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Preston J, Biglino G, Harbottle V, Dalrymple E, Stalford H, Beresford MW. Reporting involvement activities with children and young people in paediatric research: a framework analysis. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:61. [PMID: 37525218 PMCID: PMC10388467 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The active involvement of patients and the public in the design and delivery of health research has been increasingly encouraged, if not enforced. Knowledge of how this is realised in practice, especially where children and young people (CYP) are concerned, is limited, partly due to the low level of reporting of patient and public involvement (PPI) in general. The aim of this work was to assess how researchers funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) report the involvement of CYP in the design and conduct of child health research to better understand the opportunities offered to CYP, and the realities of involvement in practice. METHODS A participation matrix, analysis framework and accompanying tools were adapted from existing frameworks, including a child-rights informed framework, the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public Checklist Short Form (GRIPP2SF), and NIHR reporting expectations. Child-focused research reports were identified from the NIHR Journals Library, including any interventional or observational study involving CYP aged 0-< 24 years. In two co-design workshops with healthcare professionals and CYP, we tested and refined the participation matrix, analysis framework and accompanying tools. RESULTS Only thirty-two NIHR reports out of 169 (19%) were identified as relevant and included reporting of PPI with CYP. We identified significant variability in the way PPI with CYP was reported. Only 4/32 (12%) reports fully met NIHR (and GRIPP2SF) reporting criteria. Only 3/32 (9%) reports formally evaluated or self-reflected on PPI activities with CYP, whilst 15/32 (47%) provided minimal information about CYP involvement. The most common approach to involving CYP (23/32, 72%) was through the medium of existing groups or networks. CONCLUSION Despite the NIHR's commitment to increase the quality, transparency, and consistency of reporting PPI, the reporting of involvement with CYP remains sub-optimal. Neglecting to report key details of involvement methods and impacts deprives the research community of knowledge to advance the field of delivering 'meaningful' PPI with CYP. Practical guidance on how researchers can report the processes and outputs of CYP involvement more rigorously may help child health researchers to involve them more meaningfully. This research offers practical tools informed by CYP to aid the reporting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Preston
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Victoria Harbottle
- Population Health Sciences Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Rehabilitation Department, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Dalrymple
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Stalford
- School of Social Justice and Law, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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López de Munain J, Cámara Pérez MDM, López Martinez M, Alava Menica JA, Hernandez Ragpa L, Imaz Pérez M, Teijeiro Pulido MJ, Mojas Díez I, de la Peña Trigueros M, Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco JL, Muñoz Sánchez J. Alarming incidence of reinfections after treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhoea: Can we predict and prevent them? ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:269-277. [PMID: 36610838 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections are a public health problem, worsened by frequent reinfections, whose incidence rate is not known in Spain. The objective of this study is to estimate in patients diagnosed with NG, CT or mixed infection (NG and CT): (1) the incidence of reinfections by the same microorganism, (2) the total incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), both by the same microorganism and by infections other than the initial one, and (3) to identify predictors of reinfection. METHODS Observational prospective case series involving 986 patients with CT and/or NG at specialized STI clinics in Biscay (Spain) between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS The six month cumulative incidence of reinfection by the same microorganism was 17.24% (CI95%: 14.9-19.7) and 24.65% (CI95%: 21.9-27.4) for any STI (reinfection or other). Being an immigrant (OR=1.8; CI95%: 1.3-2.6), men who have sex with men (OR=1.8; CI95%: 1.3-2.6), number of sexual partners (OR=4.3; CI95%: 2.7-6.8 for more than 5 partners), having a new partner (OR=1.7; CI95%: 1.08-2.6), not always using a condom (OR=1.4; CI95%: 1.02-1.9) and consumption of alcohol prior to sex (OR=3.8; CI95%: 1.5-9.5) were associated with reinfection by any STI. CONCLUSION These characteristics allow doctors to identify patients in whom to prioritize short-term rescreening for repeated infections with any STIs after initial treatment for NG or CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina López de Munain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain; Biocruces-Bizkaia Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Maria Del Mar Cámara Pérez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam López Martinez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Alava Menica
- Clinic Microbiology and Infection Control Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leonora Hernandez Ragpa
- Clinic Microbiology and Infection Control Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Imaz Pérez
- Clinic Microbiology and Infection Control Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria José Teijeiro Pulido
- Infectious Diseases Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Mojas Díez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mireia de la Peña Trigueros
- Infectious Diseases Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco
