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Tong H, Yang T, Xu S, Li X, Liu L, Zhou G, Yang S, Yin S, Li XJ, Li S. Huntington's Disease: Complex Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3845. [PMID: 38612657 PMCID: PMC11011923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) arises from the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene (HTT), resulting in the production of the mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) with a polyglutamine stretch in its N-terminus. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying HD are complex and not yet fully elucidated. However, mHTT forms aggregates and accumulates abnormally in neuronal nuclei and processes, leading to disruptions in multiple cellular functions. Although there is currently no effective curative treatment for HD, significant progress has been made in developing various therapeutic strategies to treat HD. In addition to drugs targeting the neuronal toxicity of mHTT, gene therapy approaches that aim to reduce the expression of the mutant HTT gene hold great promise for effective HD therapy. This review provides an overview of current HD treatments, discusses different therapeutic strategies, and aims to facilitate future therapeutic advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.T.); (T.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.T.); (T.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
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Xia JQ, Cheng YF, Zhang SR, Ma YZ, Fu JJ, Yang TM, Zhang LY, Burgunder JM, Shang HF. The characteristic and prognostic role of blood inflammatory markers in patients with Huntington's disease from China. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1374365. [PMID: 38595854 PMCID: PMC11002148 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1374365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to elucidate the role of peripheral inflammation in Huntington's disease (HD) by examining the correlation of peripheral inflammatory markers with clinical manifestations and disease prognosis. Methods This investigation involved 92 HD patients and 92 matched healthy controls (HCs). We quantified various peripheral inflammatory markers and calculated their derived metrics including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Clinical assessments spanning cognitive, motor, and disease severity were administered. Comparative analysis of inflammatory markers and clinical correlations between HD and controls was performed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model were used to assess the effect of inflammatory markers on survival. Results The study revealed that HD patients had significantly reduced lymphocyte counts, and LMR. Conversely, NLR, PLR, and SII were elevated compared to HCs. Lymphocyte levels inversely correlated with the age of onset and monocyte levels inversely correlated with the UHDRS-total functional capacity (TFC) scores. After adjusting for age, sex, and CAG repeat length, lymphocyte count, NLR, PLR, and SII were significantly correlated with the progression rate of TFC scores. Elevated levels of white blood cells and monocytes were associated with an increased risk of disability and mortality in the HD cohort. Conclusion Our findings indicate that HD patients display a distinct peripheral inflammatory profile with increased NLR, PLR, and SII levels compared to HCs. The peripheral inflammation appears to be linked with accelerated disease progression and decreased survival in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiang Xia
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang-Fan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Si-Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Jia Fu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian-Mi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jean-Marc Burgunder
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurology, Swiss Huntington's Disease Centre, Siloah, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Morató X, Fernández-Dueñas V, Pérez-Villamor P, Valle-León M, Vela JM, Merlos M, Burgueño J, Ciruela F. Development of a Novel σ 1 Receptor Biosensor Based on Its Heterodimerization with Binding Immunoglobulin Protein in Living Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37191585 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The σ1 receptor (S1R) is a ligand-regulated non-opioid intracellular receptor involved in several pathological conditions. The development of S1R-based drugs as therapeutic agents is a challenge due to the lack of simple functional assays to identify and classify S1R ligands. We have developed a novel nanoluciferase binary technology (NanoBiT) assay based on the ability of S1R to heteromerize with the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) in living cells. The S1R-BiP heterodimerization biosensor allows for rapid and accurate identification of S1R ligands by monitoring the dynamics of association-dissociation of S1R and BiP. Acute treatment of cells with the S1R agonist PRE-084 produced rapid and transient dissociation of the S1R-BiP heterodimer, which was blocked by haloperidol. The effect of PRE-084 was enhanced by calcium depletion, leading to a higher reduction in heterodimerization even in the presence of haloperidol. Prolonged incubation of cells with S1R antagonists (haloperidol, NE-100, BD-1047, and PD-144418) increased the formation of S1R-BiP heteromers, while agonists (PRE-084, 4-IBP, and pentazocine) did not alter heterodimerization under the same experimental conditions. The newly developed S1R-BiP biosensor is a simple and effective tool for exploring S1R pharmacology in an easy cellular setting. This biosensor is suitable for high-throughput applications and a valuable resource in the researcher's toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Marta Valle-León
