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Wanionok NE, Morel GR, Fernández JM. Osteoporosis and Alzheimer´s disease (or Alzheimer´s disease and Osteoporosis). Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102408. [PMID: 38969142 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two diseases that mainly affect elderly people, with increases in the occurrence of cases due to a longer life expectancy. Several epidemiological studies have shown a reciprocal association between both diseases, finding an increase in incidence of osteoporosis in patients with AD, and a higher burden of AD in osteoporotic patients. This epidemiological relationship has motivated the search for molecules, genes, signaling pathways and mechanisms that are related to both pathologies. The mechanisms found in these studies can serve to improve treatments and establish better patient care protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel E Wanionok
- Laboratorio de Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Cs. Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata UNLP-CIC, Argentina
| | - Gustavo R Morel
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), Argentina
| | - Juan M Fernández
- Laboratorio de Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Cs. Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata UNLP-CIC, Argentina.
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Liu ZT, Liu MH, Xiong Y, Wang YJ, Bu XL. Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38824621 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves multiple systems in the body. Numerous recent studies have revealed bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and bone, but the interaction between bone and brain in AD remains unclear. In this review, we summarize human studies of the association between bone and brain and provide an overview of their interactions and the underlying mechanisms in AD. We review the effects of AD on bone from the aspects of AD pathogenic proteins, AD risk genes, neurohormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the autonomic nervous system. Correspondingly, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of bone in the pathogenesis of AD, including bone-derived hormones, bone marrow-derived cells, bone-derived EVs, and inflammation. On the basis of the crosstalk between bone and the brain, we propose potential strategies for the management of AD with the hope of offering novel perspectives on its prevention and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: The pathogenesis of AD, along with its consequent changes in the brain, may involve disturbing bone homeostasis. Degenerative bone disorders may influence the progression of AD through a series of pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, relevant bone intervention strategies may be beneficial for the comprehensive management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Moon RJ, D'Angelo S, Crozier SR, Fernandes M, Fall C, Gale CR, Godfrey KM, Davies JH, Cooper C, Harvey NC. Cognitive function and skeletal size and mineral density at age 6-7 years: Findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Bone 2024; 182:117067. [PMID: 38438096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor cognitive function and osteoporosis commonly co-exist in later life. In women, this is often attributed to post-menopausal estrogen loss. However, a common early life origin for these conditions and the associations between cognitive function and bone mineral density (BMD) in childhood have not previously been explored. We examined these relationships at age 6-7 years in the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS) mother-offspring cohort. METHODS Child occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), a proxy for brain volume, intelligence quotient (IQ) [Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence] and visual recognition and working memory [CANTAB® Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS) and Spatial Span Length (SSP), respectively] were assessed. Whole-body-less-head (WBLH) and lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [Hologic Discovery] (DXA) were performed to measure bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), BMD and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). Linear regression was used to examine associations between age and sex standardized variables (β represent standard deviation (SD) difference per SD of cognitive function). RESULTS DXA was performed in 1331 children (mean (SD) age 6.8 (0.33) years, 51.5 % male), with OFC, IQ, DMS and SSP assessed in 1250, 551, 490 and 460, respectively. OFC (β = 0.25 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.20,0.30), IQ (β = 0.11 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.02,0.19), and DMS (β = 0.11, SD/SD, 95%CI 0.01,0.20) were positively associated with WBLH BA, with similar associations for lumbar spine BA. OFC and DMS were also positively associated with WBLH BMC, but only OFC was associated with BMD (WBLH: β = 0.38 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.33,0.43; LS: β = 0.19 SD/SD, 95%CI 0.13,0.24). CONCLUSION Childhood brain volume was positively associated with measures of skeletal size and BMD, whereas IQ and memory were associated only with skeletal size. These findings suggest that common early life determinants for skeletal growth and BMD and cognitive function should be explored to identify potential early-life approaches to preventing osteoporosis and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Paediatric Endocrinology, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Stefania D'Angelo
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah R Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre, 2 Venture Road, Chilworth, Southampton SO16 7NP, UK
| | - Michelle Fernandes
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Department of Neonatal Medicine, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Qiu J, Xu J, Cai Y, Li M, Peng Y, Xu Y, Chen G. Catgut embedding in acupoints combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1295429. [PMID: 38606276 PMCID: PMC11008468 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1295429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To date, the clinical modulation for bone metabolism based on the neuro-bone mass regulation theory is still not popular. The stimulation of nerve systems to explore novel treatments for Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is urgent and significant. Preliminary research results suggested that changes brain function and structure may play a crucial role in bone metabolism with PMOP. Thus, we set up a clinical trial to investigate the effect of the combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and catgut embedding in acupoints (CEA) for PMOP and to elucidate the central mechanism of this neural stimulation in regulating bone metabolism. Method This trial is a prospective and randomized controlled trial. 96 PMOP participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio into a CEA group, an rTMS group, or a combined one. Participants will receive CEA, rTMS, or combined therapy for 3 months with 8 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcomes will be the changes in Bone Mineral Density scores, total efficiency of Chinese Medicine Symptoms before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes include the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short-Form, Osteoporosis Symptom Score, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. The leptin, leptin receptor, and norepinephrine levels of peripheral blood must be measured before and after treatment. Adverse events that occur during the trial will be recorded. Discussion CEA achieves brain-bone mass regulation through the bottom-up way of peripheral-central while rTMS achieves it through the top-down stimulation of central-peripheral. CEA combined with rTMS can stimulate the peripheral-central at the same time and promote peripheral bone mass formation. The combination of CEA and rTMS may play a coordinating, synergistic, and side-effect-reducing role, which is of great clinical significance in exploring better treatment options for PMOP.Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2300073863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qiu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - JiaZi Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyue Cai
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghong Li
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingsin Peng
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxiang Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guizhen Chen
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Gao F, Pan R, Fan T, Liu L, Pan H. Identification of heel bone mineral density as a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease by analyzing large-scale genome-wide association studies datasets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1247067. [PMID: 38099291 PMCID: PMC10720361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1247067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Both low bone mineral density (BMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly co_occur in the older adult. Until now, the association between AD and BMD has been widely reported by observational studies. However, Mendelian randomization (MR) studies did not support the causal association between BMD and AD. We think that the lack of significant causal association between AD and BMD identified by recent MR studies may be caused by small number of potential instrumental variables. Methods: We conduct a MR study to evaluate the causal effect of heel BMD on the risk of AD using 1,362 genome-wide significant and independent (p < 5.00E-08) heel BMD genetic variants as the potential instrumental variables, which are identified by a large-scale genome wide association study (GWAS) of heel BMD in 394,929 UK Biobank individuals. Using these 1,362 genome-wide significant and independent heel BMD genetic variants, we extracted their corresponding AD GWAS summary results in IGAP AD GWAS dataset (n = 63,926) and FinnGen AD GWAS dataset (n = 377,277). Five methods including inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and MRlap were selected to perform the MR analysis. 951 of these 1,362 genetic variants are available in AD GWAS dataset. Results: We observed statistically significant causal effect of heel BMD on the risk of AD using IVW in IGAP AD GWAS dataset (OR = 1.048, 95%CI: 1.002-1.095, p = 0.04) and FinnGen AD GWAS dataset (OR = 1.053, 95% CI:1.011-1.098, p = 0.011). Importantly, meta-analysis of IVW estimates from IGAP and FinnGen further supported the causal effect of heel BMD on the risk of AD (OR = 1.051, 95% CI: 1.02-1.083, p = 0.0013). Discussion: Collectively, our current MR study supports heel BMD to be a risk factor of AD by analyzing the large-scale heel BMD and AD GWAS datasets. The potential mechanisms underlying the association between heel BMD and AD should be further evaluated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongrong Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshan People’s Hospital, Huangshan, China
| | - Taixuan Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haile Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Pang Y, Zhu S, Xu J, Su C, Wu B, Zhang C, Gao J. Myeloid Cells As a Promising Target for Brain-Bone Degenerative Diseases from a Metabolic Point of View. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200321. [PMID: 36750967 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain and bone degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis are common in the aging population and lack efficient pharmacotherapies. Myeloid cells are a diverse group of mononuclear cells that plays important roles in development, immune defense, and tissue homeostasis. Aging drastically alters the expansion and function of myeloid cells, which might be a common pathogenesis of the brain-bone degenerative diseases. From this perspective, the role of myeloid cells in brain-bone degenerative diseases is discussed, with a particular focus on metabolic alterations in myeloid cells. Furthermore, targeting myeloid cells through metabolic regulation via drugs such as metformin and melatonin is proposed as a potential therapy for the clinical treatment of brain-bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cuimin Su
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362200, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362200, China
