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Dorranipour D, Pourjafari F, Malekpour-Afshar R, Basiri M, Hosseini M. Astrocyte response to melatonin treatment in rats under high-carbohydrate high-fat diet. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102389. [PMID: 38215799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The involvement of consumption of high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet in cognitive impairment is attributed, at least in part, to the activation of astrocytes, which contributes to the development of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and subsequent cognitive deficits. This study aimed to assess the influence of melatonin on cognitive impairment and astrogliosis induced by the HCHF diet in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed an HCHF diet for eight weeks to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome. Subsequently, they received oral melatonin treatment for four weeks at doses of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg, alongside the HCHF diet. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Y-maze test, while the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and the number glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells were assessed in the hippocampi and hypothalamus. The consumption of the HCHF diet resulted in weight gain, hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress damage, and astrogliosis in rats. Although melatonin treatment did not demonstrate beneficial effects on blood glucose and lipid metabolism, it improved the impaired working memory caused by the HCHF diet. Melatonin exhibited a dose-dependent reduction of astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, and lipid peroxidation while restored superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of HCHF diet-treated rats. These findings provide evidence that melatonin inhibits astrocyte activation, thereby attenuating inflammation and minimizing oxidative stress damage induced by the HCHF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Dorranipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Pourjafari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Malekpour-Afshar
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Moon C, Hoth KF, Perkhounkova Y, Zhang M, Lee J, Hein M, Hopkins L, Magnotta V, Burgess HJ. Circadian timing, melatonin and hippocampal volume in later-life adults. J Sleep Res 2023:e14090. [PMID: 37940373 PMCID: PMC11076415 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal atrophy is a prominent neurodegenerative feature of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Alterations in circadian rhythms can exacerbate cognitive aging and neurodegeneration. This study aimed to examine how dim light melatonin onset and melatonin levels are associated with hippocampal volume in cognitively healthy individuals. We studied data from 52 later-life adults (mean age ± SD = 70.0 ± 6.3 years). T1-weighted anatomical images from 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging data were collected and processed using the BRAINSTools toolbox. Dim light melatonin onset was used to assess circadian timing. The area under the curve was calculated to quantify melatonin concentration levels 6 hr before bedtime, and 14-day wrist actigraphy data were used to assess habitual bedtime. Multiple linear regression modelling with hippocampal volume as the dependent variable was used to analyse the data adjusting for age and sex. The average dim light melatonin onset was 19:45 hours (SD = 84 min), and area under the curve of melatonin levels 6 hr before habitual bedtime was 38.4 pg ml-1 × hr (SD = 29.3). We found that later dim light melatonin onset time (b = 0.16, p = 0.005) and greater area under the curve of melatonin levels 6 hr before habitual bedtime (b = 0.05, p = 0.046) were associated with greater adjusted hippocampal volume. The time between dim light melatonin onset and the midpoint of sleep timing was not associated with hippocampal volume. The findings suggest that earlier circadian timing (dim light melatonin onset) and reduced melatonin may be associated with reduced hippocampal volume in older adults. Future research will help researchers utilize circadian rhythm information to delay brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chooza Moon
- University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Karin F Hoth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Meina Zhang
- University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Jihye Lee
- University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Maria Hein
- University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Lauren Hopkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vincent Magnotta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Labunets I, Rodnichenko A, Savosko S, Pivneva T. Reaction of different cell types of the brain on neurotoxin cuprizone and hormone melatonin treatment in young and aging mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1131130. [PMID: 37153635 PMCID: PMC10157497 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1131130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The brain myelin and neurons destruction in multiple sclerosis may be associated with the production of neuroinflammatory cells (macrophages, astrocytes, T-lymphocytes) of pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. The age-associated changes of the above cells can influence on the response of nervous system cells to toxic damaging and regulatory factors of humoral/endocrine nature, in particular pineal hormone melatonin. The study aim was (1) to evaluate changes of the brain macrophages, astrocytes, T-cells, neural stem cells, neurons, and central nervous system (CNS) functioning in the neurotoxin cuprizone-treated mice of different age; and (2) to assess in such mice the effects of exogenous melatonin and possible courses of its action. Methods A toxic demyelination and neurodegeneration model was induced in 129/Sv mice aged 3-5 and 13-15 months by adding cuprizone neurotoxin to their food for 3 weeks. From the 8th day of the cuprizone treatment, melatonin was injected intraperitoneally at 6 p.m. daily, at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The brain GFPA + -cells were evaluated by immunohistochemical method, the proportion of CD11b+, CD3+CD11b+, CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, Nestin+-cells was determined via flow cytometry. Macrophage activity was evaluated by their ability to phagocytose latex beads Morphometric analysis of the brain neurons and the behavioral reactions ("open field" and rotarod tests) were performed. To assess the involvement of the bone marrow and thymus in the action of melatonin, the amount of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC), and blood monocytes and thymic hormone thymulin were evaluated. Results and discussion The numbers of the GFAP+-, CD3+-, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD11b+, CD3+CD11b+, Nestin+-cells and macrophages phagocytic latex beads and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased in the brain of young and aging mice under cuprizone influence. The proportion of undamaged neurons within the brain, motor, affective, and exploratory activities, and muscle tone decreased in mice of both ages. Introducing melatonin to mice of any age reduced the number of GFAP+-, CD3+- cells and their subpopulations, macrophage activation, and MDA content. At the same time, the percentage of brain neurons that were unchanged increased as the number of Nestin+ cells decreased. The behavioral responses were also improved. Besides, the number of bone marrow GM-CFC and the blood level of monocytes and thymulin increased. The effects of both neurotoxin and melatonin on the brain astrocytes, macrophages T-cells, and immune system organs as well as the structure and functioning of neurons were more pronounced in the young mice. Conclusion We have observed the involvement of the astrocytes, macrophages, T-cells, neural stem cells, and neurons in the brain reaction of mice different age after administration of neurotoxin cuprizone and melatonin. The brain cell composition reaction has the age features. The neuroprotective effects of melatonin in cuprizone-treated mice have been realized through an improvement of the brain cell composition and oxidative stress factors and functioning of bone marrow and thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Labunets
- Cell and Tissue Technologies Department, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Scientific Center “M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology”, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology, D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Irina Labunets,
| | - Anzhela Rodnichenko
- Cell and Tissue Technologies Department, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Scientific Center “M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology”, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Savosko
- Cell and Tissue Technologies Department, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Scientific Center “M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology”, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Pivneva
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Yan S, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhou D, Liu L. The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1013027. [PMID: 36570843 PMCID: PMC9772621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1013027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes, the abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in maintaining the immune response after cerebral infarction, regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), providing nutrients to the neurons, and reuptake of glutamate. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that controls and optimizes biological processes. The central circadian clock and the peripheral clock are consistent, controlled by various circadian components, and participate in the pathophysiological process of astrocytes. Existing evidence shows that circadian rhythm controls the regulation of inflammatory responses by astrocytes in ischemic stroke (IS), regulates the repair of the BBB, and plays an essential role in a series of pathological processes such as neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. In this review, we highlight the importance of astrocytes in IS and discuss the potential role of the circadian clock in influencing astrocyte pathophysiology. A comprehensive understanding of the ability of the circadian clock to regulate astrocytes after stroke will improve our ability to predict the targets and biological functions of the circadian clock and gain insight into the basis of its intervention mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fukang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Desheng Zhou,
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Lijuan Liu,
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Kvetnoy I, Ivanov D, Mironova E, Evsyukova I, Nasyrov R, Kvetnaia T, Polyakova V. Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031835. [PMID: 35163757 PMCID: PMC8836571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been recently drawn to studying melatonin – a hormone whose synthesis was first found in the epiphysis (pineal gland). This interest can be due to discovering the role of melatonin in numerous physiological processes. It was the discovery of melatonin synthesis in endocrine organs (pineal gland), neural structures (Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, retinal photoreceptors), and immunocompetent cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells) that triggered the evolution of new approaches to the unifield signal regulation of homeostasis, which, at the turn of the 21st century, lead to the creation of a new integral biomedical discipline — neuroimmunoendocrinology. While numerous hormones have been verified over the last decade outside the “classical” locations of their formation, melatonin occupies an exclusive position with regard to the diversity of locations where it is synthesized and secreted. This review provides an overview and discussion of the major data regarding the role of melatonin in various physiological and pathological processes, which affords grounds for considering melatonin as the “cornerstone” on which neuroimmunoendocrinology has been built as an integral concept of homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kvetnoy
- Center of Molecular Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Ivanov
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (R.N.); (V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- Center of Molecular Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Inna Evsyukova
- Department of Perinatal Pathology, Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ruslan Nasyrov
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (R.N.); (V.P.)
| | - Tatiana Kvetnaia
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Victoria Polyakova
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (R.N.); (V.P.)
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