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Li J, Kot WY, McGrath CP, Chan BWA, Ho JWK, Zheng LW. Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence assisted clinical imaging in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:5034-5046. [PMID: 38652301 PMCID: PMC11325952 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to examine the application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in detecting oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cancerous lesions, and to evaluate the accuracy variations among different imaging tools employed in these diagnostic processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in four databases: Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria included studies using machine learning algorithms to provide diagnostic information on specific oral lesions, prospective or retrospective design, and inclusion of OPMD. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were also required. Forest plots were generated to display overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive values, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine potential differences among different imaging tools. RESULTS The overall DOR for AI-based screening of OPMD and oral mucosal cancerous lesions from normal mucosa was 68.438 (95% CI= [39.484-118.623], I2 =86%). The area under the SROC curve was 0.938, indicating excellent diagnostic performance. AI-assisted screening showed a sensitivity of 89.9% (95% CI= [0.866-0.925]; I2 =81%), specificity of 89.2% (95% CI= [0.851-0.922], I2 =79%), and a high negative predictive value of 89.5% (95% CI= [0.851-0.927], I2 =96%). Meta-regression analysis revealed no significant difference among the three image tools. After generating a GOSH plot, the DOR was calculated to be 49.30, and the area under the SROC curve was 0.877. Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were 90.5% (95% CI [0.873-0.929], I2 =4%), 87.0% (95% CI [0.813-0.912], I2 =49%) and 90.1% (95% CI [0.860-0.931], I2 =57%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that clinical photography had the highest diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS AI-based detection using clinical photography shows a high DOR and is easily accessible in the current era with billions of phone subscribers globally. This indicates that there is significant potential for AI to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of general practitioners to the level of specialists by utilizing clinical photographs, without the need for expensive specialized imaging equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingWen Li
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Wai Ying Kot
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Colman Patrick McGrath
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Bik Wan Amy Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Joshua Wing Kei Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wu Zheng
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
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Hurrell A, Webster L, Sparkes J, Battersby C, Brockbank A, Clark K, Duhig KE, Gill C, Green M, Hunter RM, Seed PT, Vowles Z, Myers J, Shennan AH, Chappell LC. Repeat placental growth factor-based testing in women with suspected preterm pre-eclampsia (PARROT-2): a multicentre, parallel-group, superiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2024; 403:619-631. [PMID: 38342128 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental growth factor (PlGF)-based testing has high diagnostic accuracy for predicting pre-eclampsia needing delivery, significantly reducing time to diagnosis and severe maternal adverse outcomes. The clinical benefit of repeat PlGF-based testing is unclear. We aimed to determine whether repeat PlGF-based testing (using a clinical management algorithm and nationally recommended thresholds) reduces adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant individuals with suspected preterm pre-eclampsia. METHODS In this multicentre, parallel-group, superiority, randomised controlled trial, done in 22 maternity units across England, Scotland, and Wales, we recruited women aged 18 years or older with suspected pre-eclampsia between 22 weeks and 0 days of gestation and 35 weeks and 6 days of gestation. Women were randomly assigned (1:1) to revealed repeat PlGF-based testing or concealed repeat testing with usual care. The intervention was not masked to women or partners, or clinicians or data collectors, due to the nature of the trial. The trial statistician was masked to intervention allocation. The primary outcome was a perinatal composite of stillbirth, early neonatal death, or neonatal unit admission. The primary analysis was by the intention-to-treat principle, with a per-protocol analysis restricted to women managed according to their allocation group. The trial was prospectively registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN 85912420. FINDINGS Between Dec 17, 2019, and Sept 30, 2022, 1253 pregnant women were recruited and randomly assigned treatment; one patient was excluded due to randomisation error. 625 women were allocated to revealed repeat PlGF-based testing and 627 women were allocated to usual care with concealed repeat PlGF-based testing (mean age 32·3 [SD 5·7] years; 879 [70%] white). One woman in the concealed repeat PlGF-based testing group was lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference in the primary perinatal composite outcome between the revealed repeat PlGF-based testing group (195 [31·2%]) of 625 women) compared with the concealed repeat PlGF-based testing group (174 [27·8%] of 626 women; relative risk 1·21 [95% CI 0·95-1·33]; p=0·18). The results from the per-protocol analysis were similar. There were four serious adverse events in the revealed repeat PlGF-based testing group and six in the concealed repeat PlGF-based testing group; all serious adverse events were deemed unrelated to the intervention by the site principal investigators and chief investigator. INTERPRETATION Repeat PlGF-based testing in pregnant women with suspected pre-eclampsia was not associated with improved perinatal outcomes. In a high-income setting with a low prevalence of adverse outcomes, universal, routine repeat PlGF-based testing of all individuals with suspected pre-eclampsia is not recommended. FUNDING Tommy's Charity, Jon Moulton Charitable Trust, and National Institute for Health and Care Research Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hurrell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Webster
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenie Sparkes
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Battersby
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Brockbank
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Clark
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate E Duhig
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Carolyn Gill
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rachael M Hunter
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul T Seed
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe Vowles