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Guo B, Wang C, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Long H, Ruan Z, Lin Z, Fan Z, Li Y, Zhao S. Causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density: a large-scale genetic correlation study. Bone Res 2023; 11:37. [PMID: 37474577 PMCID: PMC10359275 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density (BMD). Based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 1 325 brain imaging-derived phenotypes (BIDPs) of brain structure from the UK Biobank and GWAS summary datasets of 5 BMD locations, including the total body, femoral neck, lumbar spine, forearm, and heel from the GEFOS Consortium, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was conducted to determine the genetic correlations, and Mendelian randomization (MR) was then performed to explore the causal relationship between the BIDPs and BMD. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the strength and stability of the present MR outcomes. To increase confidence in our findings, we also performed confirmatory MR between BIDPs and osteoporosis. LDSC revealed that 1.93% of BIDPs, with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, were genetically correlated with BMD. Additionally, we observed that 1.31% of BIDPs exhibited a significant causal relationship with BMD (FDR < 0.01) through MR. Both the LDSC and MR results demonstrated that the BIDPs "Volume of normalized brain," "Volume of gray matter in Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus, pars opercularis," "Volume of Estimated Total Intra Cranial" and "Volume-ratio of brain segmentation/estimated total intracranial" had strong associations with BMD. Interestingly, our results showed that more left BIDPs were causally associated with BMD, especially within and around the left frontal region. In conclusion, a part of the brain structure causally influences BMD, which may provide important perspectives for the prevention of osteoporosis and offer valuable insights for further research on the brain-bone axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Shushan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Rahmati M, Shariatzadeh Joneydi M, Koyanagi A, Yang G, Ji B, Won Lee S, Keon Yon D, Smith L, Il Shin J, Li Y. Resistance training restores skeletal muscle atrophy and satellite cell content in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2535. [PMID: 36781881 PMCID: PMC9925431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and numerous recent findings suggest that several pathologic signs, including loss of muscle strength and mass, are also detected in these patients. In the present study, we evaluated muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), myonuclear number, satellite cell (SC) content, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) types in an animal model of AD and examined the possible role of resistance training in controlling skeletal muscle size in this disease. Fifty-eight male rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy-control (H-C), healthy-exercise (H-Ex), Alzheimer-control (A-C), and Alzheimer-exercise (A-Ex). AD was induced by the single injection of 1-42 amyloid into the CA1 region of the hippocampus (1 μl/site). The rats in H-Ex and A-Ex groups performed a 5-week resistance training period (17 sessions). The results indicated that AD induces significant skeletal muscle atrophy and reduces the myonuclear number and SC content in gastrocnemius muscle in both whole muscle cross-sections and isolated myofibers. Interestingly, we did not find any significant differences in the different MyHC distributions of AD animals compared with controls, while resistance training significantly increased the CSA of MyHC IIb fibers in both AD and healthy animals. Altogether, these observations suggest that the skeletal muscle of AD animals are more prone to atrophy and loss of myonuclear number and satellite cell content, while resistance training successfully restores these impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guang Yang
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingzhou Ji
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Valencia-Olvera AC, Maldonado Weng J, Christensen A, LaDu MJ, Pike CJ. Role of estrogen in women's Alzheimer's disease risk as modified by APOE. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13209. [PMID: 36420620 PMCID: PMC10049970 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by numerous sexual dimorphisms that impact the development, progression, and probably the strategies to prevent and treat the most common form of dementia. In this review, we consider this topic from a female perspective with a specific focus on how women's vulnerability to the disease is affected by the individual and interactive effects of estrogens and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Importantly, APOE appears to modulate systemic and neural outcomes of both menopause and estrogen-based hormone therapy. In the brain, dementia risk is greater in APOE4 carriers, and the impacts of hormone therapy on cognitive decline and dementia risk vary according to both outcome measure and APOE genotype. Beyond the CNS, estrogen and APOE genotype affect vulnerability to menopause-associated bone loss, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk. An emerging concept that may link these relationships is the possibility that the effects of APOE in women interact with estrogen status by mechanisms that may include modulation of estrogen responsiveness. This review highlights the need to consider the key AD risk factors of advancing age in a sex-specific manner to optimize development of therapeutic approaches for AD, a view aligned with the principle of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- AC Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - J Maldonado Weng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - A Christensen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - MJ LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - CJ Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
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Hu H, Mei J, Cai Y, Ding H, Niu S, Zhang W, Fang X. No genetic causal association between Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1090223. [PMID: 36761181 PMCID: PMC9905740 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1090223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Many observational studies have found an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis. However, it is unclear whether there is causal genetic between osteoporosis and AD. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between osteoporosis and AD. Genes for osteoporosis and AD were obtained from published the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant genome-wide differences (p < 5 × 10-8) and independent (r 2 < 0.001) were selected, and SNPs with F ≥ 10 were further analyzed. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used to assess causality, and the results were reported as odds ratios (ORs). Subsequently, heterogeneity was tested using Cochran's Q test, pleiotropy was tested using the MR-Egger intercept, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the results. Results Using the IVW method, MR Egger method, and median-weighted method, we found that the results showed no significant causal effect of osteoporosis at different sites and at different ages on AD, regardless of the removal of potentially pleiotropic SNPs. The results were similar for the opposite direction of causality. These results were confirmed to be reliable and stable by sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This study found that there is no bidirectional causal relationship between osteoporosis and AD. However, they share similar pathogenesis and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Jian Mei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiqi Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Susheng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation Ministry of Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenming Zhang, ✉
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Xinyu Fang, ✉
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11
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Essex AL, Huot JR, Deosthale P, Wagner A, Figueras J, Davis A, Damrath J, Pin F, Wallace J, Bonetto A, Plotkin LI. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) R47H Variant Causes Distinct Age- and Sex-Dependent Musculoskeletal Alterations in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1366-1381. [PMID: 35575023 PMCID: PMC9307075 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies proposed the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a receptor expressed in myeloid cells including microglia in brain and osteoclasts in bone, as a link between brain and bone disease. The TREM2 R47H variant is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. To investigate whether altered TREM2 signaling could contribute to bone and skeletal muscle loss, independently of central nervous system defects, we used mice globally hemizygous for the TREM2 R47H variant (TREM2R47H/+ ), which do not exhibit AD pathology, and wild-type (WT) littermate control mice. Dxa/Piximus showed bone loss in female TREM2R47H/+ animals between 4 and 13 months of age and reduced cancellous and cortical bone (measured by micro-computed tomography [μCT]) at 13 months, which stalled out by 20 months of age. In addition, they exhibited decreased femoral biomechanical properties measured by three-point bending at 13 months of age, but not at 4 or 20 months. Male TREM2R47H/+ animals had decreased trabecular bone geometry but increased ultimate strain and failure force at 20 months of age versus WT. Only male TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts differentiated more ex vivo after 7 days with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) compared to WT littermates. Yet, estrogen receptor alpha expression was higher in female and male TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts compared to WT mice. However, female TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts expressed less complement 3 (C3), an estrogen responsive element, and increased protein kinase B (Akt) activity, suggesting altered estrogen signaling in TREM2R47H/+ cells. Despite lower bone volume/strength in TREM2R47H/+ mice, skeletal muscle function measured by plantar flexion and muscle contractility was increased in 13-month-old female mutant mice. Overall, these data demonstrate that an AD-associated TREM2 variant can alter bone and skeletal muscle strength in a sex-dimorphic manner independent of central neuropathology, potentially mediated through changes in osteoclastic intracellular signaling. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson L. Essex
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Joshua R. Huot
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Padmini Deosthale
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Alison Wagner
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Jorge Figueras
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Azaria Davis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - John Damrath
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Joseph Wallace
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Biomechanical EngineeringIndiana University‐Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisINUSA
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12
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Zhang P, Zhou Y, Chen G, Li J, Wang B, Lu X. Potential association of bone mineral density loss with cognitive impairment and central and peripheral amyloid-β changes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:626. [PMID: 35773707 PMCID: PMC9245236 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence in the literature that older adults with cognitive impairments have a higher risk for falls and osteoporotic hip fractures. Currently, the associations between bone health and cognitive health have not been extensively studied. Thus, the present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between markers of bone loss and cognitive performance in older adults with and without osteopenia as well as older adults with cognitive impairments (i.e., Alzheimer's disease [AD]). METHODS Sixty-two non-osteopenia participants and one hundred three osteopenia participants as the cohort 1 and 33 cognitively normal non-AD participants and 39 AD participants as the cohort 2 were recruited. To assess cognitive and bone health, hip bone mineral density (BMD) and cognitive performance (via Minimal Mental State Examination [MMSE] and/or Auditory Verbal Learning Test-delayed recall [AVLT-DR]) were assessed. Furthermore, in cohort 1, plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels, and in cohort 2, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ levels were determined. RESULTS We observed that (1) compared with non-osteopenia participants, BMD values (t = - 22.806; 95%CI: - 1.801, - 1.484; p < 0.001), MMSE scores (t = - 5.392; 95%CI: - 3.260, - 1.698; p < 0.001), and AVLT-DR scores (t = - 4.142; 95%CI: - 2.181, - 0.804; p < 0.001), plasma Aβ42 levels (t = - 2.821; 95%CI: - 1.737, - 0.305; p = 0.01), and Aβ42/40 ratio (t = - 2.020; 95%CI: - 0.009, - 0.001; p = 0.04) were significantly lower in osteopenia participants; (2) plasma Aβ42/40 ratio showed a mediate effect for the association between BMD values and the performance of cognitive function in osteopenia participants by mediation analysis, adjusting age, sex, years of education, and body mass index (BMI); (3) BMD values (95%CI: - 1.085, 0.478; p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in AD participants as compared with cognitively normal non-AD participants; (4) in AD participants, the interactive effects of BMD and CSF Aβ42/40 ratio on MMSE scores was found by regression analysis, controlling age, sex, years of education, and BMI; (5) BMD can distinguish AD participants from cognitively normal non-AD participants with AUC of 0.816 and distinguish participants with the cognitive impairment from cognitively normal participants with AUC of 0.794. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a relationship between bone health and cognitive health. Given the correlations between BMD and important markers of cognitive health (e.g., central and peripheral pathological change of Aβ), BMD might serve as a promising and easy-accessible biomarker. However, more research is needed to further substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Bangjun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136 Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, China.