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Burgueño
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Li XY, Bao YF, Xie JJ, Gao B, Qian SX, Dong Y, Wu ZY. Application Value of Serum Neurofilament Light Protein for Disease Staging in Huntington's Disease. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37148558 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofilament light protein (NfL) has been proven to be a sensitive biomarker for Huntington's disease (HD). However, these studies did not include HD patients at advanced stages or with larger CAG repeats (>50), leading to a knowledge gap of the characteristics of NfL. METHODS Serum NfL (sNfL) levels were quantified using an ultrasensitive immunoassay. Participants were assessed by clinical scales and 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging. Longitudinal samples and clinical data were obtained. RESULTS Baseline samples were available from 110 controls, 90 premanifest HD (pre-HD) and 137 HD individuals. We found levels of sNfL significantly increased in HD compared to pre-HD and controls (both P < 0.0001). The increase rates of sNfL were differed by CAG repeat lengths. However, there was no difference in sNfL levels in manifest HD from early to late stages. In addition, sNfL levels were associated with cognitive measures in pre-HD and manifest HD group, respectively. The increased levels of sNfL were also closely related to microstructural changes in white matter. In the longitudinal analysis, baseline sNfL did not correlate with subsequent clinical function decline. Random forest analysis revealed that sNfL had good power for predicting disease onset. CONCLUSIONS Although sNfL levels are independent of disease stages in manifest HD, it is still an optimal indicator for predicting disease onset and has potential use as a surrogate biomarker of treatment effect in clinical trials. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Bao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Xia Qian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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Abatematteo FS, Majellaro M, Montsch B, Prieto-Díaz R, Niso M, Contino M, Stefanachi A, Riganti C, Mangiatordi GF, Delre P, Heffeter P, Sotelo E, Abate C. Development of Fluorescent 4-[4-(3 H-Spiro[isobenzofuran-1,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl)butyl]indolyl Derivatives as High-Affinity Probes to Enable the Study of σ Receptors via Fluorescence-Based Techniques. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3798-3817. [PMID: 36919956 PMCID: PMC10041534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptor subtypes, σ1 and σ2, are targets of wide pharmaceutical interest. The σ2 receptor holds promise for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics against cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms activated by the σ2 receptor. To contribute to the exploitation of its therapeutic potential, we developed novel specific fluorescent ligands. Indole derivatives bearing the N-butyl-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,4'-piperidine] portion were functionalized with fluorescent tags. Nanomolar-affinity fluorescent σ ligands, spanning from green to red to near-infrared emission, were obtained. Compounds 19 (σ pan affinity) and 29 (σ2 selective), which displayed the best compromise between pharmacodynamic and photophysical properties, were investigated in flow cytometry, confocal, and live cell microscopy, demonstrating their specificity for the σ2 receptor. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first red-emitting fluorescent σ2 ligands, validated as powerful tools for the study of σ2 receptors via fluorescence-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Centro Singular Investigación Quimica Biologica e Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Centro Singular Investigación Quimica Biologica e Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, 79125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, 79125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Delre
