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Haipt A, Rosenbaum D, Fuhr K, Batra A, Ehlis AC. Differential effects of hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the default mode network of depressed patients. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1401946. [PMID: 38993341 PMCID: PMC11238146 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1401946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypnosis has been applied in healing procedures since the earliest of recorded history and today it is implemented in a wholesome concept Hypnotherapy (HT1). On a neurophysiological level, hypnosis has been associated with parts of the Default Mode Network (DMN2), but its effects on this network when induced in a treatment setting of a widespread disorder, namely depression, have never been investigated. Depression is associated with abnormal functional connectivity (FC3) of the DMN. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT4) has proven itself to be an effective treatment for depression; effects of CBT on DMN-related regions are heterogeneous. In the past years, HT was found to be a promising alternative or helpful adjunction. Yet, its underlying mechanisms remain to be unclear. In this original study 75 depressed patients receiving either CBT or HT were included and measured during resting-state before and after therapy with functional near-infrared-spectroscopy (fNIRS5). On symptom level, results show a significant reduction in both groups. On a neurophysiological level, first exploratory analyses hint toward treatment effects in two components of the DMN. However, these effects do not withstand correction for multiple testing. Still, our study is a first stepstone in the investigation of neural mechanisms of HT and offers first ideas about possible implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Haipt
- Department of Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Fuhr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Mellacheruvu SP, Lekkala SP, Chauhan S, Mohammed AS, Mundla SR, Shenoy A, Mohammed BK, Bawa J, Nallapothula S, Gurram P, Jain A, Desai R, Nayeem MM. Link between irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and colorectal cancer risk in young patients: Age-matched nationwide population-based study. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2024; 15:93408. [PMID: 38984168 PMCID: PMC11229822 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v15.i3.93408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There exists a link between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and depression. Similarly, chronic depression is known to increase the risk of cancer in general. In this population-based analysis, we investigated the prevalence and the odds of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young-depressed patients with IBS. AIM To investigate the relationship between IBS and CRC in young, depressed patients using a nationally representative United States inpatient sample. METHODS The 2019 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify young (18-44 years) patients admitted with comorbid depression in the presence vs absence of IBS using relevant International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Primary endpoint was the prevalence and odds of CRC in age matched (1:1) young-depressed cohort hospitalized with IBS (IBS+) vs without IBS (IBS-). Multivariable regression analysis was performed adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Age-matched (1:1) young-depressed IBS+ (83.9% females, median age 36 years) and IBS- (65.8% females, median age 36 years) cohorts consisted of 14370 patients in each group. IBS+ cohort had higher rates of hypertension, uncomplicated diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, prior stroke, prior venous thromboembolism, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder (P < 0.005) vs the IBS- cohort. However, prior myocardial infarction, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, dementia, smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse (P < 0.005) are high in IBS- cohort. The rate of CRC was comparable in both cohorts [IBS+ n = 25 (0.17%) vs IBS- n = 35 (0.24%)]. Compared to the IBS- cohort, the odds ratio (OR) of developing CRC was not significantly higher [OR 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-2.25)] in IBS+ cohort. Also, adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and hospital characteristics and relevant comorbidities, the OR was found to be non-significant (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.21-3.83). CONCLUSION This nationwide propensity-matched analysis revealed comparable prevalence and risk of CRC in young-depressed patients with vs without IBS. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of depression and its treatment on CRC risk and outcomes in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Prasanna Lekkala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Telangana, Khammam 507002, India
| | - Sukhjinder Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mountainview Hospital, Las Vegas, NV 89128, United States
| | - Adil Sarvar Mohammed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI 48602, United States
| | - Sravya R Mundla
- Department of Public Health, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Telangana, Hyderabad 500090, India
| | - Ankita Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Dr D.Y.Patil University School of Medicine, Maharashtra, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
