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Mattos AFD, Lima NFD, Wajchenberg M, Martins DE. Low Back Pain in Medical Students and Professors During the Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study. Rev Bras Ortop 2023; 58:e592-e598. [PMID: 37663177 PMCID: PMC10468238 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low back pain before and during the pandemic, comparing both periods. Methods A questionnaire was administered, containing questions about the presence of low back pain, sociodemographic characteristics and environmental factors that could be related to such pain. Results Among the 978 responses obtained, the prevalence of low back pain during the pandemic was 69.94%, which represented a significant increase over values from the pre-pandemic period (57.37%). A high prevalence of low back pain was found between all groups, especially among women. Some factors were associated with the incidence of low back pain, such as having previously diagnosed spinal problems and sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions The prevalence of low back pain increased significantly during the pandemic in the studied groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Wajchenberg
- Membro do Centro de Excelência em Coluna, Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Delio Eulalio Martins
- Membro do Centro de Excelência em Coluna, Programa Locomotor, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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De Carvalho D, Callaghan JP. Does a break from sitting change biomechanical outcome measures or transient pain? A laboratory-based experimental study. Work 2023:WOR211266. [PMID: 36641712 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitting can induce transient low back pain (LBP) in healthy individuals. A rest from sitting should provide relief, however, the parameters of breaks (activity type, intensity, duration, and timing) are not currently known. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2-minute walking breaks at 40-minute intervals on sitting-induced LBP. METHODS Thirty-two healthy participants were recruited for a within-control study: two randomly presented sessions of sitting for 2 hours with and without breaks. Outcome measures were compared between condition and pain group using a three-way ANOVA with significance atp > 0.05. RESULTS Walking breaks at 40-minute intervals result in significantly lower pain ratings than those taken immediately before the break for sitting-induced back pain developers. However, this relief is short lived (<10 minutes), with ratings increasing to pre-break levels once the sitting exposure resumes. There were no differences in biomechanical factors between sessions. Regardless of session type, pain developers displayed higher spine fidget frequency than non-pain developers, females sat with less spine flexion, with greater gluteal activation levels, and with their center of pressure approximately half a centimeter to the left and forward compared to males, and males had significantly greater peak pressures over a smaller area compared to females. CONCLUSION Walking breaks at 40-minute intervals provide significant, but temporary, relief of sitting-induced back pain for pain developers. Future work should optimize break parameters and examine the longer-term benefit of breaks, especially for individuals that are not able to tolerate sitting for extended durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine,Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - J P Callaghan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Lederer V, Messing K, Sultan-Taïeb H. How Can Quantitative Analysis Be Used to Improve Occupational Health without Reinforcing Social Inequalities? An Examination of Statistical Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:19. [PMID: 36612341 PMCID: PMC9819275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taking account of sex and gender in occupational health studies poses statistical challenges. Other sociodemographic variables, such as racialization, class, and age, also affect the relations between workplace exposures and health and interact with sex and gender. Our objective was to perform a critical review of conventional and emerging statistical tools, examining whether each analysis takes account of sociodemographic variables (1) in a way that contributes to identification of critical occupational determinants of health (2) while taking account of relevant population characteristics to reflect intersectional approaches to health and (3) using sample sizes and population characteristics available to researchers. A two-step search was conducted: (1) a scientific watch concerning the statistical tools most commonly used in occupational health over the past 20 years; (2) a screening of the 1980-2022 literature with a focus on emerging tools. Our examination shows that regressions with adjustment for confounders and stratification fail to reveal the sociodemographic mechanisms that interact with occupational health problems, endangering the identification of occupational risks. Multilevel (notably MAIHDA) analyses, decision tree, cluster, and latent analyses are useful methods to consider when seeking to orientate prevention. Researchers should consider methods that adequately reveal the mechanisms connecting sociodemographic variables and occupational health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lederer
- Department of Industrial Relations, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Karen Messing
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hélène Sultan-Taïeb