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Myers
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew H Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy C Chappell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Thadhani R, Cerdeira AS, Karumanchi SA. Translation of mechanistic advances in preeclampsia to the clinic: Long and winding road. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23441. [PMID: 38300220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301808r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of premature birth and maternal and infant mortality worldwide, preeclampsia remains a major unmet public health challenge. Preeclampsia and related hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are estimated to cause >75 000 maternal and 500 000 infant deaths globally each year. Because of rising rates of risk factors such as obesity, in vitro fertilization and advanced maternal age, the incidence of preeclampsia is going up with rates ranging from 5% to 10% of all pregnancies worldwide. A major discovery in the field was the realization that the clinical phenotypes related to preeclampsia, such as hypertension, proteinuria, and other adverse maternal/fetal events, are due to excess circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1, also referred to as sVEGFR-1). sFlt-1 is an endogenous anti-angiogenic protein that is made by the placenta and acts by neutralizing the pro-angiogenic proteins vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF). During the last decade, this work has spawned a new era of molecular diagnostics for early detection of this condition. Antagonizing sFlt-1 either by reducing production or blocking its actions has shown salutary effects in animal models. Further, in early-stage human studies, the therapeutic removal of sFlt-1 from maternal circulation has shown promise in delaying disease progression and improving outcomes. Recently, the FDA approved the first molecular test for preterm preeclampsia (sFlt-1/PlGF ratio) for clinical use in the United States. Measuring serum sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the acute hospital setting may aid short-term management, particularly regarding step-up or step-down of care, decision to transfer to settings better equipped to manage both the mother and the preterm neonate, appropriate timing of administration of steroids and magnesium sulfate, and in expectant management decisions. The test itself has the potential to save lives. Furthermore, the availability of a molecular test that correlates with adverse outcomes has set the stage for interventional clinical trials testing treatments for this disorder. In this review, we will discuss the role of circulating sFlt-1 and related factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and specifically how this discovery is leading to concrete advances in the care of women with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Thadhani
- Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ana Sofia Cerdeira
- Nuffield Department of Women's Health and Reproductive Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Fetal Maternal Medicine Unit, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Morey R, Poling L, Srinivasan S, Martinez-King C, Anyikam A, Zhang-Rutledge K, To C, Hakim A, Mochizuki M, Verma K, Mason A, Tran V, Meads M, Lamale-Smith L, Roeder H, Horii M, Ramos GA, DeHoff P, Parast MM, Pantham P, Laurent LC. Discovery and verification of extracellular microRNA biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic assessment of preeclampsia at triage. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7545. [PMID: 38117879 PMCID: PMC10732528 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on the identification of extracellular miRNA (ex-miRNA) biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of preeclampsia (PE). Small RNA sequencing of maternal serum prospectively collected from participants undergoing evaluation for suspected PE revealed distinct patterns of ex-miRNA expression among different categories of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Applying an iterative machine learning method identified three bivariate miRNA biomarkers (miR-522-3p/miR-4732-5p, miR-516a-5p/miR-144-3p, and miR-27b-3p/let-7b-5p) that, when applied serially, distinguished between PE cases of different severity and differentiated cases from controls with a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 79%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 55%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%. In a small independent validation cohort, these ex-miRNA biomarkers had a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 57%. Combining these ex-miRNA biomarkers with the established sFlt1:PlGF protein biomarker ratio performed better than either set of biomarkers alone (sensitivity of 89.4%, specificity of 91.3%, PPV of 95.5%, and NPV of 80.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Morey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lara Poling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Srimeenakshi Srinivasan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolina Martinez-King
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adanna Anyikam
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Zhang-Rutledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cuong To
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marina Mochizuki
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kajal Verma
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antoinette Mason
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vy Tran
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Meads
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leah Lamale-Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hilary Roeder
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gladys A. Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter DeHoff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mana M. Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Pantham
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kifle MM, Dahal P, Vatish M, Cerdeira AS, Ohuma EO. The prognostic utility of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PIGF) biomarkers for predicting preeclampsia: a secondary analysis of data from the INSPIRE trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:520. [PMID: 35761268 PMCID: PMC9238141 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the prognostic performance of biomarkers soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), Placental Growth Factor (PIGF), and sFlt-1/PIGF ratio as continuous values or as a binary cut-off of 38 for predicting preeclampsia (PE) within 7 days. Design Secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Setting Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK). Population Pregnant women between 24+0 to 37+0 weeks of gestation with a clinical suspicion of preeclampsia. Main outcome Onset of preeclampsia within 7 days of the initial biomarker test. Methods Logistic regression model for onset of preeclampsia using: (i) sFlt-1 (ii) PIGF, (iii) sFlt-1/PIGF