| | - Bilal Khan Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Jerrin Bawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flushing Hospital Medical Center, Queens, NY 11355, United States
| | - Shantha Nallapothula
- Department of Internal Medicine, PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Andhra Pradesh, Kuppam 517425, India
| | - Priyatham Gurram
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Akhil Jain
- Division of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77079, United States
| | - Rupak Desai
- Independent Researcher, Atlanta, GA 30079, United States
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Fries J, Baudson TG, Kovacs K, Pietschnig J. Bright, but allergic and neurotic? A critical investigation of the "overexcitable genius" hypothesis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1051910. [PMID: 36619122 PMCID: PMC9817003 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Higher intelligence has been associated with improved health and longevity. However, recent findings have claimed that exceptional intelligence may come at a cost. Individuals at the upmost end of the intelligence distribution are reported to be disproportionately afflicted by a set of stress-related physical and mental health conditions: so-called overexcitabilities. Few accounts have investigated this issue and no studies are available for non-US samples yet. Here, we aimed to replicate and extend previous work by examining hitherto unaddressed overexcitabilities in a European high-IQ sample. Methods We carried out a preregistered survey among members of MENSA, the world's largest high-IQ society. In total, 615 (307 male) members from Austria, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom participated. Results and Discussion Compared to the general population, our sample exhibited considerably elevated prevalences in autism spectrum disorders (risk ratio/RR = 2.25), chronic fatigue syndrome (RR = 5.69), depression (RR = 4.38), generalized anxiety (RR = 3.82), and irritable bowel syndrome (RR = 3.76). Contrary to previous accounts, neither asthma, allergies, nor autoimmune diseases were elevated. We show that this subsample of intellectually gifted persons faces specific health challenges compared to the general population. The reasons for this remain speculative, as we find little evidence for previously proposed immunological explanations. However, it is possible that the effects are caused by sample selectiveness (i.e., membership in a high-IQ society) rather than high IQ itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fries
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Jonathan Fries,
| | - Tanja Gabriele Baudson
- Department of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Vinzenz Pallotti University, Vallendar, Germany,Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Vallendar, Germany,Department of Science and Research, Mensa in Germany, Cham, Germany
| | - Kristof Kovacs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jakob Pietschnig
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Cid-Ruzafa J, Lacy BE, Schultze A, Duong M, Lu Y, Raluy-Callado M, Donaldson R, Weissman D, Gómez-Lumbreras A, Ouchi D, Giner-Soriano M, Morros R, Ukah A, Pohl D. Linaclotide utilization and potential for off-label use and misuse in three European countries. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221100946. [PMID: 35706826 PMCID: PMC9189524 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Linaclotide is approved for adults with moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation (IBS-C). Linaclotide is not indicated for weight loss or for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); it is contraindicated in patients with mechanical bowel obstruction (MBO). Some patients with obesity or eating disorders (ED) may use linaclotide off-label for weight loss or as a laxative. OBJECTIVES To describe the use of linaclotide in clinical practice, including patients with potential for off-label use or misuse. METHODS Post-authorization safety study conducted in three databases from the linaclotide launch date to 2017: the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the United Kingdom (UK), the Information System for Research in Primary Care database in Spain and the linked Patient, Prescription and Causes of Death Registries in Sweden. Cohorts of patients were identified as having IBS using diagnostic and treatment codes; IBS subtypes were identified using symptoms and treatment codes; patients with obesity, ED, MBO, and IBD were identified using diagnostic codes or body mass index. RESULTS There were 1319, 1981, and 5081 linaclotide users from the United Kingdom, Spain, and Sweden with a median age of 45, 57, and 51 years, respectively; most were females. In the United Kingdom, Spain, and Sweden, respectively: 59.0%, 60.3%, and 31.3% of linaclotide users had an IBS diagnosis recorded, and among those, 68.8%, 61.3%, and 92.7% were classified as IBS-C. The proportions of linaclotide users considered at risk for potential off-label use for weight loss or as a laxative were 17.1%, 29.7%, and 1.7%, and the proportions of users considered at risk of misuse due to a history of MBO or IBD were 3.5%, 4.6%, and 5.7% in the United Kingdom, Spain, and Sweden, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Potential linaclotide off-label use and misuse appears limited, as evidenced by the small sizes of the patient subgroups at risk for off-label use and misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian E. Lacy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ainhoa Gómez-Lumbreras