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular Investigación Quimica Biologica e Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4, 79125 Bari, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Pridopidine Does Not Significantly Prolong the QTc Interval at the Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Dose. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:597-617. [PMID: 36811812 PMCID: PMC10043059 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pridopidine is a highly selective sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist in development for the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Pridopidine's activation of S1R enhances cellular processes that are crucial for neuronal function and survival but are impaired in neurodegenerative diseases. Human brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies show that at the therapeutic dose of 45 mg twice daily (bid), pridopidine selectively and robustly occupies the S1R. We conducted concentration-QTc (C-QTc) analyses to assess pridopidine's effect on the QT interval and investigated its cardiac safety profile. METHODS C-QTc analysis was conducted using data from PRIDE-HD, a phase 2, placebo-controlled trial evaluating four pridopidine doses (45, 67.5, 90, 112.5 mg bid) or placebo over 52 weeks in HD patients. Triplicate electrocardiograms (ECGs) with simultaneous plasma drug concentrations were determined in 402 patients with HD. The effect of pridopidine on the Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF) was evaluated. Cardiac-related adverse events (AEs) were analyzed from PRIDE-HD alone and from pooled safety data of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with pridopidine in HD (HART, MermaiHD, and PRIDE-HD). RESULTS A concentration-dependent effect of pridopidine on the change from baseline in the Fridericia-corrected QT interval (ΔQTcF) was observed, with a slope of 0.012 ms (ms) per ng/mL (90% confidence interval (CI), 0.0109-0.0127). At the therapeutic dose of 45 mg bid, the predicted placebo-corrected ΔQTcF (ΔΔQTcF) was 6.6 ms (upper bound 90% CI, 8.0 ms), which is below the level of concern and not clinically relevant. Analysis of pooled safety data from three HD trials demonstrates that at 45 mg bid, pridopidine cardiac-related AE frequencies are similar to those with placebo. No patients reached a QTcF of 500 ms and no patients experienced torsade de pointes (TdP) at any pridopidine dose. CONCLUSIONS At the 45 mg bid therapeutic dose, pridopidine demonstrates a favorable cardiac safety profile, with an effect on the QTc interval that is below the level of concern and not clinically relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION PRIDE-HD (TV7820-CNS-20002) trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02006472, EudraCT 2013-001888-23; HART (ACR16C009) trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00724048; MermaiHD (ACR16C008) trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00665223, EudraCT No. 2007-004988-22.
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Pérez-Arancibia R, Cisternas-Olmedo M, Sepúlveda D, Troncoso-Escudero P, Vidal RL. Small molecules to perform big roles: The search for Parkinson's and Huntington's disease therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1084493. [PMID: 36699535 PMCID: PMC9868863 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1084493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological motor disorders (NMDs) such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins that trigger cell death of specific neuronal populations in the central nervous system. Differential neuronal loss initiates the impaired motor control and cognitive function in the affected patients. Although major advances have been carried out to understand the molecular basis of these diseases, to date there are no treatments that can prevent, cure, or significantly delay the progression of the disease. In this context, strategies such as gene editing, cellular therapy, among others, have gained attention as they effectively reduce the load of toxic protein aggregates in different models of neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, these strategies are expensive and difficult to deliver into the patients' nervous system. Thus, small molecules and natural products that reduce protein aggregation levels are highly sought after. Numerous drug discovery efforts have analyzed large libraries of synthetic compounds for the treatment of different NMDs, with a few candidates reaching clinical trials. Moreover, the recognition of new druggable targets for NMDs has allowed the discovery of new small molecules that have demonstrated their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. It is also important to recognize the contribution of natural products to the discovery of new candidates that can prevent or cure NMDs. Additionally, the repurposing of drugs for the treatment of NMDs has gained huge attention as they have already been through clinical trials confirming their safety in humans, which can accelerate the development of new treatment. In this review, we will focus on the new advances in the discovery of small molecules for the treatment of Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. We will begin by discussing the available pharmacological treatments to modulate the progression of neurodegeneration and to alleviate the motor symptoms in these diseases. Then, we will analyze those small molecules that have reached or are currently under clinical trials, including natural products and repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pérez-Arancibia
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisol Cisternas-Olmedo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Sepúlveda
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Molecular Diagnostic and Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene L. Vidal
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Rene L. Vidal ✉
