Fewer Operations for Cancer in Germany During the First Wave of COVID-19 in 2020–A Cohort Study and Time-Series Analysis

Prioritization and Resource Allocation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations for Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer in Germany

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a scarcity of resources with various effects on the care of cancer patients. This paper provides an English summary of a German guideline on prioritization and resource allocation for colorectal and pancreatic cancer in the context of the pandemic. Based on a selective literature review as well as empirical and ethical analyses, the research team of the CancerCOVID Consortium drafted recommendations for prioritizing diagnostic and treatment measures for both entities. The final version of the guideline received consent from the executive boards of nine societies of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF), 20 further professional organizations and 22 other experts from various disciplines as well as patient representatives. The guiding principle for the prioritization of decisions is the minimization of harm. Prioritization decisions to fulfill this overall goal should be guided by (1) the urgency relevant to avoid or reduce harm, (2) the likelihood of success of the diagnostic or therapeutic measure advised, and (3) the availability of alternative treatment options. In the event of a relevant risk of harm as a result of prioritization, these decisions should be made by means of a team approach. Gender, age, disability, ethnicity, origin, and other social characteristics, such as social or insurance status, as well as the vehemence of a patient's treatment request and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status should not be used as prioritization criteria. The guideline provides concrete recommendations for (1) diagnostic procedures, (2) surgical procedures for cancer, and (3) systemic treatment and radiotherapy in patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer within the context of the German healthcare system.

Diverticulitis patient care during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany-a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study

PURPOSE

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impacted health care systems around the world. Despite a decrease in emergency admissions, an increased number of complicated forms of diverticulitis was reported. It was the aim of this study to analyze the pandemic impact on diverticulitis management in Germany.

METHODS

This is a retrospective population-wide analysis of hospital billing data (2012-2021) of diverticulitis in Germany. Patients were identified based on diagnosis (ICD10) and procedural codes to stratify by conservative and operative management. Primary outcome of interest was admission rates, secondary outcomes were rates of surgical vs conservative treatment and fraction of complicated clinical courses during the pandemic.

RESULTS

Of a total of 991,579 cases, 66,424 (6.7%) were admitted during pandemic lockdowns. Conservative treatment was the most common overall (66.9%) and higher during lockdowns (70.7%). Overall admissions and population adjusted rates of surgically treated patients decreased, the latter by 12.7% and 11.3%, corrected to estimated rates, in the two lockdowns. Surgery after emergency presentation decreased by 7.1% (p=0.053) and 11.1% (p=0.002) in the two lockdowns with a higher rate of ostomy and/or revision (+5.6%, p=0.219, and +10.2%, p=0.030). In-hospital mortality was increased in lockdown periods (1.64% vs 1.49%). In detail, mortality was identical in case of conservative treatment during lockdown periods (0.5%) but was higher in surgically treated patients (4.4% vs 3.6%).

CONCLUSION

During lockdowns, there was an overall decrease of admissions for diverticulitis, especially non-emergency admissions in Germany, and treatment was more likely to be conservative. In case of surgery, however, there was increased risk of a complicated course (ostomy, re-surgery), possibly due to patient selection.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncological care in Germany: rapid review

OBJECTIVES

The COVID-19 pandemic affected medical care for chronic diseases. This study aimed to systematically assess the pandemic impact on oncological care in Germany using a rapid review.

METHODS

MEDLINE, Embase, study and preprint registries and study bibliographies were searched for studies published between 2020 and 2 November 2022. Inclusion was based on the PCC framework: population (cancer), concept (oncological care) and context (COVID-19 pandemic in Germany). Studies were selected after title/abstract and full-text screening by two authors. Extracted data were synthesized using descriptive statistics or narratively. Risk of bias was assessed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Overall, 77 records (59 peer-reviewed studies and 18 reports) with administrative, cancer registry and survey data were included. Disruptions in oncological care were reported and varied according to pandemic-related factors (e.g., pandemic stage) and other (non-pandemic) factors (e.g., care details). During higher restriction periods fewer consultations and non-urgent surgeries, and delayed diagnosis and screening were consistently reported. Heterogeneous results were reported for treatment types other than surgery (e.g., psychosocial care) and aftercare, while ongoing care remained mostly unchanged. The risk of bias was on average moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

Disruptions in oncological care were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Such disruptions probably depended on factors that were insufficiently controlled for in statistical analyses and evidence quality was on average only moderate. Research focus on patient outcomes (e.g., longer term consequences of disruptions) and pandemic management by healthcare systems is potentially relevant for future pandemics or health emergencies.

Effects of the Pandemic on the Care of Patients With Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in the rates of diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, only a few detailed analyses have been made to date regarding the effect of the pandemic on the care of cancer patients in Germany. Such studies are needed as the basis for well-founded recommendations on health-care delivery priorities during pandemics and other, comparable situations of crisis.

METHODS

This review is based on publications that were retrieved by a selective search of the literature for controlled studies from Germany on the effects of the pandemic on colonoscopies, first diagnoses of colorectal cancer (CRC), surgical procedures for CRC, and CRC-related mortality.

RESULTS

Compared to 2019, the rate of screening colonoscopies performed by physicians in private practice was 1.6% higher in 2020 and 4.3% higher in 2021. On the other hand, the rate of diagnostic colonoscopies in the inpatient setting was 15,7% lower in 2020, while that of therapeutic colonoscopies was 11.7% lower. According to the data evaluated here, first diagnoses of CRC were 2.1% less common in January to September in 2020 than they had been in 2019; according to routine data collected by the statutory health insurance provider GRK, surgery for CRC was 10% less common in 2020 than in 2019. With regard to mortality, sufficient data from Germany were lacking to draw definite conclusions. International modeling data suggest an increase in mortality due to decreased colorectal screening rates during the pandemic that may at least be partially compensated for by intensified screening strategies following the pandemic.