ratio (continuous), and (iv) sFlt-1/PIGF ratio as a cut-off above or below 38. Results Of the total 370 women, 42 (11.3%) developed PE within 7 days of screening. Models with sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PIGF ratio (continuous) had greater overall performance than models with PIGF or with sFlt-1/PIGF ratio as a cut-off at 38 (R2: sFlt-1 = 55%, PIGF = 38%, sFlt-1/PIGF ratio = 57%, sFlt-1/PIGF ratio as cut-off at 38 model = 46%). The discrimination performance was the highest in sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PIGF ratio (continuous) (c-statistic, sFlt-1 = 0.94, sFlt-1/PIGF ratio (continuous) = 0.94) models compared to PIGF or sFlt-1/PIGF cut-off models (c-statistic, PIGF = 0.87, sFlt-1/PIGF cut-off = 0.89). Conclusion Models using continuous values of sFlt-1 only or sFlt-1/PIGF ratio had better predictive performance compared to a PIGF only or the model with sFlt-1/PIGF ratio as a cut-off at 38. Further studies based on a larger sample size are warranted to substantiate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meron M Kifle
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prabin Dahal
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Sofia Cerdeira
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric O Ohuma
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Ferraro S, Biganzoli EM, Castaldi S, Plebani M. Health Technology Assessment to assess value of biomarkers in the decision-making process. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:647-654. [PMID: 35245972 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on screening, surveillance, and treatment of several diseases recommend the selective use of biomarkers with central role in clinical decision-making and move towards including patients in this process. To this aim we will clarify the multidisciplinary interactions required to properly measure the cost-effectiveness of biomarkers with regard to the risk-benefit of the patients and how Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach may assess value of biomarkers integrated within the decision-making process. HTA through the interaction of different skills provides high-quality research information on the effectiveness, costs, and impact of health technologies, including biomarkers. The biostatistical methodology is relevant to HTA but only meta-analysis is covered in depth, whereas proper approaches are needed to estimate the benefit-risk balance ratio. Several biomarkers underwent HTA evaluation and the final reports have pragmatically addressed: 1) a redesign of the screening based on biomarker; 2) a de-implementation/replacement of the test in clinical practice; 3) a selection of biomarkers with potential predictive ability and prognostic value; and 4) a stronger monitoring of the appropriateness of test request. The COVID-19 pandemic has disclosed the need to create a robust and sustainable system to urgently deal with global health concerns and the HTA methodology enables rapid cost-effective implementation of diagnostic tests allowing healthcare providers to make critical patient-management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferraro
- Endocrinology Laboratory Unit, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elia Mario Biganzoli
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Castaldi
- Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Research Institute of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Higgins V, Ma L, Ragosnig BL, Melamed N, Hladunewich M, James T, Leite J, Rozmanc M, Barrett J, Zaltz A, Yip PM, Fu L. Analytical Performance and Quality Indicators of Fully Automated Immunoassays for sFlt-1 and PlGF. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:555-567. [PMID: 35233636 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of the antiangiogenic factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), to the proangiogenic factor, placental growth factor (PlGF), is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. Here, we describe an analytical evaluation of the Elecsys sFlt-1 and PlGF assays at the first North American site in which they were clinically implemented. METHODS The analytical evaluation included short- and long-term imprecision, method comparison, accuracy, linearity, sample stability, limit of quantification verification, and measurement uncertainty. Quality indicators were also evaluated, including turnaround time and repeat test frequency. RESULTS Short-term (13-day) and long-term (12-month) imprecision for sFlt-1 and PlGF were <4% CV. Method comparison (n = 40) between Roche cobas e602 and e411 exhibited r > 0.99 and bias <10%. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio rule-out cutoffs (≤33 and ≤38) and rule-in cutoffs (>38, >85, and >110) exhibited negative percent agreement and positive percent agreement of 100%, respectively (n = 40). During the first 12 months, 257 orders were placed, repeat test frequency was 17.5%, mean time between repeat orders was 23 days, and 72.0% of results were reported within 2 h from sample receipt when quality control was run continuously. CONCLUSIONS We describe analytical performance parameters and quality indicators of the Elecsys sFlt-1 and PlGF assays, which was the first North American clinical laboratory site to implement these assays in support of the institution's high-risk obstetrical unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Higgins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liyan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bonny Lem Ragosnig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nir Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim James
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Joao Leite
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Rozmanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jon Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Zaltz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M Yip
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rowson S, Reddy M, De Guingand D, Langston-Cox A, Marshall S, da Silva Costa F, Palmer K. Comparison of circulating total sFLT-1 to placental-specific sFLT-1 e15a in women with suspected preeclampsia. Placenta 2022; 120:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abel L, Quaife M. A Pregnant Pause: Rethinking Economic Evaluation in Contraception and Pregnancy. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:32-35. [PMID: 35031097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy presents a unique challenge to economic evaluation, requiring methods that can account for both maternal and fetal outcomes. The ethical challenges to healthcare presented by pregnancy are well understood, but these have not yet been incorporated into cost-effectiveness approaches. Economic evaluations of pregnancy currently take an ad hoc approach to outcome valuation, opening the door to biased estimates and inconsistent resource allocation. We summarize the limitations of current economic evaluation methods and outline key areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Abel
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.