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13
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Xu W, Jiang Y, Wang N, Bai H, Xu S, Xia T, Xin H. Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Complicated With Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842101. [PMID: 35721142 PMCID: PMC9198449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are progressive degenerative diseases caused by multiple factors, placing a huge burden on the world. Much evidence indicates that OP is a common complication in AD patients. In addition, there is also evidence to show that patients with OP have a higher risk of AD than those without OP. This suggests that the association between the two diseases may be due to a pathophysiological link rather than one disease causing the other. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also proved their common pathogenesis. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, some classic and specific natural Chinese medicines are widely used to effectively treat AD and OP. Current evidence also shows that these treatments can ameliorate both brain damage and bone metabolism disorder and further alleviate AD complicated with OP. These valuable therapies might provide effective and safe alternatives to major pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Bai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Depression and bone loss as risk factors for cognitive decline: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101575. [PMID: 35093615 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) but it is unclear whether depression is also associated with cognitive decline in the preclinical phase and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous meta-analyses have only investigated AD as an outcome without accounting for individuals showing cognitive decline that does not meet the diagnostic criteria for AD. Other potentially modifiable risk factors such as bone loss have also been less explored and there remains uncertainty around their temporal relationship with cognitive decline. AIMS To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating depression and bone loss as risk factors for subsequent cognitive decline. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was developed and applied using four databases; MEDLINE Complete, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL Complete. The pooled summary effects were estimated as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020159369). RESULTS A total of 75 longitudinal cohort studies were identified for meta-analysis, of which 70 examined the impact of depression on cognitive decline and five examined the impact of bone loss. Prior exposure to depression was found to be associated with cognitive score reduction (OR 1.33 95% CI 1.17, 1.51), MCI incidence (OR 1.52 95% CI 1.28, 1.79) and AD incidence (OR 1.79 95% CI 1.46, 2.2). Bone loss was also associated with the incidence of AD (OR=1.81 95% CI 1.28, 2.55). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results support the hypothesis that depression is associated with subsequent cognitive decline. Bone loss was also found to be associated with AD incidence; however, due to the small number of studies, the results should be viewed with caution.
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15
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Whitehead SN, Bruno A, Burns JM, Carmichael ST, Csiszar A, Edwards JD, Elahi FM, Faraco G, Gould DB, Gustafson DR, Hachinski V, Rosenberg G, Sorond FA, Shih AY, Tse KH, Ungvari Z, Wilcock DM, Zuloaga KL, Barone FC. Expanding the horizon of research into the pathogenesis of the white matter diseases: Proceedings of the 2021 Annual Workshop of the Albert Research Institute for White Matter and Cognition. GeroScience 2022; 44:25-37. [PMID: 34606040 PMCID: PMC8488071 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter pathologies are critically involved in the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment-dementia (VCID), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Alzheimer's disease and related diseases (ADRD), and therefore need to be considered a treatable target ( Roseborough A, Hachinski V, Whitehead S. White matter degeneration - a treatable target? Roseborough et al. JAMA Neurol [Internet]. 2020 Apr 27;77(7):793-4, [1] . To help address this often-missed area of research, several workshops have been sponsored by the Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust since 2015, resulting in the incorporation of "The Albert Research Institute for White Matter and Cognition" in 2020. The first annual "Institute" meeting was held virtually on March 3-4, 2021. The Institute provides a forum and workspace for communication and support of the advancement of white matter science and research to better understand the evolution and prevention of dementia. It serves as a platform for young investigator development, to introduce new data and debate biology mechanisms and new ideas, and to encourage and support new research collaborations and directions to clarify how white matter changes, with other genetic and health risk factors, contribute to cognitive impairment. Similar to previous Albert Trust-sponsored workshops (Barone et al. in J Transl Med 14:1-14, [2]; Sorond et al. in GeroScience 42:81-96, [3]), established expert investigators were identified and invited to present. Opportunities to attend and present were also extended by invitation to talented research fellows and younger scientists. Also, updates on institute-funded research collaborations were provided and discussed. The summary that follows is a synopsis of topics and discussion covered in the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Askiel Bruno
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Giuseppe Faraco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, and Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, Section for NeuroEpidemiology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, 11203, USA
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gary Rosenberg
- UNM Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | | | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kai Hei Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Neurology, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Frank C Barone
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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16
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Kuksa PP, Liu CL, Fu W, Qu L, Zhao Y, Katanic Z, Clark K, Kuzma AB, Ho PC, Tzeng KT, Valladares O, Chou SY, Naj AC, Schellenberg GD, Wang LS, Leung YY. Alzheimer's Disease Variant Portal: A Catalog of Genetic Findings for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:461-477. [PMID: 35068457 PMCID: PMC9028687 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetics findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) span progressively larger and more diverse populations and outcomes. Currently, there is no up-to-date resource providing harmonized and searchable information on all AD genetic associations found by GWAS, nor linking the reported genetic variants and genes with functional and genomic annotations. OBJECTIVE Create an integrated/harmonized, and literature-derived collection of population-specific AD genetic associations. METHODS We developed the Alzheimer's Disease Variant Portal (ADVP), an extensive collection of associations curated from >200 GWAS publications from Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium and other consortia. Genetic associations were systematically extracted, harmonized, and annotated from both the genome-wide significant and suggestive loci reported in these publications. To ensure consistent representation of AD genetic findings, all the extracted genetic association information was harmonized across specifically designed publication, variant, and association categories. RESULTS ADVP V1.0 (February 2021) catalogs 6,990 associations related to disease-risk, expression quantitative traits, endophenotypes, or neuropathology. This extensive harmonization effort led to a catalog containing >900 loci, >1,800 variants, >80 cohorts, and 8 populations. Besides, ADVP provides investigators with a seamless integration of genomic and publicly available functional annotations across multiple databases per harmonized variant and gene records, thus facilitating further understanding and analyses of these genetics findings. CONCLUSION ADVP is a valuable resource for investigators to quickly and systematically explore high-confidence AD genetic findings and provides insights into population-specific AD genetic architecture. ADVP is continually maintained and enhanced by NIAGADS and is freely accessible at https://advp.niagads.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P. Kuksa
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Chia-Lun Liu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Liming Qu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Zivadin Katanic
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Kaylyn Clark
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Amanda B. Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Kai-Teh Tzeng
- Department of Economics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Shin-Yi Chou
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Economics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Adam C. Naj
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
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17
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Ichinose T, Matsuzaki K, Kato M, Tanabe Y, Tachibana N, Morikawa M, Kato S, Ohata S, Ohno M, Wakatsuki H, Hossain S, Shido O, Hashimoto M. Intake of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Milk Beverage Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Decreases Serum Bone Resorption Marker Levels. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1829-1838. [PMID: 34759112 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanism of dementia is still unknown, and the fundamental treatment remains to be established. Thus, there is growing interest in preventing dementia through diet. One of the functional ingredients attracting attention is docosahexaenoic acid. We conducted a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy elderly Japanese individuals with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 28 or higher at baseline using a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched milk beverage containing 297 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 137 mg eicosapentaenoic acid. Consumption of a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched milk beverage increased the fatty acid levels of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in erythrocyte membranes, which was the primary outcome of this study. Moreover, intake of this beverage prevented age-related cognitive decline and decreased serum bone resorption marker levels. Our data demonstrate that, even at a low dose, long-term daily intake of docosahexaenoic acid prevents dementia and may show beneficial effect on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichinose
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, Fuji Oil Holdings Inc
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Yoko Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Shuzo Ohata
- Kato Hospital, Jinjukai Healthcare Corporation
| | - Miho Ohno
- Kato Hospital, Jinjukai Healthcare Corporation
| | - Harumi Wakatsuki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