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Wang SM, Wu HE, Yasui Y, Geva M, Hayden M, Maurice T, Cozzolino M, Su TP. Nucleoporin POM121 signals TFEB-mediated autophagy via activation of SIGMAR1/sigma-1 receptor chaperone by pridopidine. Autophagy 2023; 19:126-151. [PMID: 35507432 PMCID: PMC9809944 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential process for cellular survival and is implicated in many diseases. A critical step in autophagy is the transport of the transcription factor TFEB from the cytosol into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore (NP) by KPNB1/importinβ1. In the C9orf72 subtype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ALS-FTD), the hexanucleotide (G4C2)RNA expansion (HRE) disrupts the nucleocytoplasmic transport of TFEB, compromising autophagy. Here we show that a molecular chaperone, the SIGMAR1/Sigma-1 receptor (sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1), facilitates TFEB transport into the nucleus by chaperoning the NP protein (i.e., nucleoporin) POM121 which recruits KPNB1. In NSC34 cells, HRE reduces TFEB transport by interfering with the association between SIGMAR1 and POM121, resulting in reduced nuclear levels of TFEB, KPNB1, and the autophagy marker LC3-II. Overexpression of SIGMAR1 or POM121, or treatment with the highly selective and potent SIGMAR1 agonist pridopidine, currently in phase 2/3 clinical trials for ALS and Huntington disease, rescues all of these deficits. Our results implicate nucleoporin POM121 not merely as a structural nucleoporin, but also as a chaperone-operated signaling molecule enabling TFEB-mediated autophagy. Our data suggest the use of SIGMAR1 agonists, such as pridopidine, for therapeutic development of diseases in which autophagy is impaired.Abbreviations: ALS-FTD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementiaC9ALS-FTD, C9orf72 subtype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementiaCS, citrate synthaseER, endoplasmic reticulumGSS, glutathione synthetaseHRE, hexanucleotide repeat expansionHSPA5/BiP, heat shock protein 5LAMP1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1MAM, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membraneMAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3NP, nuclear poreNSC34, mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell lineNUPs, nucleoporinsPOM121, nuclear pore membrane protein 121SIGMAR1/Sigma-1R, sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1TFEB, transcription factor EBTMEM97/Sigma-2R, transmembrane protein 97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
- China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung city, 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, No.2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung city, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
| | - Michal Geva
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Michael Hayden
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
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Lenoir S, Lahaye RA, Vitet H, Scaramuzzino C, Virlogeux A, Capellano L, Genoux A, Gershoni-Emek N, Geva M, Hayden MR, Saudou F. Pridopidine rescues BDNF/TrkB trafficking dynamics and synapse homeostasis in a Huntington disease brain-on-a-chip model. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105857. [PMID: 36075537 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. HTT is involved in the axonal transport of vesicles containing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In HD, diminished BDNF transport leads to reduced BDNF delivery to the striatum, contributing to striatal and cortical neuronal death. Pridopidine is a selective and potent sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist currently in clinical development for HD. The S1R is located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria interface, where it regulates key cellular pathways commonly impaired in neurodegenerative diseases. We used a microfluidic device that reconstitutes the corticostriatal network, allowing the investigation of presynaptic dynamics, synaptic morphology and transmission, and postsynaptic signaling. Culturing primary neurons from the HD mouse model HdhCAG140/+ provides a "disease-on-a-chip" platform ideal for investigating pathogenic mechanisms and drug activity. Pridopidine rescued the trafficking of BDNF and TrkB resulting in an increased neurotrophin signaling at the synapse. This increased the capacity of HD neurons to release glutamate and restored homeostasis at the corticostriatal synapse. These data suggest that pridopidine enhances the availability of corticostriatal BDNF via S1R activation, leading to neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lenoir
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Romane A Lahaye
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Vitet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Scaramuzzino
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Amandine Virlogeux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Capellano
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Genoux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Michael R Hayden
- Prilenia Therapeutics, Herzliya, Israel; The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France..