| | - Matthew Quaife
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
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10
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Poon LC, Magee LA, Verlohren S, Shennan A, von Dadelszen P, Sheiner E, Hadar E, Visser G, Da Silva Costa F, Kapur A, McAuliffe F, Nazareth A, Tahlak M, Kihara AB, Divakar H, McIntyre HD, Berghella V, Yang H, Romero R, Nicolaides KH, Melamed N, Hod M. A literature review and best practice advice for second and third trimester risk stratification, monitoring, and management of pre-eclampsia: Compiled by the Pregnancy and Non-Communicable Diseases Committee of FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics). Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 154 Suppl 1:3-31. [PMID: 34327714 PMCID: PMC9290930 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liona C Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laura A Magee
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology B, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Eran Hadar
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gerard Visser
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabricio Da Silva Costa
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anil Kapur
- World Diabetes Foundation, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Fionnuala McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amala Nazareth
- Jumeira Prime Healthcare Group, Emirates Medical Association, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Tahlak
- Latifa Hospital for Women and Children, Dubai Health Authority, Emirates Medical Association, Mohammed Bin Rashid University for Medica Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anne B Kihara
- African Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - H David McIntyre
- University of Queensland Mater Clinical School, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Nir Melamed
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Moshe Hod
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Poimenidi E, Metodiev Y, Archer NN, Jackson R, Bangash MN, Howells PA. Haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets: Diagnosis and management in critical care. J Intensive Care Soc 2021; 23:372-378. [DOI: 10.1177/17511437211025410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A thirty-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to hospital with headache and gastrointestinal discomfort. She developed peripheral oedema and had an emergency caesarean section following an episode of tonic-clonic seizures. Her delivery was further complicated by postpartum haemorrhage and she was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for further resuscitation and seizure control which required infusions of magnesium and multiple anticonvulsants. Despite haemodynamic optimisation she developed an acute kidney injury with evidence of liver damage, thrombocytopenia and haemolysis. Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome, a multisystem disease of advanced pregnancy which overlaps with pre-eclampsia, was diagnosed. HELLP syndrome is associated with a range of complications which may require critical care support, including placental abruption and foetal loss, acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute liver failure and liver capsule rupture. Definitive treatment of HELLP is delivery of the fetus and in its most severe forms requires admission to the ICU for multiorgan support. Therapeutic strategies in ICU are mainly supportive and include blood pressure control, meticulous fluid balance and possibly escalation to renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation, neuroprotection, seizure control, and management of liver failure-related complications. Multidisciplinary input is essential for optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Poimenidi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Yavor Metodiev
- Department of Anaesthesia, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Natasha Nicole Archer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Jackson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Mansoor Nawaz Bangash
- Birmingham acute care research group, Institute of inflammation and ageing, University of Birmingham
| | - Phillip Alexander Howells
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Hayes-Ryan D, O'Donoghue K, McCarthy C, Totorika A, Meaney S. A comparative study of two immunoassays of maternal placental growth factor. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2021; 81:167-172. [PMID: 33821745 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1908589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating maternal levels of placental growth factor correlates well with placental function and numerous studies advocate its role to help rule-out preterm pre-eclampsia. A number of automated immunoassay platforms to quantify placental growth factors are currently available. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of developing and validating appropriate reference ranges and clinical cut-offs for immunoassays, by comparing the results obtained from two different immunoassays of placental growth factor; the Quantikine® ELISA and the automated Triage® test. This was a secondary subgroup analysis of samples collected as part of a prospective cross-sectional study of placental growth factors in twin pregnancy. Consenting pregnant women with a twin pregnancy, across a variety of gestations, had a single blood sample taken at a one-time point only during their pregnancy. The plasma was initially biobanked and then later analysed in batches using both immunoassays. Although the placental growth factor values of the two immunoassays correlated well (r = 0.88, n = 178, p < .001), the actual results obtained were significantly different (mean difference 238.1 pg/ml). Poor concordance between the two immunoassays was also present, with the Triage® test recording 36 cases as <100 pg/ml whereas the Quantikine® ELISA identified only 4 as <100 pg/ml. Biomarker levels may vary significantly between different immunoassay platforms, highlighting the importance of developing validated clinical cut-offs for any automated immunoassay before its clinical application. These differences need to be understood to facilitate clinical utility given that placental growth factor testing is likely to be introduced into widespread clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Hayes-Ryan
- The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, (INFANT), Cork, Ireland.,Cork University Maternity Hospital (CUMH), Ireland
| | - Keelin O'Donoghue
- The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, (INFANT), Cork, Ireland.,Cork University Maternity Hospital (CUMH), Ireland
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, (INFANT), Cork, Ireland.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ainhoa Totorika
- The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, (INFANT), Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Meaney