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management (ESG-UQAM), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Zhai M, Huang Y, Zhou S, Feng J, Pei C, Wen L. Effects of a postural cueing for head and neck posture on lumbar lordosis angles in healthy young and older adults: a preliminary study. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:199. [PMID: 35379258 PMCID: PMC8981642 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postural rehabilitation plays an important role in the treatment of non-specific low back pain. Although pelvic inclination has been widely used to improve lumbar lordosis, the effect of cervical anterior inclination on lumbar lordosis in young and older adults in sitting and standing posture is still unclear. This preliminary study was designed to examine the influence of changing the cervical anterior angle on the lumbar lordosis angle, through alterations of the head position under the natural sitting and standing conditions, aiming to provide a basis for establishing a new postural rehabilitation strategy. Methods Thirty-six young (24.0 ± 2.2 years, 14 females and 22 males) and 38 older (68.4 ± 5.9 years, 36 females and 2 males) healthy adults participated in this study. The four spinal regional angles—cervical anterior angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, and pelvic forward inclination angle, were measured in standing and relaxed sitting postures to determine the effects of a postural cueing for the head and neck posture, “inclining head backward and performing chin tuck,” on lumbar lordosis angle. Results In the standing posture, the pelvic forward inclination angle in the older adult group was significantly smaller (P < 0.001, by ANOVA) than that in the young adult group and increased significantly (P < 0.001) in response to the postural cueing. In addition, the thoracic kyphosis angle in the standing (P = 0.001) and sitting (P = 0.003) positions was significantly reduced in response to the postural cueing. However, the lumbar lordosis angle in response to the postural cueing increased significantly in both the standing position (P < 0.001) and sitting position (P < 0.001). Conclusion The results suggest that increasing the cervical anterior angle can increase the lumbar lordosis angle, and the cervical anterior inclination can be used as an alternative to pelvic forward inclination to improve the lumbar lordosis angle. Furthermore, the change in head and neck posture can reduce the thoracic kyphosis angle, making it possible to establish a new noninvasive body posture rehabilitation strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03090-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhai
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, No.8 Linggusi road, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yongchao Huang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, No.8 Linggusi road, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, P Block, Military Road, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Jiayun Feng
- Institute of Sports Training, Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chaolei Pei
- Institute of Sports Training, Shanxi Normal University, No.339 Taiyu Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, 030000, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, No.8 Linggusi road, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Rigby L, Frey M, Alexander KL, De Carvalho D. Monitoring calf circumference: changes during prolonged constrained sitting. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:631-641. [PMID: 34590970 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1979660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting has been associated with negative health effects; however, short-term time-varying exposure and response data is lacking. Twenty-two young and healthy participants were seated for 2 hours with the instruction to avoid the confounding effects of large leg movements while calf circumference, perceived discomfort, and lower limb muscle activity were collected. Calf circumference increased significantly (0.90 ± 0.32 cm) during sitting with no statistical differences between sexes. Perceived discomfort increased significantly over time in the low back and gluteal regions (p = 0.001-0.072, ηp2=0.080-0.360). On average, it took 20.31 ± 10.87 minutes of walking for calf measures to return to pre-sitting baseline. These results suggest that sitting for 2 hours without activity breaks may not be advisable and that recovery may take longer than expected. The exposure/response data from this study may be helpful in the design of future studies, with a larger and more general population, aiming to better define recommended duration/activity ratios for sitting-focused occupations. Practitioner summary: Leg swelling is a concern in prolonged sitting. In this study of young, healthy participants, we found a 2 hour constrained sitting exposure (controlling for large leg movements) induced significant increases in calf circumference that took an average of 20.31 ± 10.87 min of walking to return to baseline.Abbreviations: FMD: flow-mediated dilation, GSC: gastrocnemius; TA: tibialis anterior; EMG: electromyography; VAS: visual analog scale; MVC: maximum voluntary contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rigby
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - Mona Frey
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Kara-Lyn Alexander
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - Diana De Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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