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10
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Tabrizi SJ, Estevez-Fraga C, van Roon-Mom WMC, Flower MD, Scahill RI, Wild EJ, Muñoz-Sanjuan I, Sampaio C, Rosser AE, Leavitt BR. Potential disease-modifying therapies for Huntington's disease: lessons learned and future opportunities. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:645-658. [PMID: 35716694 PMCID: PMC7613206 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is the most frequent autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder; however, no disease-modifying interventions are available for patients with this disease. The molecular pathogenesis of Huntington's disease is complex, with toxicity that arises from full-length expanded huntingtin and N-terminal fragments of huntingtin, which are both prone to misfolding due to proteolysis; aberrant intron-1 splicing of the HTT gene; and somatic expansion of the CAG repeat in the HTT gene. Potential interventions for Huntington's disease include therapies targeting huntingtin DNA and RNA, clearance of huntingtin protein, DNA repair pathways, and other treatment strategies targeting inflammation and cell replacement. The early termination of trials of the antisense oligonucleotide tominersen suggest that it is time to reflect on lessons learned, where the field stands now, and the challenges and opportunities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Carlos Estevez-Fraga
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michael D Flower
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachael I Scahill
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edward J Wild
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Cristina Sampaio
- CHDI Management, CHDI Foundation Los Angeles, CA, USA; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anne E Rosser
- BRAIN unit, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Centre for Huntington's disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Ferguson MW, Kennedy CJ, Palpagama TH, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. Current and Possible Future Therapeutic Options for Huntington’s Disease. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221092517. [PMID: 35615642 PMCID: PMC9125092 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221092517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by an excessive number of CAG trinucleotide repeats within the huntingtin gene ( HTT). HD patients can present with a variety of symptoms including chorea, behavioural and psychiatric abnormalities and cognitive decline. Each patient has a unique combination of symptoms, and although these can be managed using a range of medications and non-drug treatments there is currently no cure for the disease. Current therapies prescribed for HD can be categorized by the symptom they treat. These categories include chorea medication, antipsychotic medication, antidepressants, mood stabilizing medication as well as non-drug therapies. Fortunately, there are also many new HD therapeutics currently undergoing clinical trials that target the disease at its origin; lowering the levels of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT). Currently, much attention is being directed to antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies, which bind to pre-RNA or mRNA and can alter protein expression via RNA degradation, blocking translation or splice modulation. Other potential therapies in clinical development include RNA interference (RNAi) therapies, RNA targeting small molecule therapies, stem cell therapies, antibody therapies, non-RNA targeting small molecule therapies and neuroinflammation targeted therapies. Potential therapies in pre-clinical development include Zinc-Finger Protein (ZFP) therapies, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) therapies and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas) therapies. This comprehensive review aims to discuss the efficacy of current HD treatments and explore the clinical trial progress of emerging potential HD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie W. Ferguson
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Connor J. Kennedy
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thulani H. Palpagama
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry J. Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L. M. Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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12
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Abatematteo FS, Mosier PD, Niso M, Brunetti L, Berardi F, Loiodice F, Contino M, Delprat B, Maurice T, Laghezza A, Abate C. Development of novel phenoxyalkylpiperidines as high-affinity Sigma-1 (σ 1) receptor ligands with potent anti-amnesic effect. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114038. [PMID: 34902734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor plays a significant role in many normal physiological functions and pathological disease states, and as such represents an attractive therapeutic target for both agonists and antagonists. Here, we describe a novel series of phenoxyalkylpiperidines based on the lead compound 1-[ω-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-4-methylpiperidine (1a) in which the degree of methylation at the carbon atoms alpha to the piperidine nitrogen was systematically varied. The affinity at σ1 and σ2 receptors and at Δ8-Δ7 sterol isomerase (SI) ranged from subnanomolar to micromolar Ki values. While the highest-affinity was displayed at the σ1, the increase of the degree of methylation in the piperidine ring progressively decreased the affinity. The subnanomolar affinity 1a and 1-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-4-methylpiperidine (1b) displayed potent anti-amnesic effects associated with σ1 receptor agonism, in two memory tests. Automated receptor-small-molecule ligand docking provided a molecular structure-based rationale for the agonistic effects of 1a and 1b. Overall, the class of the phenoxyalkylpiperidines holds potential for the development of high affinity σ1 receptor agonists, and compound 1a, that appears as the best in class (exceeding by far the activity of the reference compound PRE-084) deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S Abatematteo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Philip D Mosier
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Benjamin Delprat
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy.