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Hurrell A, Duhig K, Vandermolen B, Shennan AH. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia. Fac Rev 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33659942 PMCID: PMC7886065 DOI: 10.12703/b/9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is an elusive condition to diagnose and a complex disease to manage. There have been recent developments in prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and management. Risk modelling has been used to identify women at highest risk of developing pre-eclampsia as well as predicting maternal adverse outcomes in confirmed disease. New evidence has shown that aspirin prophylaxis significantly reduces early onset pre-eclampsia as well as preterm birth. The criteria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia are evolving, and proteinuria is no longer a pre-requisite to make a diagnosis. Angiogenic biomarker testing accelerates diagnosis as well as minimises adverse maternal outcomes and has been incorporated into national guidelines. Emerging evidence demonstrates that expedited delivery in late preterm pre-eclampsia may be protective against maternal adverse outcomes but increase the risk of neonatal unit admission. Both women and their offspring are at increased risk of long-term health complications following pre-eclampsia, and it is important that postnatal health is optimised. This article summarises recent developments in the field of pre-eclampsia research, evaluating the impact on clinical care for women at risk of, or with suspected or confirmed, pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hurrell
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kate Duhig
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Brooke Vandermolen
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew H Shennan
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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14
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Maternal Serum Inhibin-A Augments the Value of Maternal Serum PlGF and of sFlt-1/PlGF Ratio in the Prediction of Preeclampsia and/or FGR Near Delivery—A Secondary Analysis. REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reprodmed2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We previously provided evidence to confirm that maternal serum levels of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and their ratio are useful tools to direct the management of preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and PE+FGR near delivery. In this secondary analysis, we further examine the potential additive value of maternal serum Inhibin-A, which is a hormone marker of the transforming growth factor family, to the accuracy provided by maternal serum PlGF and sFlt-1. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis where we extracted the data of a cohort of 125 pregnant women enrolled near delivery at the clinics of the University Medical Center of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The dataset included 31 cases of PE, 16 of FGR, 42 of PE+FGR, 15 preterm delivery (PTD), and 21 unaffected controls with delivery of a healthy baby at term. Cases delivered before 34 weeks’ gestation included 10 of PE, 12 of FGR, 28 of PE+FGR, and 6 of PTD. In addition to the recorded demographic characteristics and medical history and the maternal serum levels of PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, which were previously published, we evaluated the added value of maternal serum Inhibin-A. The predictive accuracy of each biomarker, their ratios, and combinations were estimated from areas under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, Box and Whisker plots, and by multiple regression. We estimated accuracy by the continuous marker model and a cutoff model. Results: In this study, we combined Inhibin-A with PlGF or with the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and showed a 10–20% increase in AUCs and 15–45% increase in the detection rate, at 10% false positive rate, of PE, and a lower, but significant, increase for PE+FGR and FGR in all cases but not for FGR in early cases delivered < 34 weeks. The use of a cutoff model was adequate, although a bit higher accuracy was obtained from the continuous model. The highest correlation was found for PlGF with all three complications. Conclusion: In this secondary analysis, we have found that maternal serum Inhibin-A improves the accuracy of predicting PE and PE+FGR provided by maternal serum angiogenic markers alone, bringing the results to a diagnostic level; thus, it could be considered for directing clinical management. Inhibin-A had smaller or no added value for the accuracy of predicting FGR alone, mainly of early cases delivered <34 weeks.
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15
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Preeclampsia Among African American Pregnant Women: An Update on Prevalence, Complications, Etiology, and Biomarkers. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2020; 75:111-120. [PMID: 32105335 DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Preeclampsia is a devastating disease of pregnancy associated with increased risk of fetal and maternal complications. African American pregnant women have a high prevalence of preeclampsia, but there is a need of systemic analyses of this high-risk group regarding complications, etiology, and biomarkers. Objective The aim of this study was to provide a synopsis of current research of preeclampsia specifically related to African American women. Evidence Acquisition A comprehensive search was performed in the bibliographic database PubMed with keywords "preeclampsia" and "African American." Results African American women with preeclampsia were at an increased risk of preterm birth, which resulted in low-birth-weight infants. Intrauterine fetal death among African American preeclamptic patients occurs at twice the rate as in other races. On the maternal side, African American mothers with preeclampsia have more severe hypertension, antepartum hemorrhage, and increased mortality. Those who survive preeclampsia have a high risk of postpartum cardiometabolic disease. Preexisting conditions (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus) and genetic mutations (eg, sickle cell disease in the mother, FVL or APOL1 mutations in the fetus) may contribute to the higher prevalence and worse outcomes in African American women. Many blood factors, for example, the ratio of proteins sFlt/PlGF, hormones, and inflammatory factors, have been studied as potential biomarkers for preeclampsia, but their specificity needs further investigation. Conclusions Further studies of preeclampsia among African American women addressing underlying risk factors and etiologies, coupled with identification of preeclampsia-specific biomarkers allowing early detection and intervention, will significantly improve the clinical management of this devastating disease.