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18
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Pan JX, Sun D, Lee D, Xiong L, Ren X, Guo HH, Yao LL, Lu Y, Jung C, Xiong WC. Osteoblastic Swedish mutant APP expedites brain deficits by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven senescence. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1326. [PMID: 34824365 PMCID: PMC8617160 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often have osteoporosis or osteopenia. However, their direct link and relationship remain largely unclear. Previous studies have detected osteoporotic deficits in young adult Tg2576 and TgAPPsweOCN mice, which express APPswe (Swedish mutant) ubiquitously and selectively in osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells. This raises the question, whether osteoblastic APPswe contributes to AD development. Here, we provide evidence that TgAPPsweOCN mice also exhibit AD-relevant brain pathologies and behavior phenotypes. Some brain pathologies include age-dependent and regional-selective increases in glial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are accompanied by behavioral phenotypes such as anxiety, depression, and altered learning and memory. Further cellular studies suggest that APPswe, but not APPwt or APPlon (London mutant), in OB-lineage cells induces endoplasmic reticulum-stress driven senescence, driving systemic and cortex inflammation as well as behavioral changes in 6-month-old TgAPPsweOCN mice. These results therefore reveal an unrecognized function of osteoblastic APPswe to brain axis in AD development. Jin-Xiu Pan et al. report that an osteoblast-specific expression of Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) induces ER stress-driven senescence, leading to systemic inflammation and inflammation in the cortex that drives behavioral changes. The results demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of osteoblastic APPswe to brain axis in AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hao-Han Guo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ling-Ling Yao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuyi Lu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Jung
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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19
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Lin SF, Fan YC, Pan WH, Bai CH. Bone and Lean Mass Loss and Cognitive Impairment for Healthy Elder Adults: Analysis of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013-2016 and a Validation Study With Structural Equation Modeling. Front Nutr 2021; 8:747877. [PMID: 34722612 PMCID: PMC8548616 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.747877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Bone and lean mass loss and cognitive impairment are prevalent in elder adults and have been hypothesized to share a potential link. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study systemically sampled elder adults aged ≥65 years and conducted the door-to-door survey. The causal diagrams help to decide which covariates were included in the generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed for the validation. Results: A total of 535 participants were enrolled and categorized into the normal (67.3%), mild cognitive impairment (18.3%), and dementia groups (14.4%). With increasing in the severity of cognitive impairment, the bone marrow density and lean mass consistently showed the trend of decreasing values. In the GLMMs, a significant association existed between the decrease of the bone mineral density (BMD) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (β = 5.819 scores per g/cm2 decrease, p = 0.0305) with adjustment of the age, sex, and physical activity. The SEM models confirmed that the MMSE was significantly and directly predicted by the age (β = 0.1363, p = 0.0003) and BMD (β = 0.1251, p = 0.0006) independently and indirectly predicted by lean mass (β = 0.1138, p = 0.0003) through the bone density path. Conclusion: In conclusion, an independent association between bone loss and cognitive impairment was existed rather than the confounding effect and the decrease of lean mass indirectly contributed to cognitive impairment by influencing the bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Lin
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Fan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Torres ML, Wanionok NE, McCarthy AD, Morel GR, Fernández JM. Systemic oxidative stress in old rats is associated with both osteoporosis and cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111596. [PMID: 34678425 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated both with an increase in memory loss and with comorbidities such as Osteoporosis, which could be causatively linked. In the present study, a deleterious effect on bone is demonstrated for the first time in a model of aged rats with impaired memory. We show that bone marrow progenitor cells obtained from rats with memory deficit have a decrease in their osteogenic capacity, and an increase both in their osteoclastogenic profile and adipogenic capacity, when compared to aged rats with preserved memory. Rats with impaired (versus preserved) memory also show alterations in long-bone micro-architecture (decreased trabecular bone and osteocyte density, increased TRAP-positive osteoclasts), lower bone quality (decreased trabecular bone mineral content and density) and an increase in bone marrow adiposity. Interestingly, the development of bone alterations and memory deficit in old rats is associated with significantly higher levels of serum oxidative stress (versus unaffected aged rats). In conclusion, we have found for the first time in an aged rat model, a relationship between alterations in bone quality and memory impairment, with increased systemic oxidative stress as a possible unifying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luz Torres
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CIC, Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Ezequiel Wanionok
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CIC, Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Desmond McCarthy
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CIC, Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Ramón Morel
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Fernández
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CIC, Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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21
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Stefanidou M, O’Donnell A, Himali JJ, DeCarli C, Satizabal C, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Zaldy T. Bone Mineral Density Measurements and Association With Brain Structure and Cognitive Function: The Framingham Offspring Cohort. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 35:291-297. [PMID: 33973881 PMCID: PMC8608007 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) is a potential surrogate marker of lifetime estrogen exposure previously linked to increased risk of Alzheimer dementia among elderly women. We examine the association between BMD in the "young old" with imaging biomarkers of brain aging and cognitive performance. METHODS Offspring participants (N=1905, mean age 66) of a population-based cohort who had BMD, brain imaging and detailed cognitive assessment were included in the study. Sex-stratified, linear, and logistic regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS Higher femoral neck BMD was associated with lower white matter hyperintensity burden and better performance on Trails B-A in both sexes, even after adjustment for cerebrovascular risk factors. Among women, the positive association with Trails B-A performance was seen only in APOE4 allele carriers. Higher BMD measurements were linked to better visual reproductions test performance in men. Finally, among women, higher femoral trochanter BMD was associated with better logical memory and Hooper visual organization test performance. CONCLUSION Among the "young old," higher BMD is associated with less white matter hyperintensity burden and better, domain-specific, cognitive performance. This suggests that lifetime estrogen exposure may modulate the degree of cumulative vascular brain injury independent of cerebrovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefanidou
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Adrienne O’Donnell
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Claudia Satizabal
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Tan Zaldy
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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22
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Gerosa L, Lombardi G. Bone-to-Brain: A Round Trip in the Adaptation to Mechanical Stimuli. Front Physiol 2021; 12:623893. [PMID: 33995117 PMCID: PMC8120436 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.623893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the classical ones (support/protection, hematopoiesis, storage for calcium, and phosphate) multiple roles emerged for bone tissue, definitively making it an organ. Particularly, the endocrine function, and in more general terms, the capability to sense and integrate different stimuli and to send signals to other tissues, has highlighted the importance of bone in homeostasis. Bone is highly innervated and hosts all nervous system branches; bone cells are sensitive to most of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurohormones that directly affect their metabolic activity and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Indeed, bone is the principal mechanosensitive organ. Thanks to the mechanosensing resident cells, and particularly osteocytes, mechanical stimulation induces metabolic responses in bone forming (osteoblasts) and bone resorbing (osteoclasts) cells that allow the adaptation of the affected bony segment to the changing environment. Once stimulated, bone cells express and secrete, or liberate from the entrapping matrix, several mediators (osteokines) that induce responses on distant targets. Brain is a target of some of these mediator [e.g., osteocalcin, lipocalin2, sclerostin, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1), and fibroblast growth factor 23], as most of them can cross the blood-brain barrier. For others, a role in brain has been hypothesized, but not yet demonstrated. As exercise effectively modifies the release and the circulating levels of these osteokines, it has been hypothesized that some of the beneficial effects of exercise on brain functions may be associated to such a bone-to-brain communication. This hypothesis hides an interesting clinical clue: may well-addressed physical activities support the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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23