- Clinic Microbiology and Infection Control Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josefa Muñoz Sánchez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Care Organization (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service), Bilbao, Spain; Biocruces-Bizkaia Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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López de Munain J, Cámara Pérez MDM, López Martinez M, Alava Menica JA, Hernandez Ragpa L, Imaz Pérez M, Teijeiro Pulido MJ, Mojas Díez I, de la Peña Trigueros M, Díaz de Tuesta del Arco JL, Muñoz Sánchez J. Alarming incidence of reinfections after treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhoea: Can we predict and prevent them? Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lackner JM. Skills over pills? A clinical gastroenterologist's primer in cognitive behavioral therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:601-618. [PMID: 32510249 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1780118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome is a common, painful, and often disabling GI disorder for which there is no satisfactory medical or dietary treatment. The past 10 years have seen the development and validation of a number of psychological treatments of which CBT is arguably the most effective based on two recently conducted multiple site trials from two investigative teams in the UK and USA. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this review is to describe the principles, processes, procedures, and empirical basis supporting CBT and distinguish it from other psychological treatments available to clinical GE whose patients suffer from refractory IBS. EXPERT OPINION The efficacy of CBT in treating refractory IBS patients is well established but there is limited understanding of why it works and for whom it is most beneficial. Further, its availability is generally limited to tertiary care settings which may undermine its value proposition if improved self-management is not accompanied by other health-care efficiencies. Systematic efforts to increase both the efficiency of CBT and the way it is delivered (e.g. digital therapeutics, integration into primary care) is critical to optimizing CBT's potential and reducing the public health burden IBS imposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Lackner
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, SUNY , Buffalo, NY, USA
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Rubin DHF, Ross JDC, Grad YH. The frontiers of addressing antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Transl Res 2020; 220:122-137. [PMID: 32119845 PMCID: PMC7293957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can cause urethritis, cervicitis, and systemic disease, among other manifestations. N. gonorrhoeae has rapidly rising incidence along with increasing levels of antibiotic resistance to a broad range of drugs including first-line treatments. The rise in resistance has led to fears of untreatable gonorrhea causing substantial disease globally. In this review, we will describe multiple approaches being undertaken to slow and control this spread of resistance. First, a number of old drugs have been repurposed and new drugs are being developed with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Second, vaccine development, long an important goal, is advancing. Third, new diagnostics promise rapid detection of antibiotic resistance and a shift from empiric to tailored treatment. The deployment of these new tools for addressing the challenge of antibiotic resistance will require careful consideration to provide optimal care for all patients while extending the lifespan of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H F Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D C Ross
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Birmingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yonatan H Grad
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Roy A, King C, Gilson R, Richardson D, Burns F, Rodger A, Clark L, Miners A, Pollard A, Desai S, Bailey J, Shahmanesh M, Llewellyn C. Healthcare provider and service user perspectives on STI risk reduction interventions for young people and MSM in the UK. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 96:26-32. [PMID: 31350380 PMCID: PMC7029238 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioural interventions have been shown to reduce sexual behaviours associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infections in young people (<25 years) and men who have sex with men (MSM) internationally, but evidence from England is limited. We aimed to explore service provider and user experiences and perspectives on behavioural interventions to reduce sexual behaviour risks, and the use of automated methods to triage individuals to these services. METHODS We conducted a sequential mixed methods study with sexual health service providers and users in 2015/2016. Qualitative interviews with providers and service users (heterosexual young people and MSM) in London and Brighton allowed us to explore a range of experiences and expectations. A subsequent national web-survey of service providers measured the feasibility of delivery within existing resources and preferences for intervention attributes. RESULTS We conducted 35 service user (15 heterosexual young people; 20 MSM) and 26 provider interviews and had 100 web-survey responses. We found considerable heterogeneity in prevention services offered. Service users and providers were broadly supportive of tailoring interventions offered, but service users raised concerns about automated, data-driven triage, particularly around equity and fairness of service delivery. Digital technologies, including social media or apps, were appealing to providers, being less resource intensive. However, one-to-one talking interventions remained popular with both service users and providers, being familiar, trustworthy and personal. Key tensions between desirability of interventions and availability of resources to deliver them were acknowledged/recognised by providers and users. CONCLUSION Overall, behavioural interventions to reduce sexual behaviour risks were viewed favourably by service providers and users, with key considerations including: privacy, personalisation and convenience. However, introducing desirable targeted interventions within heterogeneous sexual health settings will require resources to adapt interventions and research to fully understand the barriers and facilitators to use within routine services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Roy
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Carina King
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Gilson
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Richardson
- Sexual Health & HIV, Brighton & Sussex University NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
- Sexual Health & HIV Medicine, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Fiona Burns
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Rodger
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Clark
- Sexual Health & HIV, Brighton & Sussex University NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Alec Miners
- Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alex Pollard
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Sarika Desai
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Julia Bailey
- Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Carrie Llewellyn
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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