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16
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Hurrell A, Beardmore-Gray A, Duhig K, Webster L, Chappell LC, Shennan AH. Placental growth factor in suspected preterm pre-eclampsia: a review of the evidence and practicalities of implementation. BJOG 2020; 127:1590-1597. [PMID: 32701207 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the pathophysiology and prevention of pre-eclampsia remain elusive, diagnosis is challenging, and pre-eclampsia remains associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Angiogenic biomarkers, including placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), have been identified as valuable biomarkers for preterm pre-eclampsia, accelerating diagnosis and reducing maternal adverse outcomes by risk stratification, with enhanced surveillance for high-risk women. PlGF-based testing is increasingly being implemented in clinical practice in several countries. This review provides healthcare providers with an understanding of the evidence for PlGF-based testing and describes the practicalities and challenges to implementation. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Placental growth factor in pre-eclampsia: evidence and implementation of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hurrell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Beardmore-Gray
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Duhig
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Webster
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L C Chappell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A H Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Hernández-Pacheco JA, Rosales-Zamudio CI, Borboa-Olivares H, Espejel-Núñez A, Parra-Hernández S, Estrada-Gutiérrez G, Camargo-Marín L, Medina-Bastidas D, Guzmán-Huerta M. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as a triage tool to identify superimposed preeclampsia in women with chronic hypertension in emergency rooms. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 21:38-42. [PMID: 32388017 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess the usefulness of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for the differential diagnosis of uncontrolled chronic hypertension vs. superimposed preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2017 and 42 women with initial diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia were enrolled in the emergency room. After a 12 week follow up patients were grouped as superimposed preeclampsia (Group A) and uncontrolled chronic hypertension (Group B) according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist criteria. A group of 33 healthy women paired by gestational age were included as controls (Group C). Maternal serum levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured at enrollment, and the ratios of the groups were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Superimposed preeclampsia vs. uncontrolled chronic hypertension. RESULTS After follow-up, group distribution was 30 women in Group A, 12 women in Group B, and 25 women in Group C. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was higher in women with superimposed preeclampsia than in women with uncontrolled chronic hypertension (215.5 vs. 9.65, p < 0.001). The control group displayed lower ratio values (3.66, p < 0.001). The sFlt-1 concentration was higher in Group A than in Group B (7564 vs. 1281 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and the PlGF level was lower in Group A (34.39 vs. 169 pg/mL, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio exhibits good performance for the differential diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia vs. uncontrolled chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Hernández-Pacheco
- Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Adultos, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Ivet Rosales-Zamudio
- Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Adultos, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Borboa-Olivares
- Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora Espejel-Núñez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Parra-Hernández
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lisbeth Camargo-Marín
- Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Medina-Bastidas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes-Facultad de Química, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Guzmán-Huerta
- Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico.
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18
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19
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Hendrix MLE, Palm KCM, Van Kuijk SMJ, Bekers O, Spaanderman MEA, Bons JAP, Al-Nasiry S. Longitudinal changes in placental biomarkers in women with early versus late placental dysfunction. Hypertens Pregnancy 2019; 38:268-277. [PMID: 31559879 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2019.1668948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate longitudinal changes of angiogenic biomarkers in early- (EO-PD) versus late-onset (LO-PD) placental dysfunction. Methods: Serum PlGF and sFlt-1 measured at different intervals in EO-PD (n= 43), LO-PD (n= 31) and controls (n = 133). Results: sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was higher at 16 weeks (30.6 vs 17.5), 20 weeks (29.3 vs 8.9) and 30 weeks (16.6 vs 6.7) in EO-PD vs controls (all p< 0.05), but not in LO-PD. Longitudinal changes for all intervals had higher AUC than single measurements. Conclusion: Longitudinal biomarker change between 12 and 30 weeks could improve prediction of EO-PD compared to single measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk L E Hendrix
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten C M Palm
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Sander M J Van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Maastricht University Medical Centre(MUMC+) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Otto Bekers
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Marc E A Spaanderman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Judith A P Bons
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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20