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Maria Giner-Soriano
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - Daniel Pohl
- Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bisher keine Erfolgsgeschichte für die Gastroenterologen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1847-0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Illness perception and health care use in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome: results from an online survey. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:154. [PMID: 34275465 PMCID: PMC8287688 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual illness perception is known to influence a range of outcome variables. However, little is known regarding illness perception in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its relation to the use of the health care system. This study hypothesised a relationship between illness perception and inappropriate health care use (under-, over- and misuse). METHODS An internet-based, cross-sectional study in participants affected by IBS symptoms was carried out (April - October 2019) using open questions as well as validated standardized instruments, e.g. the illness perception questionnaire revised (IPQ-R) and its subscales. Sub-group comparisons were done non-parametrically and effect sizes were reported. Potential predictors of (1) conventional health care utilisation and (2) utilisation of treatment approaches with lacking or weak evidence regarding effectiveness in IBS were examined with logistic regression analyses and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Data from 513 individuals were available. More than one-third (35.7%) of participants were classified as high utilisers (> 5 doctor visits during the last year). Several indicators of inappropriate health care use were detected, such as a low proportion of state-of-the-art gynaecological evaluation of symptoms (35.0% of women) and a high proportion of individuals taking ineffective and not recommended non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs for IBS (29.4%). A majority (57.7%) used treatment approaches with lacking or weak evidence regarding the effectiveness in IBS (e.g. homeopathy). Being a high utiliser as defined above was predicted by the perceived daily life consequences of IBS (IPQ-R subscale "consequences", OR = 1.189 [1.100-1.284], p ≤ 0.001) and age (OR = 0.980 [0.962-0.998], p = 0.027). The use of treatment approaches with lacking or weak evidence was forecasted by the perceived daily life consequences (OR = 1.155 [1.091-1.223], p ≤ 0.001) and gender (reference category male: OR = 0.537 [0.327-0.881], p = 0.014), however effect sizes were small. CONCLUSIONS Daily life consequences, perceived cure and personal control as aspects of individual disease perception seem to be related to individuals' health care use. These aspects should be a standard part of the medical interview and actively explored. To face inappropriate health care use patients and professionals need to be trained. Interdisciplinary collaborative care may contribute to enhanced quality of medical supply in IBS.
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The fecal mycobiome in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 33420127 PMCID: PMC7794320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the gut microbiota have been reported in various gastrointestinal disorders, but knowledge of the mycobiome is limited. We investigated the gut mycobiome of 80 patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in comparison with 64 control subjects. The fungal-specific internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) amplicon was sequenced, and mycobiome zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) were defined representing known and unknown species and strains. The fungal community was sparse and individual-specific in all (both IBS and control) subjects. Although beta-diversity differed significantly between IBS and controls, no difference was found among clinical subtypes of IBS or in comparison with the mycobiome of subjects with bile acid malabsorption (BAM), a condition which may overlap with IBS with diarrhoea. The mycobiome alterations co-varied significantly with the bacteriome and metabolome but were not linked with dietary habits. As a putative biomarker of IBS, the predictive power of the fecal mycobiome in machine learning models was significantly better than random but insufficient for clinical diagnosis. The mycobiome presents limited therapeutic and diagnostic potential for IBS, despite co-variation with bacterial components which do offer such potential.
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Spangenberg A. "Psychogenic" is Not the Be-All and End-All. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 116:755. [PMID: 31774056 PMCID: PMC6912129 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Spangenberg
- *Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Neussel W. Anaerobic Cause. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 116:755. [PMID: 31774055 PMCID: PMC6912126 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Häuser W, Layer P. In Reply. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 116:755-756. [PMID: 31774057 PMCID: PMC6912127 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Häuser
- *Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Layer
- **Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany
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