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Xiao M, Zeng W, Wang J, Yao F, Peng Z, Liu G, Yu L, Wei W, Zhou S, Li K, Wu L, Zhu K, Guan Y, Chen H, Liu Z, Chen J. Exosomes Protect Against Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Regulating the Renin-Angiotensin System. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:622-631. [PMID: 33765842 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been suggested to play an important role in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have confirmed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-EX) had similar types of repair like effects upon tissues as BMSC, but the mechanisms remain unknown. BMSC were cultured to the third generation and were induced to release exosomes. Rats were injected with exosomes (100 μg/mL) or stem cells (1 × 106/mL) through the tail vein immediately after AMI was built, compared to those treated with physiological saline. Thereafter, all groups were analyzed for cardiac function, infarction sizes, and the levels of expression of BNP, ACE, ACE2, AngII, Ang1-7, and other factors in the plasma. After H2O2 makes contact with H9C2 cardiomyocytes, cell proliferation activity and apoptotic rates were measured by using CCK8 kits, to facilitate investigation of the effect of exosomes on H9C2 cells. In vivo, the index of cardiac remodeling and cardiac function was improved in both groups of exosomes and stem cells after AMI. Furthermore, exosomes may have helped to regulate the balance of the RAS system, upregulate ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas, and downregulate the ACE-AngII-ATIR pathway. Therefore, its effects were such as to accelerate the conversion of Ang II to Ang 1-7, thereby improving cardiac remodeling and forming sustained myocardial protection. In vitro, exosomal intervention was found to have increased the levels of activity of H9C2 cardiomyocytes under H2O2 injury and improved adverse effects of AngII upon H9C2 cells. All procedures for this study were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Guangdong Medical University. BMSC-EX improved cardiac remodeling and cardiac function, and had effects upon RAS system-related factors in plasma. Similarly, BMSC-EX also helped to protect H9C2 cells under attack from H2O2 or AngII, and may thus play beneficial roles by facilitating regulation of the balance of the RAS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Xiao
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Weikai Zeng
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Junxian Wang
- Gerontology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Zijian Peng
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Guangyan Liu
- Gerontology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Gerontology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Shengzhi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Kaize Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Luyao Wu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Yuejie Guan
- Gerontology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Huanyu Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Liu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhangjiang, China
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Mordwinkin NM, Meeks CJ, Jadhav SS, Espinoza T, Roda N, diZerega GS, Louie SG, Rodgers KE. Angiotensin-(1-7) administration reduces oxidative stress in diabetic bone marrow. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2189-97. [PMID: 22434085 PMCID: PMC3339643 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetics have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, in part due to oxidative stress, resulting in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] can activate eNOS activity. Because the bone marrow is a primary source of a number of progenitors important in physiological homeostasis and healing, the goal of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effects of Ang-(1-7) treatment on oxidative stress and the ensuing nitrative stress in diabetic bone marrow and its potential pathways. BKS.Cg-Dock7(m) +/+ Lepr(db)/J mice and their heterozygous controls were administered Ang-(1-7) alone or combined with A-779, losartan, PD123,319, nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, or icatibant sc for 14 d. The bone marrow was then collected to measure nitric oxide levels, eNOS phosphorylation, and expression of nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, and p22-phox. Nitric oxide levels in the bone marrow were significantly decreased in diabetic mice, and Ang-(1-7) treatment was able to significantly increase these measures (P < 0.01). This effect was blocked by the coadministration of PD123,319, A-779, nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and icatibant. In addition, Ang-(1-7) treatment reversed the paradoxical increase in eNOS and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and decreased the phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 seen in diabetic mice. Ang-(1-7) also reversed diabetes-induced production of reactive oxygen species by decreasing p22-phox expression and increasing superoxide dismutase 3 expression, leading to a significant reduction in 3-nitrotyrosine formation in diabetic bone marrow (P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that Ang-(1-7) administration decreases diabetes-induced oxidative stress in the bone marrow and modifies pathways involved in eNOS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Mordwinkin
- University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Keck School of Medicine, 1321 North Mission Road, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Galajda Z, Balla J, Szentmiklosi AJ, Biro T, Czifra G, Dobrosi N, Cseppento A, Patonay L, Roszer T, Balla G, Popescu LM, Lekli I, Tosaki A. Histamine and H1 -histamine receptors faster venous circulation. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2614-23. [PMID: 21199332 PMCID: PMC4373430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study has analysed the action of histamine in the rabbit venous system and evaluated its potential role in contraction during increased venous pressure. We have found that a great variety exists in histamine sensitivity and H(1) -histamine receptor expression in various types of rabbit veins. Veins of the extremities (saphenous vein, femoral vein, axillary vein) and abdomen (common iliac vein, inferior vena cava) responded to histamine by a prominent, concentration-dependent force generation, whereas great thoracic veins (subclavian vein, superior vena cavas, intrathoracic part of inferior vena cava) and a pelvic vein (external iliac vein) exhibited slight sensitivity to exogenous histamine. The lack of reactivity to histamine was not due to increased activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or heme oxygenase-1. H(1) -histamine receptor expression of veins correlated well with the histamine-induced contractions. Voltage-dependent calcium channels mediated mainly the histamine-induced force generation