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Duhig KE, Seed PT, Myers JE, Bahl R, Bambridge G, Barnfield S, Ficquet J, Girling JC, Khalil A, Shennan AH, Chappell LC, Hunter RM. Placental growth factor testing for suspected pre-eclampsia: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BJOG 2019; 126:1390-1398. [PMID: 31240854 PMCID: PMC6771855 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To calculate the cost‐effectiveness of implementing PlGF testing alongside a clinical management algorithm in maternity services in the UK, compared with current standard care. Design Cost‐effectiveness analysis. Setting Eleven maternity units participating in the PARROT stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomised controlled trial. Population Women presenting with suspected pre‐eclampsia between 20+0 and 36+6 weeks’ gestation. Methods Monte Carlo simulation utilising resource use data and maternal adverse outcomes. Main outcome measures Cost per maternal adverse outcome prevented. Results Clinical care with PlGF testing costs less than current standard practice and resulted in fewer maternal adverse outcomes. There is a total cost‐saving of UK£149 per patient tested, when including the cost of the test. This represents a potential cost‐saving of UK£2,891,196 each year across the NHS in England. Conclusions Clinical care with PlGF testing is associated with the potential for cost‐savings per participant tested when compared with current practice via a reduction in outpatient attendances, and improves maternal outcomes. This economic analysis supports a role for implementation of PlGF testing in antenatal services for the assessment of women with suspected pre‐eclampsia. Tweetable abstract Placental growth factor testing for suspected pre‐eclampsia is cost‐saving and improves maternal outcomes. Placental growth factor testing for suspected pre‐eclampsia is cost‐saving and improves maternal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Duhig
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P T Seed
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J E Myers
- The Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Bahl
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - G Bambridge
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | | | - J Ficquet
- Royal United Hospitals Bath, Bath, UK
| | - J C Girling
- West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's Hospital, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - A H Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L C Chappell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R M Hunter
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Schlembach D, Hund M, Wolf C, Vatish M. Diagnostic utility of angiogenic biomarkers in pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia: A health economics review. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 17:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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22
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Guo HX, Zhu YB, Wu CP, Zhong M, Hu SW. Potential urine biomarkers for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2463-2470. [PMID: 30720087 PMCID: PMC6423646 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential proteomic technology was used to identify urine proteomic profile of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Urine samples were collected from 10 patients with gestational hypertension, 10 patients with mild preeclampsia, 10 patients with severe preeclampsia and 10 normal pregnancies and analyzed by 2‑D difference gel electrophoresis, then matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry was used to identify differential proteins. Subsequently, ELISA was used to verify the content variation of the identified proteins in 200 urine samples. In total, 30 differential proteins were identified. For prostaglandin‑H2 D‑isomerase (L‑PGDS), perlecan and other 15 proteins, the contents in patients with gestational hypertension were higher than that of normal pregnancies, but lower in mild and severe preeclampsia. By contrast, serum albumin and α‑1‑antitrypsin was lower in samples from patients with gestational hypertension and higher in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancies. ELISA verified that the urinary concentration of L‑PGDS and perlecan were significantly lower in patients with preeclampsia than in normal pregnancies (P<0.05). Urine proteomics is a useful tool to identify potential biomarkers to distinguish between different types of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. L‑PGDS and perlecan could potentially be used as markers to reflect the state of renal function, and may participate in the genesis and development of renal injury during preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ping Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Wang Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Pharmacological Effect of Quercetin in Hypertension and Its Potential Application in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: Review of In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7421489. [PMID: 30622610 PMCID: PMC6304490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7421489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since improving maternal and child health is a public health priority worldwide, the main aim of treatment of hypertension in pregnant women is to prevent complications during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum. In consequence, much attention is paid to the use of antihypertensive drugs that can be used safely during pregnancy. Several side effects of methyldopa, which is currently the most commonly used antihypertensive drug in pregnant women, mean that the search for an effective and safe alternative still continues. Flavonoid compounds present in medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits may be a promising source of new drugs. In this aspect, quercetin, a well-known flavonoid due to its antihypertensive action, may be considered a prototype for safe antihypertensive drugs. This review focuses on the selective activity of quercetin. Based on recent studies, a few problems were discussed, including (1) pathology of pregnancy-induced hypertension; (2) search for new pharmacological treatments of pregnancy-induced hypertension; (3) issues with the use of herbal extracts during pregnancy; (4) flavonoids as natural active chemical compounds; (5) quercetin: its action during pregnancy, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, clinical trials, and meta-analysis; (6) quercetin intake during pregnancy; (7) other natural compounds tested during pregnancy; (8) potential problems with the use of quercetin; (9) safety profile of quercetin. Various studies have shown a beneficial effect of quercetin on vascular endothelial function and its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity on cellular and tissue level. It is known that in animal models quercetin affects positively the development of embryo, fetus, and placenta. Because this flavonoid did not have teratogenic and abortive effect, it is generally recognized as safe. For this reason it should be appreciated and studied in the aspect of its potential use in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension among women in this risk group.