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Kim DA, Park SJ, Lee JY, Kim JH, Lee S, Lee E, Jang IY, Jung HW, Park JH, Kim BJ. Effect of CCL11 on In Vitro Myogenesis and Its Clinical Relevance for Sarcopenia in Older Adults. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:455-465. [PMID: 33849248 PMCID: PMC8090464 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) has been receiving attention as a potential pro-aging factor. Accordingly, it may be involved in muscle metabolism and sarcopenia, a key component of aging phenotypes. To clarify this potential, we investigated the effects of CCL11 on in vitro muscle biology and its clinical relevance for sarcopenia parameters in older adults. METHODS Myogenesis was induced in mouse C2C12 myoblasts with 2% horse serum. Human blood samples were collected from 79 participants who underwent a functional assessment. Thereafter, CCL11 level was measured using a quantikine ELISA kit. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian-specific guideline. RESULTS Recombinant CCL11 treatment significantly stimulated myogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, and consistently increased the expression of myogenic differentiation markers. Among the C-C chemokine receptors (CCRs), CCR5, not CCR2 and CCR3, was predominantly expressed in muscle cells. Further, the CCR5 inhibitor blocked recombinant CCL11-stimulated myogenesis. In a clinical study, serum CCL11 level was not significantly different according to the status of sarcopenia, low muscle mass, weak muscle strength, and poor physical performance, and was not associated with skeletal muscle index, grip strength, short physical performance battery score, gait speed, and time to complete 5 chair stands, after adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations, CCL11 exerted beneficial effects on muscle metabolism at least in vitro system. However, its impact on human muscle health was not evident, suggesting that circulating CCL11 may not be a useful biomarker for sarcopenia risk assessment in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Ae Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - So Jeong Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jeoung Hee Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seungjoo Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hee-Won Jung
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jin Hoon Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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24
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Lee JW, Lee IH, Iimura T, Kong SW. Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy. Bone Res 2021; 9:11. [PMID: 33568650 PMCID: PMC7875961 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are highly specialized to their tissue-specific microenvironments, activated by various inflammatory signals and modulated by genetic and environmental factors. Osteoclasts and microglia are distinct tissue-resident cells of the macrophage lineage in bone and brain that are responsible for pathological changes in osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), respectively. Osteoporosis is more frequently observed in individuals with AD compared to the prevalence in general population. Diagnosis of AD is often delayed until underlying pathophysiological changes progress and cause irreversible damages in structure and function of brain. As such earlier diagnosis and intervention of individuals at higher risk would be indispensable to modify clinical courses. Pleiotropy is the phenomenon that a genetic variant affects multiple traits and the genetic correlation between two traits could suggest a shared molecular mechanism. In this review, we discuss that the Pyk2-mediated actin polymerization pathway in osteoclasts and microglia in bone and brain, respectively, is the horizontal pleiotropic mediator of shared risk factors for osteoporosis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - In-Hee Lee
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Effects of 6-Month Multimodal Physical Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density, Fall Risk, Balance, and Gait in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010063. [PMID: 33419016 PMCID: PMC7825330 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the short- and medium-term effects of a multimodal physical exercise program (MPEP) on bone health status, fall risk, balance, and gait in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. A single-blinded, controlled clinical trial was performed where 72 subjects were allocated in a 3:1 ratio to an intervention group (IG; n = 53) and control group (CG; n = 19), where the IG’s subjects were admitted to live in a State Reference Center of Alzheimer’s disease, which offers the targeted exercise program, while the CG’s subjects resided in independent living. A multidisciplinary health team assessed all patients before allocation, and dependent outcomes were again assessed at one, three, and six months. During the study, falls were recorded, and in all evaluations, bone mineral density was measured using a calcaneal quantitative ultrasound densitometer; balance and gait were measured using the performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA), the timed up and go test (TUG), the one-leg balance test (OLB), and the functional reach test (FR). There were no differences between groups at baseline for all outcome measures. The prevalence of falls was significantly lower in the IG (15.09%) than in the CG (42.11%) (χ2 = 5.904; p = 0.015). We also found that there was a significant time*group interaction, with a post hoc Šidák test finding significant differences of improved physical function, especially in gait, for the IG, as assessed by POMA-Total, POMA-Gait, and TUG with a large effect size (ƞ2p = 0.185–0.201). In balance, we found significant differences between groups, regardless of time, and a medium effect size as assessed by POMA-Balance and the OLB (ƞ2p = 0.091–0.104). Clinically relevant effects were observed, although without significant differences in bone health, with a slowing of bone loss. These results show that a multimodal physical exercise program reduces fall risk and produces an improvement in gait, balance, and bone mineral density in the short and medium term in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
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26
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Kelly RR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Effects of Neurological Disorders on Bone Health. Front Psychol 2020; 11:612366. [PMID: 33424724 PMCID: PMC7793932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for skeletal metabolism, sensory innervation, and endocrine cross-talk between these organs. This review discusses current evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which various neurological disease categories, including autoimmune, developmental, dementia-related, movement, neuromuscular, stroke, trauma, and psychological, impart changes in bone homeostasis and mass, as well as fracture risk. Likewise, how bone may affect neurological function is discussed. Gaining a better understanding of brain-bone interactions, particularly in patients with underlying neurological disorders, may lead to development of novel therapies and discovery of shared risk factors, as well as highlight the need for broad, whole-health clinical approaches toward treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J. Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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27
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Ebrahimpur M, Sharifi F, Shadman Z, Payab M, Mehraban S, Shafiee G, Heshmat R, Fahimfar N, Mehrdad N, Khashayar P, Nabipour I, Larijani B, Ostovar A. Osteoporosis and cognitive impairment interwoven warning signs: community-based study on older adults-Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:140. [PMID: 32910343 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cognitive impairment and osteoporosis are frequently seen to coincide in clinical practice. Osteoporosis was higher in elderly populations with cognitive impairment, especially in postmenopausal women. Thus, prophylaxis for osteoporosis, falls, and fractures should be considered as part of the treatment of patients with cognitive impairment. INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment and osteoporosis are two important health concerns among older adults that their possible relationship, concurrent occurrence, and linking mechanism have recently been highlighted. The purpose of this study was to assess the sex-independent association of these two conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS From among 2331 individuals aged ≥ 60 years selected in Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program, Iran; data of 1508 participants were analyzed. Cognitive status was assessed using Category Fluency Test and Mini-cog assessment instrument. Association between osteopenia-osteoporosis and cognitive impairment were assessed using uni- and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 598 (39.6%) of the participants (58.3% female and 21.9% male, P < 0.001). From among them, 677 (44.9%) had evidence of cognitive impairment (64.5% female and 31.0% male, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regressions showed spinal and total hip osteoporosis was associated with 1.83 (CI 95% 1.13-2.96) and 2.24-fold (CI 95% 1.28-3.89) increase in the risk of cognitive impairment among female subjects, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression, on the other hand, revealed cognitive impairment to be associated with 1.42-fold (CI 95% 1.04-1.92) increase in the risk of spinal osteopenia-osteoporosis, 1.5-fold increase in total hip osteoporosis (CI 95% 1.09-2.05), and 1.48-fold increase in general osteoporosis (CI 95% 1.06-2.0). CONCLUSION Different degrees of bone loss and cognitive impairment may be a risk factor for each other among women but not in men. It is suggested that the screening, adopting preventive measures for the other condition and regular follow-ups, if needed, could be of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbube Ebrahimpur
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shadman
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Metabolomics and genomics research center, endocrinology and metabolism molecular- cellular sciences institute, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghar Mehraban
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Fahimfar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mehrdad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Crosstalk of Brain and Bone-Clinical Observations and Their Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144946. [PMID: 32668736 PMCID: PMC7404044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As brain and bone disorders represent major health issues worldwide, substantial clinical investigations demonstrated a bidirectional crosstalk on several levels, mechanistically linking both apparently unrelated organs. While multiple stress, mood and neurodegenerative brain disorders are associated with osteoporosis, rare genetic skeletal diseases display impaired brain development and function. Along with brain and bone pathologies, particularly trauma events highlight the strong interaction of both organs. This review summarizes clinical and experimental observations reported for the crosstalk of brain and bone, followed by a detailed overview of their molecular bases. While brain-derived molecules affecting bone include central regulators, transmitters of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nervous system, bone-derived mediators altering brain function are released from bone cells and the bone marrow. Although the main pathways of the brain-bone crosstalk remain ‘efferent’, signaling from brain to bone, this review emphasizes the emergence of bone as a crucial ‘afferent’ regulator of cerebral development, function and pathophysiology. Therefore, unraveling the physiological and pathological bases of brain-bone interactions revealed promising pharmacologic targets and novel treatment strategies promoting concurrent brain and bone recovery.