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13
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Maity S, Komal P, Kumar V, Saxena A, Tungekar A, Chandrasekar V. Impact of ER Stress and ER-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:780. [PMID: 35054963 PMCID: PMC8775980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded proteins is a common phenomenon of several neurodegenerative diseases. The misfolding of proteins due to abnormal polyglutamine (PolyQ) expansions are linked to the development of PolyQ diseases including Huntington's disease (HD). Though the genetic basis of PolyQ repeats in HD remains prominent, the primary molecular basis mediated by PolyQ toxicity remains elusive. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER or disruption of ER homeostasis causes ER stress and activates an evolutionarily conserved pathway called Unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein homeostasis disruption at organelle level involving UPR or ER stress response pathways are found to be linked to HD. Due to dynamic intricate connections between ER and mitochondria, proteins at ER-mitochondria contact sites (mitochondria associated ER membranes or MAMs) play a significant role in HD development. The current review aims at highlighting the most updated information about different UPR pathways and their involvement in HD disease progression. Moreover, the role of MAMs in HD progression has also been discussed. In the end, the review has focused on the therapeutic interventions responsible for ameliorating diseased states via modulating either ER stress response proteins or modulating the expression of ER-mitochondrial contact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India; (P.K.); (V.K.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
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14
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[Disease-modifying treatment approaches in Huntington disease : Past and future]. DER NERVENARZT 2021; 93:179-190. [PMID: 34762178 PMCID: PMC8825394 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Die Huntington-Krankheit (HK) ist die häufigste monogenetische neurodegenerative Erkrankung und kann bereits im präklinischen Stadium zweifelsfrei diagnostiziert werden, zumindest in allen Fällen, bei denen die CAG-Expansionsmutation im Huntingtin-Gen (HTT) im Bereich der vollen Penetranz liegt. Wichtige Voraussetzungen für eine früh im Krankheitsprozess einsetzende und deshalb den weiteren Verlauf der Krankheit in klinisch relevanter Weise modifizierende Therapie sind damit gegeben und machen die HK zu einer Modellerkrankung für neuroprotektive Behandlungsansätze. In der Vergangenheit lag der Schwerpunkt auf dem Ausgleich vermuteter Neurotransmitterdefizite (GABA) analog zur Parkinson-Erkrankung und auf klassischen neuroprotektiven Strategien zur Beeinflussung hypothetischer gemeinsamer Endstrecken neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen (z. B. Exzitotoxizität, mitochondriale Dysfunktion, oxidativer Stress etc.). Mit der Entdeckung der krankheitsverursachenden HTT-Mutation im Jahr 1993 fokussierte sich die Therapieforschung zunehmend darauf, soweit proximal wie möglich in die pathophysiologische Ereigniskette einzugreifen. Ein wichtiger Ansatzpunkt ist hier die HTT-mRNA mit dem Ziel, die Nachproduktion mutierter Huntingtin-Genprodukte zu senken und damit den Körper von deren schädigenden Auswirkungen zu entlasten; zu diesem Zweck sind verschiedene Behandlungsmodalitäten (einzelsträngige DNA und RNA, divalente RNA und Zinkfinger-Repressorkomplexe, oral verfügbare Spleißmodulatoren) entwickelt worden, die sich in der klinischen Prüfung (Phase I–III) oder in späten Stadien der präklinischen Entwicklung befinden. Zudem zeichnet sich ab, dass es möglich sein könnte, die Länge der somatisch instabilen, d. h. über die Lebenszeit v. a. im Hirngewebe zunehmende CAG-Mutation selbst zu beeinflussen und die Progression der HK hierdurch zu bremsen.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by motor dysfunction, behavioral/psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. Because of the lack of availability of curative or disease modifying treatments, much of clinical practice in HD care to date has focused on symptomatic treatment. Recent work has created optimism surrounding possible emerging disease modifying therapeutics. HD is a developing therapeutic field with diverse and promising emerging therapies. AREAS COVERED A PubMed literature review was completed to discover pertinent reviews and analyses. ClinicalTrials.gov was referenced to find updated information about ongoing and planned trials. Lastly, because of the rapidly evolving nature of HD treatments, drug manufacturer websites and press releases were reviewed to provide current information surrounding recently reported trial results. EXPERT OPINION Recent setbacks involving antisense oligonucleotide research should not diminish enthusiasm and hope for the many other novel therapies currently being pursued. We remain optimistic about the many promising emerging therapies for HD, and we expect that growing knowledge about the pathophysiology of the underlying disease and constant advances in biotechnology will lead to therapies that have a meaningful impact in the lives of patients, their families, and those who care for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wiggins
