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Amniotic LPS-Induced Apoptosis in the Fetal Brain Is Suppressed by Vaginal LPS Preconditioning but Is Promoted by Continuous Ischemic Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031787. [PMID: 35163709 PMCID: PMC8836254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis (CAM) is an increasingly common disease affecting pregnant women which derives from bacterial vaginosis. In different clinical cases, it has been shown that CAM can cause multiple risk factors for fetal brain damage, such as infection, and intra-uterine asphyxia. However, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we established a novel CAM mouse model by exposing pregnant mice to a combination of three risk factors: vaginal lipopolysaccharides (LPS), amniotic LPS, and ischemic reperfusion. We found amniotic LPS caused Parkinson's disease-like fetal brain damage, in a dose and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the mechanism of this fetal brain damage is apoptosis induced by amniotic LPS but it was inhibited by being pretreated with a vaginal LPS challenge before amniotic LPS injection. In contrast, amniotic LPS with continuous ischemic reperfusion caused a higher level of apoptotic cell death than amniotic LPS alone. In particular, a potential neuroprotective biomarker phosphorylation (p)-CREB (ser133) appeared in only vaginal LPS preconditioned before amniotic LPS, whereas ischemic reperfusion triggered IKK phosphorylation after amniotic LPS. Despite the need for many future investigations, this study also discussed a developed understanding of the molecular mechanism of how these phenotypes occurred.
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Retraction notice regarding several articles published in Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2022; 40:289-290. [PMID: 37154191 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-239001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Giannubilo SR, Marzioni D. The Multifaced Actions of Curcumin in Pregnancy Outcome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010126. [PMID: 33477354 PMCID: PMC7830020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is the main polyphenolic substance present in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. This plant showed many beneficial effects and has been used since ancient times for both food and pharmaceutical purposes. Due to its pleiotropic functions, curcumin consumption in the human diet has become very common thanks also to the fact that this natural compound is considered quite safe as it does not have serious side effects. Its functions as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-toxicant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-diabetic compound are already known and widely demonstrated. There are numerous studies concerning its effects on various human pathologies including cancer, diabetes and arthritis while the studies on curcumin during pregnancy have been performed only in animal models. Data concerning the role of curcumin as anti-inflammatory compound suggest a possible use of curcumin in managing pregnancy complications such as Preeclampsia (PE), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR), PreTerm Birth (PTB), and exposure to toxic agents and pathogens. The aim of this review is to present data to support the possible use of curcumin in clinical trials on human gestation complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (S.F.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-071.2206268
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Qiao P, Ma J, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zou Q, Cai Z, Tang Y. Curcumin Prevents Neuroinflammation by Inducing Microglia to Transform into the M2-phenotype via CaMKKβ-dependent Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Pathway. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:735-752. [PMID: 33176649 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201111120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of various neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that curcumin has obvious anti-inflammatory effects in various neuroinflammation models. However, its effect on the modulation of microglial polarization is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether curcumin changed microglia to an anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. METHODS LPS treatment was used to establish BV2 cells and primary microglia neuroinflammation models. The neuroinflammation mouse model was established by an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the lateral septal complex region of the brain. TNF-α was measured by ELISA, and cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was examined by Q-PCR and Western blot analysis. Phenotypic polarization of BV2 microglia was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Curcumin enhanced AMPK activation in BV2 microglial cells in the presence and absence of LPS. Upon LPS stimulation, the addition of curcumin promoted M2 polarization of BV2 cells, as evidenced by suppressed M1 and the elevated M2 signature protein and gene expression. The effects of curcumin were inhibited by an AMPK inhibitor or AMPK knockdown. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) are upstream kinases that activate AMPK. Curcumin can activate AMPK in Hela cells, which do not express LKB1. However, both the CaMKKβ inhibitor and siRNA blocked curcumin activation of AMPK in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Moreover, the CaMKKβ inhibitor and siRNA weaken the effect of curcumin suppression on M1 and enhancement of M2 protein and gene expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Finally, curcumin enhanced AMPK activation in the brain area where microglia were over-activated upon LPS stimulation in an in vivo neuroinflammation model. Moreover, curcumin also suppressed M1 and promoted M2 signature protein and gene expression in this in vivo model. CONCLUSION Curcumin enhances microglia M2 polarization via the CaMKKβ-dependent AMPK signaling pathway. Additionally, curcumin treatment was found to be neuroprotective and thus might be considered as a novel therapeutic agent to treat the neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China,Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingxi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Zhenting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Ghasemi F, Bagheri H, Barreto GE, Read MI, Sahebkar A. Effects of Curcumin on Microglial Cells. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:12-26. [PMID: 30949950 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS). Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear pathogens and cell debris. Sometimes, however, to protect neurons and fight invading pathogens, resting microglia transform to an activated-form, producing inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, iNOS/NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Excessive inflammation, however, leads to damaged neurons and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Curcumin is a phytochemical isolated from Curcuma longa. It is widely used in Asia and has many therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-mutagenic, anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory, especially with respect to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders (NDs). Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule that inhibits microglia transformation, inflammatory mediators and subsequent NDs. In this mini-review, we discuss the effects of curcumin on microglia and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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