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Takano Y, Tatewaki Y, Mutoh T, Morota N, Matsudaira I, Thyreau B, Nagasaka T, Odagiri H, Yamamoto S, Arai H, Taki Y. Voxel-Based Morphometry Reveals a Correlation Between Bone Mineral Density Loss and Reduced Cortical Gray Matter Volume in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:178. [PMID: 32625080 PMCID: PMC7311782 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) was associated with poorer cognitive function and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, objective evidence for the relationship between osteoporosis and AD in humans has not been extensively described. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between BMD and the cortical volumes of brain regions vulnerable to AD; hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and angular gyrus, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), to investigate the association between bone loss and AD. Methods: A cohort of 149 consecutive elderly participants who complained of memory disturbance underwent high-resolution structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We used SPM12 software to conduct a voxel-based multiple regression analysis to examine the association between femoral neck BMD values and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) on structural T1-weighted MRI. Results: After adjusting for subject age, gender, total brain volume (TBV), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores, the multiple regression analysis showed significant correlations between BMD loss and rGMV decline in the left precuneus, which is an important neural network hub vulnerable to AD. Conclusion: These data suggest that the bone and brain communicate with each other, as in "bone-brain crosstalk," and that control of BMD factors could contribute to cognitive function and help prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Takano
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Morota
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsudaira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Benjamin Thyreau
- Smart-Aging International Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nagasaka
- Division of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hayato Odagiri
- Division of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Smart-Aging International Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Başgöz B, İnce S, Safer U, Naharcı Mİ, Taşçı İ. Low bone density and osteoporosis among older adults with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia: A Cross-sectional Study With Prospective Enrollment. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 66:193-200. [PMID: 32760897 PMCID: PMC7401688 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2020.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in older adults with dementia compared to those with a normal cognitive status and to evaluate the type, severity, and duration of dementia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between May 2013 and May 2017, a total of 363 participants aged ≥65 years (136 males, 227 females; mean age 78.4±5.4 years; range 66 to 99 years) with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or mixed dementia (AD-VaD) were included in this single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. The dementia group included 93 patients with dementia and the control group included 270 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. RESULTS Controlled for age and sex, demented and non-demented participants had a similar BMD (g/cm2) at lumbar spine [F (1, 358):0.83, p=363], but lower BMD values of total hip [F (1, 359):10.26, p=0.001] and femoral neck [F (1, 359):15.21, p<0.001] in the patients with dementia. Adjusted percentage of osteoporosis and low bone mass based on total hip and femoral neck T-scores were also significantly higher in the patient group. The mean BMD values, frequency of osteoporosis, and low bone mass did not significantly differ according to the subtype of dementia, sex, and disease duration or severity. CONCLUSION Our study results show that demented elders have a lower BMD and higher frequency of osteoporosis at the hip, but not at the lumbar spine, irrespective of sex and type of dementia. Based on these results, we can speculate that not only AD, but also VaD and AD-VaD may be associated with bone loss at the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgin Başgöz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra İnce
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Safer
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet İlkin Naharcı
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlker Taşçı
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone has conventionally been considered to be a passive organ that only receives external control, but according to recent findings, it has become clear that bone is an endocrine organ that actively regulates systemic metabolism through osteocalcin (OC). METHODS We focus on the relationship between the brain and bone and summarize the effects of OC on cognitive function as well as the association between OC and improved cognitive function through exercise. RESULTS The findings suggest that the decrease in OC produced by bone is responsible for the decrease in cognitive function associated with aging. Furthermore, positive effect of improving cognitive function can generally be recognized in exercise interventions conducted for healthy elderly people and those with MCI, and moderate exercise is particularly effective for dementia prevention. CONCLUSION The improving bone health with aging may exert beneficial effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Imaoka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
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32
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Suryadevara V, Klüppel M, Monte FD, Willis MS. The Unraveling: Cardiac and Musculoskeletal Defects and Their Role in Common Alzheimer Disease Morbidity and Mortality. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1609-1621. [PMID: 32407731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by deterioration of cognitive capabilities with an estimated 44 million individuals worldwide living with it. Beyond memory deficits, the most common AD co-morbidities include swallowing defects (muscle), fractures (bone, muscle), and heart failure. The underlying causes of these co-morbidities and their role in AD pathophysiology are currently unknown. This review is the first to summarize the emerging picture of the cardiac and musculoskeletal deficits in human AD. We present the involvement of the heart, characterized by diastolic heart failure, the presence of amyloid deposits, and electrophysiological changes, compared with age-matched control subjects. The characteristic musculoskeletal defects in AD come from recent clinical studies and include potential underlying mechanisms (bone) in animal models. These studies detail a primary muscle weakness (without a loss of muscle mass) in patients with mild cognitive impairment, with progression of cognitive impairment to AD associating with ongoing muscle weakness and the onset of muscle atrophy. We conclude by reviewing the loss of bone density in patients with AD, paralleling the increase in fracture and fall risk in specific populations. These studies paint AD as a systemic disease in broad strokes, which may help elucidate AD pathophysiology and to allow for new ways of thinking about therapeutic interventions, diagnostic biomarkers, and the pathogenesis of this multidisciplinary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyani Suryadevara
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael Klüppel
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Monte S Willis
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Section of Cardiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Smith SM, Elliott LT, Alfaro-Almagro F, McCarthy P, Nichols TE, Douaud G, Miller KL. Brain aging comprises many modes of structural and functional change with distinct genetic and biophysical associations. eLife 2020; 9:e52677. [PMID: 32134384 PMCID: PMC7162660 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain imaging can be used to study how individuals' brains are aging, compared against population norms. This can inform on aspects of brain health; for example, smoking and blood pressure can be seen to accelerate brain aging. Typically, a single 'brain age' is estimated per subject, whereas here we identified 62 modes of subject variability, from 21,407 subjects' multimodal brain imaging data in UK Biobank. The modes represent different aspects of brain aging, showing distinct patterns of functional and structural brain change, and distinct patterns of association with genetics, lifestyle, cognition, physical measures and disease. While conventional brain-age modelling found no genetic associations, 34 modes had genetic associations. We suggest that it is important not to treat brain aging as a single homogeneous process, and that modelling of distinct patterns of structural and functional change will reveal more biologically meaningful markers of brain aging in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lloyd T Elliott
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser UniversityVancouverCanada
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Miyazaki A, Mori H. Frequent Karaoke Training Improves Frontal Executive Cognitive Skills, Tongue Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Elderly People: Pilot Study from a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1459. [PMID: 32102472 PMCID: PMC7068312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether karaoke training improves cognitive skills and reduces the risk of physical function impairments. We conducted a single-blinded randomized controlled trial in 26 elderly participants at residential care facilities, who were generally healthy or required the lowest level of care. Participants were near the threshold for mild cognitive impairment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and close to the sarcopenia cut-off with the skeletal muscle mass index. Pulmonary function as measured with spirometry and tongue strength were used as markers for physical functions affected by sarcopenia. Karaoke training occurred once a week for two hours, with an hour of homework assigned weekly. Karaoke training significantly improved the Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside (FAB) compared with an active control group receiving scratch art training (F = 8.04, permutation p-value = 0.013). Subscore improved with inhibitory control (F = 7.63, permutation p-value = 0.015) and sensitivity to interference (F = 11.98, permutation p-value = 0.001). We observed improved tongue pressure (F = 4.49, permutation p-value = 0.040) and pulmonary function by a greater increase in FIV1 (F = 5.22, permutation p-value = 0.047). Engaging elderly people, especially those in care homes, with karaoke training exercises that are moderately physically challenging may be a key to slowing cognitive decline and preventing dysphagia by sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyazaki
- Technology and Innovation Hub, Cluster for Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
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35
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Skull Abnormalities in Cadavers in the Gross Anatomy Lab. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7837213. [PMID: 32149137 PMCID: PMC7054762 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7837213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The skull encompasses and houses one of the most important organs in the body—the brain—and like all tissues in the body, it is comprised of living cells that are constantly remodeling as this maintains the strength and homeostasis of the bone. In the present study, abnormal bone growth patterns were observed and the possible causes of said findings were investigated in multiple cadaver skulls dissected during head and neck anatomy courses at Detroit Mercy Dental over the past year. There are many factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, with differences in stimulation to the skull resulting in skull abnormalities. Materials and Methods. For this study, skull abnormalities were examined from 65 formalin-embalmed cadaver heads, obtained from the Gross Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry between the years 2016 and 2019. We have recorded the age, sex, and previous chief medical issues of all lab specimens used in the study. Skulls were later evaluated for possible indications of bone disease such as hypertosis frontalis interna (HFI) or Paget's disease. Results Among the sixty-five specimens provided to the Detroit Mercy Dental cadaver lab, 19 specimens (29%) were found to present with irregular, undulating, thickening of the frontal bone internal surface. The findings located on the skulls closely resembled the gross anatomic appearance of HFI or Paget's disease; however, a conclusive diagnosis of these skull abnormalities cannot be made without a pathologist biopsy and radiological examination. Twelve of the nineteen specimens that displayed possible bone disease, approximating 63% prevalence, were females; their ages ranged from 68 to 95 years old. Thus, seven of the nineteen specimens exhibiting features of skull abnormalities, approximating 36% prevalence, were males with ages ranging from 70 to 103 years old. In addition, five of these nineteen specimens collected (26% prevalence) had been diagnosed with neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, dementia, depression, and Parkinson's disease. In the current study, the proportion of specimens exhibiting skull abnormalities was higher compared to the overall prevalence observed in previous studies. Conclusion Possible causes of observed anatomical abnormalities in the skull of cadavers of a gross anatomy laboratory were investigated, and it was determined that hypertosis frontalis interna (HFI) may contribute to such abnormalities. This is a condition that affects bone growth in the frontal skull. Our numbers of skull abnormalities were higher than previous studies and might be due to the fact that HFI was predominately present as an incidental finding during imaging of postmenopausal females or observed postmortem in cadavers. In addition, Paget's disease or hormonal imbalances could also result in similar features, and thus cannot be ruled out as a plausible cause. Paget's disease causes the bone to deposit at a faster rate than normal, which will result in thick and brittle bone. Studies that will involve further examination of new cadavers for the presence of HFI is needed, either using biopsy specimens and/or radiological examination to explore possible causes for the abnormal bone growth in the frontal bone.