- NYU Langone's Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, United States of America
| | - Andrew Feigin
- NYU Langone's Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, United States of America
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16
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Zhemkov V, Geva M, Hayden MR, Bezprozvanny I. Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R) Interaction with Cholesterol: Mechanisms of S1R Activation and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4082. [PMID: 33920913 PMCID: PMC8071319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a 223 amino acid-long transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. The S1R modulates the activity of multiple effector proteins, but its signaling functions are poorly understood. S1R is associated with cholesterol, and in our recent studies we demonstrated that S1R association with cholesterol induces the formation of S1R clusters. We propose that these S1R-cholesterol interactions enable the formation of cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the ER membrane. We hypothesize that a number of secreted and signaling proteins are recruited and retained in these microdomains. This hypothesis is consistent with the results of an unbiased screen for S1R-interacting partners, which we performed using the engineered ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APEX2) technology. We further propose that S1R agonists enable the disassembly of these cholesterol-enriched microdomains and the release of accumulated proteins such as ion channels, signaling receptors, and trophic factors from the ER. This hypothesis may explain the pleotropic signaling functions of the S1R, consistent with previously observed effects of S1R agonists in various experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zhemkov
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Michal Geva
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development LTD, Herzliya 4673304, Israel; (M.G.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Michael R. Hayden
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development LTD, Herzliya 4673304, Israel; (M.G.); (M.R.H.)
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V5, Canada
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Battista T, Pascarella G, Staid DS, Colotti G, Rosati J, Fiorillo A, Casamassa A, Vescovi AL, Giabbai B, Semrau MS, Fanelli S, Storici P, Squitieri F, Morea V, Ilari A. Known Drugs Identified by Structure-Based Virtual Screening Are Able to Bind Sigma-1 Receptor and Increase Growth of Huntington Disease Patient-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1293. [PMID: 33525510 PMCID: PMC7865886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a devastating and presently untreatable neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressively disabling motor and mental manifestations. The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is a protein expressed in the central nervous system, whose 3D structure has been recently determined by X-ray crystallography and whose agonists have been shown to have neuroprotective activity in neurodegenerative diseases. To identify therapeutic agents against HD, we have implemented a drug repositioning strategy consisting of: (i) Prediction of the ability of the FDA-approved drugs publicly available through the ZINC database to interact with σ1R by virtual screening, followed by computational docking and visual examination of the 20 highest scoring drugs; and (ii) Assessment of the ability of the six drugs selected by computational analyses to directly bind purified σ1R in vitro by Surface Plasmon Resonance and improve the growth of fibroblasts obtained from HD patients, which is significantly impaired with respect to control cells. All six of the selected drugs proved able to directly bind purified σ1R in vitro and improve the growth of HD cells from both or one HD patient. These results support the validity of the drug repositioning procedure implemented herein for the identification of new therapeutic tools against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Battista
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Pascarella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - David Sasah Staid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.C.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.C.); (A.L.V.)
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.C.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Barbara Giabbai
- Protein Facility, Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy; (B.G.); (M.S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Marta Stefania Semrau
- Protein Facility, Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy; (B.G.); (M.S.S.); (P.S.)
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sergio Fanelli
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Paola Storici
- Protein Facility, Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy; (B.G.); (M.S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Veronica Morea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (G.P.); (D.S.S.); (G.C.)
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