anesthetics on the synthesis and accumulation of Aβ, tau pathology and cognitive function. The possible underlying mechanism was also reviewed. However, several aspects of this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Further studies are required to fully examine anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and elucidate the effect of inhaled anesthetics on the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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