of saphenous vein, whereas it did not act in the inferior vena cava. In contrast, the receptor-operated channels were not involved in this response in either vein. Tyrosine phosphorylation occurred markedly in response to histamine in the saphenous vein, but not in the inferior vena cava. Histamine induced a prominent ρ kinase activation in both vessels. Protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were not implicated in the histamine-induced intracellular calcium sensitization. Importantly, transient clamping of the femoral vein in animals caused a short-term constriction, which was inhibited by H(1) -histamine receptor antagonist in vivo. Furthermore, a significantly greater histamine immunopositivity was detected in veins after stretching compared to the resting state. We conclude that histamine receptor density adapts to the actual requirements of the circulation, and histamine liberated by the venous wall during increased venous pressure contributes to the contraction of vessels, providing a force for the venous return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Galajda
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Qi Y, Li H, Shenoy V, Li Q, Wong F, Zhang L, Raizada MK, Sumners C, Katovich MJ. Moderate cardiac-selective overexpression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor protects cardiac functions from ischaemic injury. Exp Physiol 2011; 97:89-101. [PMID: 21967903 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that moderate cardiac-selective overexpression of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) would protect the myocardium from ischaemic injury after a myocardial infarction (MI) induced by coronary artery ligation. For in vitro studies, adenoviral vector expressing genomic DNA of AT2R and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) was used to overexpress AT2R in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes. Expression of AT2R, measured by real-time PCR and immunostaining, demonstrated efficient transduction of AT2R in a dose-dependent pattern. The AT2R constitutively induced apoptosis in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes in dose-dependent patterns. For in vivo studies, 4 × 10(10) vector genomes (vg) of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9)-chicken β actin promoter-AT2R was injected into the left ventricle of 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. At 6 weeks of age, hearts were harvested and expression of AT2R determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Expression was increased onefold over control hearts, and no apoptosis was detected. Two subsequent in vivo studies were performed. In a prevention study, 4 × 10(10) vg of rAAV9-CBA-AT2R was injected into the left ventricle of 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and MI was induced at 6 weeks of age. For a post-treatment study, 4 × 10(10) vg of rAAV9-CBA-AT2R was administrated to the peri-infarcted myocardium area immediately after MI in 6-week-old animals. For both in vivo studies, cardiac functions were assessed using echocardiography and haemodynamic measurements 4 weeks after coronary artery ligation. In the in vivo studies, the rats subjected to MI showed significant decreases in fractional shortening and rate of change of left ventricular pressure, with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ventricular hypertrophy. For the prevention study, the moderate cardiac-selective overexpression of AT2R attenuated these MI-induced impairments and also caused a decrease in ventricular wall thinning. In the post-treatment study, the overexpression of AT2R partly reversed the MI-induced cardiac dysfunction. Myocardial infarction also induced the upregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme and collagen I mRNA expression, all of which were attenuated by the overexpression of AT2R. It is concluded that moderate cardiac-selective overexpression of AT2R protects heart function from ischaemic injury, which may be mediated, at least in part, through modulation of components of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system and collagen levels in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, SW 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Qi Y, Shenoy V, Wong F, Li H, Afzal A, Mocco J, Sumners C, Raizada MK, Katovich MJ. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of angiotensin-(1-7) attenuated ischaemia-induced cardiac pathophysiology. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:863-74. [PMID: 21685447 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.056994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in cell death, development of interstitial fibrosis, ventricular wall thinning and ultimately, heart failure. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] has been shown to provide cardioprotective effects. We hypothesize that lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Ang-(1-7) would protect the myocardium from ischaemic injury. A single bolus of 3.5 × 10(8) transducing units of lenti-Ang-(1-7) was injected into the left ventricle of 5-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. At 6 weeks of age, MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks after the MI, echocardiography and haemodynamic parameters were measured to assess cardiac function. Postmyocardial infarction, rats showed significant decreases in fractional shortening and dP/dt (rate of rise of left ventricular pressure), increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and ventricular hypertrophy. Also, considerable upregulation of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA was observed in these rats. Lentivirus-mediated cardiac overexpression of Ang-(1-7) not only prevented all these MI-induced impairments but also resulted in decreased myocardial wall thinning and an increased cardiac gene expression of ACE2 and bradykinin B2 receptor (BKR2). Furthermore, in vitro experiments using rat neonatal cardiac myocytes demonstrated protective effects of Ang-(1-7) against hypoxia-induced cell death. This beneficial effect was associated with decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) and increased gene expression of ACE2, BKR2 and interleukin-10. Our findings indicate that overexpression of Ang-(1-7) improves cardiac function and attenuates left ventricular remodelling post-MI. The protective effects of Ang-(1-7) appear to be mediated, at least in part, through modulation of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanFei Qi
- Department of Pharmadocynamics, University of Florida, SW 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Filho AG, Ferreira AJ, Santos SHS, Neves SRS, Silva Camargos ER, Becker LK, Belchior HA, Dias-Peixoto MF, Pinheiro SVB, Santos RAS. Selective increase of angiotensin(1-7) and its receptor in hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to physical training. Exp Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.041293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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