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Won DY, Byun SJ, Jeong JS, Shin JY. Association Between Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Persons With Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1128-1133.e1. [PMID: 31926798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the association between the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and risk of osteoporotic fractures in older persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A nested case-control study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Elderly Cohort database. Patients with AD who were newly diagnosed with osteoporotic fractures were identified as cases. Up to 3 controls were matched with cases according to age, sex, and duration of follow-up. METHODS Participants were considered as exposed to AChEIs if they had been prescribed at least 1 AChEI during a period of 2 years before the index date. A conditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the association between the use of AChEIs and osteoporotic fractures in patients with AD. We also examined the impact of dose, duration of treatment, and timing of exposure on the estimates of the association between the use of AChEIs and risk of osteoporotic fractures. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 45,006 patients diagnosed with AD, of which 9470 patients, including 2385 cases and 7085 controls, were available for the study. The mean ages (standard deviations) were 78.6 (6.9) years in the cases and 80.0 (6.9) years in the controls. Adjusted odds ratios for the association between the use of AChEIs and osteoporotic fractures in patients with AD was 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.07-1.31). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data indicated that the use of AChEIs was not associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with AD; in contrast, their use was associated with a mild increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Thus, clinicians should consider the possibility of AChEIs-associated fractures among older persons with AD. Findings of this study will support shared decision making among prescribers, patients, and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yeon Won
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeong gi-do, South Korea
| | - Seong Jun Byun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeong gi-do, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeong gi-do, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeong gi-do, South Korea.
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Frame G, Bretland KA, Dengler-Crish CM. Mechanistic complexities of bone loss in Alzheimer's disease: a review. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:4-18. [PMID: 31184223 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1624734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia in the elderly, is one of the leading age-related neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. While AD is notorious for destroying memory and cognition, dementia patients also experience greater incidence of bone loss and skeletal fracture than age-matched neurotypical individuals, greatly impacting their quality of life. Despite the significance of this comorbidity, there is no solid understanding of the mechanisms driving early bone loss in AD. Here, we review studies that have evaluated many of the obvious risk factors shared by dementia and osteoporosis, and illuminate emerging work investigating covert pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the disorders that may have potential as new risk biomarkers or therapeutic targets in AD.Conclusions: Skeletal deficits emerge very early in clinical Alzheimer's progression, and cannot be explained by coincident factors such as aging, female sex, mobility status, falls, or genetics. While research in this area is still in its infancy, studies implicate several potential mechanisms in disrupting skeletal homeostasis that include direct effects of amyloid-beta pathology on bone cells, neurofibrillary tau-induced damage to neural centers regulating skeletal remodeling, and/or systemic Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling deficits. Data from an increasing number of studies substantiate a role for the newly discovered "exercise hormone" irisin and its protein precursor FNDC5 in bone loss and AD-associated neurodegeneration. We conclude that the current status of research on bone loss in AD is insufficient and merits critical attention because this work could uncover novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities desperately needed to address AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Frame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Bretland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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Takano Y, Mutoh T, Tatewaki Y, Seki T, Yamamoto S, Odagiri H, Arai H, Taki Y. Hypoperfusion in the posterior cingulate cortex is associated with lower bone mass density in elderly women with osteopenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:365-371. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Takano
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Toshiki Seki
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Hayato Odagiri
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University Sendai Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
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Kim BJ, Lee SH, Koh JM. Clinical insights into the kynurenine pathway in age-related diseases. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110793. [PMID: 31765740 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from diverse experiments, including heterochronic parabiosis-the surgical joining of two animals of different ages-has highlighted the importance of systemic factors in the progressive functional decline of various organs and tissues during aging. The major metabolic pathway of tryptophan, an essential amino acid in humans, is the kynurenine pathway (KP) in which indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) catalyze the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine. Importantly, circulating kynurenine produced by this enzymatic breakdown, as a primary driver of the aging process, has been linked to higher mortality in humans. This review discusses the potential roles of tryptophan derivatives as biomarkers for the risk of frailty in the elderly, based on human observational studies as well as the KP as a therapeutic target for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Elevated ceramides 18:0 and 24:1 with aging are associated with hip fracture risk through increased bone resorption. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9388-9404. [PMID: 31675352 PMCID: PMC6874435 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We assessed whether circulating ceramides, which play a role in a number of degenerative changes with aging, significantly differed according to fragility hip fracture (HF) status. We also performed a human study using bone marrow (BM) aspirates, directly reflecting the bone microenvironment, in addition to in vitro experiments. Peripheral blood and BM samples were simultaneously collected from 74 patients 65 years or older at hip surgery for either HF (n = 28) or for other causes (n = 46). Ceramides were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Age was correlated positively with circulating C16:0, C18:0, and C24:1 ceramide levels. Patients with fragility HF had 21.3%, 49.5%, 34.3%, and 22.5% higher plasma C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C24:1 ceramide levels, respectively, than those without HF. Higher C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C24:1 ceramide levels were positively related to bone resorption markers in both blood and BM samples. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that C18:0 and C24:1 ceramides directly increased osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and expression levels of osteoclast differentiation markers. These results suggested that the association of increased ceramides, especially C18:0 and C24:1, with adverse bone phenotypes in elderly people could be explained mainly by the increase in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
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Bae IS, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Ryu JI, Han MH. Association between bone mineral density and brain parenchymal atrophy and ventricular enlargement in healthy individuals. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8217-8238. [PMID: 31575827 PMCID: PMC6814624 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone, vascular smooth muscle, and arachnoid trabeculae are composed of the same type of collagen. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between bone mineral density deterioration and cerebral atrophy, both of which occur in normal, healthy aging. Accordingly, we evaluated whether bone mineral density was associated with brain parenchymal atrophy and ventricular enlargement in healthy individuals. Intracranial cavity, brain parenchyma, and lateral ventricles volumes were measured using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a semiautomated tool. We included 267 individuals with no history of dementia or other neurological diseases, who underwent one or more dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and brain MRIs simultaneously (within 3 years of each other) at our hospital over an 11-year period. We found that progression of brain parenchymal atrophy was positively associated with bone mineral density after full adjustment (B, 0.94; P < 0.001). In addition, individuals with osteoporosis showed more parenchymal atrophy among those younger than 80 years. In addition, we observed greater ventricular enlargement in individuals with osteoporosis among those older than 80 years. We believe that osteoporosis may play a role in the acceleration of parenchymal atrophy during the early-stages, and ventricular enlargement in the late-stages, of normal aging-related cerebral atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Suk Bae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Je Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