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Placental growth factor: A review of literature and future applications. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 14:260-264. [PMID: 29555222 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Washington K, Ghosh S, Reeves IV. A Review: Molecular Concepts and Common Pathways Involving Vitamin D in the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2018.83023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ukah UV, Hutcheon JA, Payne B, Haslam MD, Vatish M, Ansermino JM, Brown H, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P. Placental Growth Factor as a Prognostic Tool in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Hypertension 2017; 70:1228-1237. [PMID: 29084878 PMCID: PMC5680987 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The PlGF (placental growth factor) has been largely demonstrated to be associated with the diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs); however, it is unclear how useful it is for the prognosis of the condition. Our objective was to provide a summary of important findings of its prognostic ability by systematically reviewing studies that examined the ability of the PlGF, either independently or combined with other factors, to predict maternal and fetal complications resulting from the HDPs. We included studies published before January 30, 2017, reporting on the use of the PlGF as a prognostic test for women with confirmed HDPs or suspected preeclampsia. Of the 220 abstracts identified through MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), 17 studies were eligible for our review. Prognostic performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. PlGF showed moderate-to-high evidence (likelihood ratios of ≥5 or ≤0.2 or area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ≥0.70) for identifying women at the highest risk of preterm delivery or neonatal outcomes (10/12 studies) but showed no clinically useful performance for the prediction of adverse maternal outcomes. PlGF may aid in the management of women with HDPs to avert fetal complications. Future studies should determine an optimum threshold for the marker to guide delivery and should examine whether its use for predicting adverse maternal outcomes in women with HDPs can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Vivian Ukah
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.).
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
| | - Beth Payne
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
| | - Matthew D Haslam
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
| | - Manu Vatish
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
| | - J Mark Ansermino
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
| | - Helen Brown
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
| | - Laura A Magee
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (U.V.U., J.A.H.), Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics (B.P., J.M.A.), School of Population and Public Health (M.D.H.), and Woodward Library (H.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Healthy Starts Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (U.V.U., J.A.H., B.P., J.M.A.); Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.); and School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (L.A.M., P.v.D.)
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Majors CE, Smith CA, Natoli ME, Kundrod KA, Richards-Kortum R. Point-of-care diagnostics to improve maternal and neonatal health in low-resource settings. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3351-3387. [PMID: 28832061 PMCID: PMC5636680 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Each day, approximately 830 women and 7400 newborns die from complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Improving maternal and neonatal health will require bringing rapid diagnosis and treatment to the point of care in low-resource settings. However, to date there are few diagnostic tools available that can be used at the point of care to detect the leading causes of maternal and neonatal mortality in low-resource settings. Here we review both commercially available diagnostics and technologies that are currently in development to detect the leading causes of maternal and neonatal mortality, highlighting key gaps in development where innovative design could increase access to technology and enable rapid diagnosis at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Majors
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Attini R, Leone F, Montersino B, Fassio F, Minelli F, Colla L, Rossetti M, Rollino C, Alemanno MG, Barreca A, Todros T, Piccoli GB. Pregnancy, Proteinuria, Plant-Based Supplemented Diets and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Report on Three Cases and Critical Appraisal of the Literature. Nutrients 2017; 9:E770. [PMID: 28753930 PMCID: PMC5537884 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized in pregnant patients. Three characteristics are associated with a risk of preterm delivery or small for gestational age babies; kidney function reduction, hypertension, and proteinuria. In pregnancy, the anti-proteinuric agents (ACE-angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors or ARBS -angiotensin receptor blockers) have to be discontinued for their potential teratogenicity, and there is no validated approach to control proteinuria. Furthermore, proteinuria usually increases as an effect of therapeutic changes and pregnancy-induced hyperfiltration. Based on a favourable effect of low-protein diets on proteinuria and advanced CKD, our group developed a moderately protein-restricted vegan-vegetarian diet tsupplemented with ketoacids and aminoacids for pregnant patients. This report describes the results obtained in three pregnant patients with normal renal function, nephrotic or sub-nephrotic proteinuria, and biopsy proven diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a renal lesion in which hyperfiltration is considered of pivotal importance (case 1: GFR (glomerular filtration rate): 103 mL/min; proteinuria 2.1 g/day; albumin 3.2 g/dL; case 2: GFR 86 mL/min, proteinuria 3.03 g/day, albumin 3.4 g/dL; case 3: GFR 142 mL/min, proteinuria 6.3 g/day, albumin 3.23 g/dL). The moderately restricted diet allowed a stabilisation of proteinuria in two cases and a decrease in one. No significant changes in serum creatinine and serum albumin were observed. The three babies were born at term (38 weeks + 3 days, female, weight 3180 g-62th centile; 38 weeks + 2 days, female, weight 3300 g-75th centile; male, 38 weeks + 1 day; 2770 g-8th centile), thus reassuring us of the safety of the diet. In summary, based on these three cases studies and a review of the literature, we suggest that a moderately protein-restricted, supplemented, plant-based diet might contribute to controlling proteinuria in pregnant CKD women with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However further studies are warranted to confirm the potential value of such a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Attini
- Materno-Foetal Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Filomena Leone
- Materno-Foetal Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Montersino
- Materno-Foetal Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Fassio
- Materno-Foetal Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Fosca Minelli
- Materno-Foetal Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Loredana Colla
- SCDU Nephrology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Maura Rossetti
- SCDU Nephrology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Rollino
- SCDU Nephrology, Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Alemanno
- Materno-Foetal Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonella Barreca
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Tullia Todros
- Materno-Foetal Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
- Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Turin, Italy.
- Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, 72000 Le Mans, France.
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