CONCLUSION

Three years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still only a limited evidence base for an evaluation of the effects of the pandemic on medical care and on the outcomes of patients with CRC in Germany. The implementation of central data and research infrastructures will be necessary for further study of the long-term effects of this pandemic, as well as to enable optimal preparedness for future crisis situations.

Einfluss der Coronapandemie auf die Leberchirurgie und Lebertransplantationen in Deutschland

Hintergrund Die Leberchirurgie ist durch ein hohes perioperatives Risiko und einen großen Ressourcenaufwand geprägt, aber die Operationsindikation ist oftmals alternativlos. Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie führte weltweit zu Einschränkungen in der chirurgischen Patientenversorgung und stellte daher auch die Leberchirurgie vor neue Herausforderungen. Welchen Einfluss die Pandemie allerdings auf die Leberchirurgie in Deutschland insgesamt hatte, ist bislang nur unzureichend bekannt.

Methoden Auf Basis der durch das Statistische Bundesamt (Destatis) erfassten Daten zu Prozedurenschlüsseln (OPS-Codes) vollstationärer Patienten in Deutschland aus den Jahren 2010–2020 sowie Daten zu Organtransplantationen der Deutschen Stiftung Organtransplantation (DSO) wurde retrospektiv die Anzahl leberchirurgischer Prozeduren in Deutschland zu Beginn der Pandemie mit den Vorjahresdaten sowie mit Zahlen aus dem Eurotransplant-Raum verglichen.

Ergebnisse Entsprechend der durch das Statistische Bundesamt dokumentierten Prozedurenschlüssel unterlagen Operationen an der Leber sowie Lebertransplantationen in Deutschland in den Jahren 2010 bis 2020 einer jährlichen Schwankung, die auch im Pandemiejahr 2020, im Gegensatz zu anderen europäischen Ländern, unverändert geblieben ist. Die Entwicklung der postmortalen Lebertransplantation sowie der Leberlebendspenden ist in Deutschland, gemäß den Zahlen der DSO, auch im Jahr 2020 stabil geblieben.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Anzahl leberchirurgischer Eingriffe in Deutschland unterlag bis 2020 einer dynamischen Entwicklung, die auch im 1. Pandemiejahr 2020 keine deutliche Veränderung gezeigt hat. Die häufigsten an der Leber durchgeführten Operationen sowie die Lebertransplantation entwickelten sich auch zu Beginn der Pandemie quantitativ weitgehend stabil. Die Veröffentlichung von Daten zu den entsprechenden Prozedurenschlüsseln für das Jahr 2021 bleibt abzuwarten, um die weitere Entwicklung der Leberchirurgie und -transplantation in Deutschland während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie beurteilen zu können.

Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Inzidenz und Therapie von Krebserkrankungen

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat weltweit gravierende Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheitsversorgung. Vorerkrankte Personen, insbesondere Krebspatient*innen, stellen dabei eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe dar. Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte und hat sowohl national als auch international erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Diagnostik und Therapie bei Krebspatient*innen. Bereits zu Beginn der Pandemie wurde über gravierende Einschränkungen bei der Abklärung von Krebserkrankungen sowie den Früherkennungsuntersuchungen berichtet. Es zeigten sich Verzögerungen bei der Krebsdiagnostik sowie ein erheblicher Rückgang der Zahl der diagnostizierten Krebsfälle. Patient*innen vermieden aus Sorge vor einer Ansteckung, medizinische Versorgung in Anspruch zu nehmen. Diese Faktoren können zu einer erhöhten Rate von Diagnosestellungen in fortgeschrittenen Tumorstadien führen. Eingeschränkte Versorgungskapazitäten haben Verzögerungen von Krebstherapien zur Folge. Therapiemodifikationen können den Verlauf und das Überleben von Patient*innen mit Tumorerkrankungen beeinflussen.

[Surgery for Thoracic Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Case-control Study Investigating the Risk for Postoperative Complications]

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a major disturbance in the health care system. Many elective operations were postponed, including surgical oncology cases. Besides the need to contain hospital resources, this was also due to concerns about the safety to perform surgery during the pandemic and the impact of perioperative infections on postoperative outcomes. In this study we investigate the safety of surgery for thoracic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We retrospectively analysed the outcome of surgery for thoracic malignancies during the first, second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (from 01.01. to 30.04.2020 and from 01.01. to 30.04.2021). As a control group we included the patients who received thoracic oncology surgeries during the same period in the last 2 years before the onset of the pandemic. The primary outcome was the rate of postoperative complications.

RESULTS

236 operations were included in the pandemic group and 227 operations in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of postoperative minor complications (16.1% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.5395) or major complications (12.2% vs. 10.13 %, p = 0.5563). The risk to develop postoperative pulmonary complications was not higher in the pandemic group (odds ratio 1.193, 95% CI 0.6515-2.203, p = 0.8232). There were 5 cases with COVID-19 infection after the operation in the pandemic group. There was no difference in the rate of postoperative mortalities (2 (0.85%) vs. 1 (0.44%), p > 0.9999) There was no COVID-19 related mortality.

CONCLUSION

Maintaining oncologic thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is safe, feasible and not associated with increased risks of postoperative complications or mortalities.