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Ross RD, Shah RC, Leurgans S, Bottiglieri T, Wilson RS, Sumner DR. Circulating Dkk1 and TRAIL Are Associated With Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling, Older Adults With Cognitive Concerns. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1688-1694. [PMID: 29432613 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease are common diseases of aging that would seem to be unrelated, but may be linked through the influence of bone-derived signals on brain function. The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between circulating levels of bone-related biomarkers and cognition. Methods The population included 103 community-dwelling older individuals with memory concerns but without cognitive impairment. A global cognition summary measure was collected at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months post-enrollment by converting raw scores from 19 cognitive function tests to z-scores and averaging. Baseline plasma concentrations of bone-related biomarkers, including undercarboxylated, carboxylated, and total osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, C-terminal telopeptide of collagen 1 (CTX-1), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, osteoprotegrin, osteopontin, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (Dkk1), sclerostin, and amyloid β peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42), were measured. Results Using sex, age, and education-adjusted mixed-effects models, we found that baseline levels of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; p < .001), Dkk1 (p = .014), and CTX-1 (p = .046) were related to the annual rate of change of global cognition over the 18 month follow-up. In cognitive domain-specific analysis, baseline TRAIL was found to be positively related to the annual rate of change in episodic (p < .001) and working memory (p = .016), and baseline Dkk1 was positively related to semantic memory (p = .027) and negatively related to working memory (p = .016). Conclusions These results further confirm the link between bone and brain health and suggest that circulating levels of bone-related biomarkers may have diagnostic potential to predict worsening cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Ross
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raj C Shah
- Department of Family Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sue Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Robert S Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dale Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Sivaji K, Kannan RR, Nandhagopal S, Carlton Ranjith WA, Saleem S. Exogenous human beta amyloid peptide interferes osteogenesis through Sox9a in embryonic zebrafish. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4975-4984. [PMID: 31264162 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The two major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid peptide aggregations in the brain cause loss of synaptic connections and subsequent neurotoxicity leading to neurodegeneration and memory deficits. However, the physiological effects of beta-amyloid on early embryonic development still remain unclear. Administration of human beta-amyloid peptide (1-42) through cerebrospinal ventricular injection was carried out at 24 hpf (hours post fertilization) and it was uptaken into the cellular layers of the early ventricular development without any plaque aggregation. Whole-mount Immunostaining of zebrafish embryos injected with the beta-amyloid at 60 hpf revealed the delay in Sox9a expression. Decreased level of cartilage to bone transformation rate in 15 dpf (days post fertilization) zebrafish was observed by differential staining. These results suggest the possible existence of a genetic relationship between extrinsic amyloid peptide and Sox9a expression. Thus, our results demonstrated that the human beta-amyloid influences bone development through Sox9a expression during osteogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiarasi Sivaji
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Suraiya Saleem
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Use of Physical Activity Questionnaires in People With Dementia: A Scoping Review. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:413-421. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Khayrullin A, Krishnan P, Martinez-Nater L, Mendhe B, Fulzele S, Liu Y, Mattison JA, Hamrick MW. Very Long-Chain C24:1 Ceramide Is Increased in Serum Extracellular Vesicles with Aging and Can Induce Senescence in Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010037. [PMID: 30634626 PMCID: PMC6356348 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, function in cell-to-cell communication through delivery of proteins, lipids and microRNAs to target cells via endocytosis and membrane fusion. These vesicles are enriched in ceramide, a sphingolipid associated with the promotion of cell senescence and apoptosis. We investigated the ceramide profile of serum exosomes from young (24⁻40 yrs.) and older (75⁻90 yrs.) women and young (6⁻10 yrs.) and older (25⁻30 yrs.) rhesus macaques to define the role of circulating ceramides in the aging process. EVs were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography. Proteomic analysis was used to validate known exosome markers from Exocarta and nanoparticle tracking analysis used to characterize particle size and concentration. Specific ceramide species were identified with lipidomic analysis. Results show a significant increase in the average amount of C24:1 ceramide in EVs from older women (15.4 pmol/sample) compared to those from younger women (3.8 pmol/sample). Results were similar in non-human primate serum samples with increased amounts of C24:1 ceramide (9.3 pmol/sample) in older monkeys compared to the younger monkeys (1.8 pmol/sample). In vitro studies showed that primary bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) readily endocytose serum EVs, and serum EVs loaded with C24:1 ceramide can induce BMSC senescence. Elevated ceramide levels have been associated with poor cardiovascular health and memory impairment in older adults. Our data suggest that circulating EVs carrying C24:1 ceramide may contribute directly to cell non-autonomous aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Khayrullin
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Priyanka Krishnan
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | | | - Bharati Mendhe
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960, USA.
| | - Yutao Liu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Julie A Mattison
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Loskutova N, Watts AS, Burns JM. The cause-effect relationship between bone loss and Alzheimer's disease using statistical modeling. Med Hypotheses 2019; 122:92-97. [PMID: 30593432 PMCID: PMC6318806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies provide strong evidence that the CNS directly regulates bone remodeling through the actions of the hypothalamus via two distinct pathways, the neural (mediated by leptin) arm and neurohumoral (mediated by neurohormones and growth factors) arm. The impact of AD on central regulatory mechanisms of bone mass is not known. OBJECTIVES To test a model that assesses the relationship between hypothalamic atrophy and bone loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and potential mediation through neural (leptin) and neurohumoral (insulin-like growth factor -1, IGF-1) mechanisms. HYPOTHESES AD-related hypothalamic structural change alters neural and neurohumoral regulatory systems of bone remodeling and contributes to bone loss in early AD. DESIGN A secondary data analysis of data obtained in a two-year longitudinal study with path analysis and longitudinal mediation modeling. PARTICIPANTS The data were collected as a part of the University of Kansas Brain Aging Project, a two-year observational study of 71 older adults with early stage AD and 69 non-demented controls. MEASUREMENTS Demographic characteristics and measures of bone density, body composition, and hypothalamic volume, serum levels of leptin, growth hormone, and IGF-1 were collected. RESULTS Hypothalamic atrophy and bone loss were observed in AD group and were associated. Data modeling suggests that bone loss may precede measurable changes in the brain. Leptin increased over two years in AD and the increase in leptin was associated with hypothalamic atrophy. However, changes in leptin or IGF-1 levels did not mediate the relationship between hypothalamic atrophy and bone loss. CONCLUSIONS This study extends previous findings by suggesting that bone loss in AD may be related to neurodegenerative changes (atrophy) in the hypothalamus. Further studies are needed to explore the role of brain atrophy and mediating mechanisms in bone loss. Further exploring temporal relationship between bone loss and AD may have an important diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Loskutova
- American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, USA.
| | | | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Abstract
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is correlated with Alzheimer's disease and its severity, but the association remains unclear in adults (≥50 years) without a history of stroke or dementia.We assessed BMD and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in 650 stroke- and dementia-free subjects (≥50 years) who were recruited for an early health check-up program between January 2009 and December 2010.The mean age was 62.9 ± 8.0 years and mean MMSE score was 27.6 ± 3.6. A total of 361 subjects had reduced BMD: 197 (30.3%) had osteopenia and 154 (23.6%) had osteoporosis, based on criteria of world health organization. A total of 5.4% of the male subjects had osteoporosis, versus 19.8% of the female subjects. After adjusting for age, sex, education, and other possible confounding factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, the estimated odds ratio for cognitive impairment was 1.72 for the osteopenia group (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.14, P = .019) and 2.81 for the osteoporosis group (95% CI 1.78-4.45, P < .001).Low BMD is correlated with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and above without any medical history of stroke or dementia, especially in women. A community-based, early life, preventive osteoporosis education campaign might decrease the incidence of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan
| | - Han Uk Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju
| | - Seung-Han Suk
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University Ansan Municipal Geriatric Hospital and Center for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Ansan, South Korea
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Comparison of Cell Proliferation and Adhesion of Human Osteoblast Differentiated Cells on Electrospun and Freeze-Dried PLGA/Bioglass Scaffolds. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.67266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Dengler-Crish CM, Ball HC, Lin L, Novak KM, Cooper LN. Evidence of Wnt/β-catenin alterations in brain and bone of a tauopathy mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:148-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Association between Osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density Levels and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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