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Palmer JA, Rosenthal N, Teichmann SA, Litvinukova M. Revisiting Cardiac Biology in the Era of Single Cell and Spatial Omics. Circ Res 2024; 134:1681-1702. [PMID: 38843288 PMCID: PMC11149945 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Throughout our lifetime, each beat of the heart requires the coordinated action of multiple cardiac cell types. Understanding cardiac cell biology, its intricate microenvironments, and the mechanisms that govern their function in health and disease are crucial to designing novel therapeutical and behavioral interventions. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly propelled this understanding, offering novel insights into the cellular diversity and function and the complex interactions of cardiac tissue. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular landscape of the heart, bridging the gap between suspension-based and emerging in situ approaches, focusing on the experimental and computational challenges, comparative analyses of mouse and human cardiac systems, and the rising contextualization of cardiac cells within their niches. As we explore the heart at this unprecedented resolution, integrating insights from both mouse and human studies will pave the way for novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving outcomes for patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Palmer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.A.P., S.A.T.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (J.A.P., S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME (N.R.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (N.R.)
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.A.P., S.A.T.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (J.A.P., S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory (S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Litvinukova
- University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (M.L.)
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany (M.L.)
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, Germany (M.L.)
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2
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Pan L, Parini P, Tremmel R, Loscalzo J, Lauschke VM, Maron BA, Paci P, Ernberg I, Tan NS, Liao Z, Yin W, Rengarajan S, Li X. Single Cell Atlas: a single-cell multi-omics human cell encyclopedia. Genome Biol 2024; 25:104. [PMID: 38641842 PMCID: PMC11027364 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing datasets are key in biology and medicine for unraveling insights into heterogeneous cell populations with unprecedented resolution. Here, we construct a single-cell multi-omics map of human tissues through in-depth characterizations of datasets from five single-cell omics, spatial transcriptomics, and two bulk omics across 125 healthy adult and fetal tissues. We construct its complement web-based platform, the Single Cell Atlas (SCA, www.singlecellatlas.org ), to enable vast interactive data exploration of deep multi-omics signatures across human fetal and adult tissues. The atlas resources and database queries aspire to serve as a one-stop, comprehensive, and time-effective resource for various omics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, and, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Medicine Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Tremmel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zehuan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Weiyao Yin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sundararaman Rengarajan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
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3
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Cai X, Li Y, Gao F, Muhammad B, Yang H. Therapeutic effect and study of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in patients with ischaemic bowel disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6121. [PMID: 38480861 PMCID: PMC10937724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic bowel disease (ICBD) is a group of intestinal ischaemia syndromes caused by various aetiologies of reduced intestinal blood flow or vascular occlusion. ICBD can present as abdominal pain, bloody stool, and diarrhoea. This disease often occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The incidence of ischaemic bowel disease has been increasing for decades, and it is difficult to diagnose, resulting in rapid disease progression and a high mortality rate. Therefore, fully understanding this disease, improving the diagnosis rate of this disease, and finding appropriate treatment methods are urgently needed to improve the condition and prognosis of patients. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are accessible, have weak immunogenicity, and have various biological functions, such as angiogenesis, inflammation and immune regulation. Many studies have confirmed that cord blood stem cells can relieve ischaemia, and these cells have attracted tremendous amounts of attention in regenerative medicine in recent years. In this paper, we discuss the clinical characteristics of ICBD, analyse the characteristics of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCB-MNCs), and use its to treat ischaemic bowel disease. Additionally, we compare the clinical manifestations and related indicators before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Cai
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, No. 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Graduate Department of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, No. 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Graduate Department of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, No. 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bilal Muhammad
- Graduate Department of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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4
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Gila F, Alamdari-Palangi V, Rafiee M, Jokar A, Ehtiaty S, Dianatinasab A, Khatami SH, Taheri-Anganeh M, Movahedpour A, Fallahi J. Gene-edited cells: novel allogeneic gene/cell therapy for epidermolysis bullosa. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00839-2. [PMID: 38459407 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic skin fragility disorders, which are hereditary. These disorders are associated with mutations in at least 16 genes that encode components of the epidermal adhesion complex. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this disorder. All current treatment approaches focus on topical treatments to prevent complications and infections. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of the severe genetic skin blistering condition known as EB through preclinical and clinical advancements. Promising developments have emerged in the areas of protein and cell therapies, such as allogeneic stem cell transplantation; in addition, RNA-based therapies and gene therapy approaches have also become a reality. Stem cells obtained from embryonic or adult tissues, including the skin, are undifferentiated cells with the ability to generate, maintain, and replace fully developed cells and tissues. Recent advancements in preclinical and clinical research have significantly enhanced stem cell therapy, presenting a promising treatment option for various diseases that are not effectively addressed by current medical treatments. Different types of stem cells such as primarily hematopoietic and mesenchymal, obtained from the patient or from a donor, have been utilized to treat severe forms of diseases, each with some beneficial effects. In addition, extensive research has shown that gene transfer methods targeting allogeneic and autologous epidermal stem cells to replace or correct the defective gene are promising. These methods can regenerate and restore the adhesion of primary keratinocytes in EB patients. The long-term treatment of skin lesions in a small number of patients has shown promising results through the transplantation of skin grafts produced from gene-corrected autologous epidermal stem cells. This article attempts to summarize the current situation, potential development prospects, and some of the challenges related to the cell therapy approach for EB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gila
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahab Alamdari-Palangi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maedeh Rafiee
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Arezoo Jokar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Ehtiaty
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Dianatinasab
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sirisereephap K, Tamura H, Lim JH, Surboyo MDC, Isono T, Hiyoshi T, Rosenkranz AL, Sato-Yamada Y, Domon H, Ikeda A, Hirose T, Sunazuka T, Yoshiba N, Okada H, Terao Y, Maeda T, Tabeta K, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G, Maekawa T. A novel macrolide-Del-1 axis to regenerate bone in old age. iScience 2024; 27:108798. [PMID: 38261928 PMCID: PMC10797555 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to chronic inflammatory bone loss disorders, such as periodontitis, in large part due to the impaired regenerative potential of aging tissues. DEL-1 exerts osteogenic activity and promotes bone regeneration. However, DEL-1 expression declines with age. Here we show that systemically administered macrolide antibiotics and a non-antibiotic erythromycin derivative, EM-523, restore DEL-1 expression in 18-month-old ("aged") mice while promoting regeneration of bone lost due to naturally occurring age-related periodontitis. These compounds failed to induce bone regeneration in age-matched DEL-1-deficient mice. Consequently, these drugs promoted DEL-1-dependent functions, including alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression in the periodontal tissue while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, leading to net bone growth. Macrolide-treated aged mice exhibited increased skeletal bone mass, suggesting that this treatment may be pertinent to systemic bone loss disorders. In conclusion, we identified a macrolide-DEL-1 axis that can regenerate bone lost due to aging-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kridtapat Sirisereephap
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jong-Hyung Lim
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Andrea L. Rosenkranz
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yurie Sato-Yamada
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Akari Ikeda
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Ryan CN, Pugliese E, Shologu N, Gaspar D, Rooney P, Islam MN, O'Riordan A, Biggs MJ, Griffin MD, Zeugolis DI. Physicochemical cues are not potent regulators of human dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2023; 11:100079. [PMID: 37720487 PMCID: PMC10499661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their inherent plasticity, dermal fibroblasts hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Although biological signals have been well-established as potent regulators of dermal fibroblast function, it is still unclear whether physiochemical cues can induce dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation. Herein, we evaluated the combined effect of surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen type I coating and macromolecular crowding in human dermal fibroblast cultures. Our data indicate that tissue culture plastic and collagen type I coating increased cell proliferation and metabolic activity. None of the assessed in vitro microenvironment modulators affected cell viability. Anisotropic surface topography induced bidirectional cell morphology, especially on more rigid (1,000 kPa and 130 kPa) substrates. Macromolecular crowding increased various collagen types, but not fibronectin, deposition. Macromolecular crowding induced globular extracellular matrix deposition, independently of the properties of the substrate. At day 14 (longest time point assessed), macromolecular crowding downregulated tenascin C (in 9 out of the 14 groups), aggrecan (in 13 out of the 14 groups), osteonectin (in 13 out of the 14 groups), and collagen type I (in all groups). Overall, our data suggest that physicochemical cues (such surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen coating and macromolecular crowding) are not as potent as biological signals in inducing dermal fibroblast trans-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N.M. Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peadar Rooney
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Manus J. Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Herd CL, Mellet J, Mashingaidze T, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Consequences of HIV infection in the bone marrow niche. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163012. [PMID: 37497228 PMCID: PMC10366613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the bone marrow niche resulting from the direct and indirect effects of HIV infection contributes to haematological abnormalities observed in HIV patients. The bone marrow niche is a complex, multicellular environment which functions primarily in the maintenance of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). These adult stem cells are responsible for replacing blood and immune cells over the course of a lifetime. Cells of the bone marrow niche support HSPCs and help to orchestrate the quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation of HSPCs through chemical and molecular signals and cell-cell interactions. This narrative review discusses the HIV-associated dysregulation of the bone marrow niche, as well as the susceptibility of HSPCs to infection by HIV.
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Root ZD, Jandzik D, Gould C, Allen C, Brewer M, Medeiros DM. Cartilage diversification and modularity drove the evolution of the ancestral vertebrate head skeleton. EvoDevo 2023; 14:8. [PMID: 37147719 PMCID: PMC10161429 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-023-00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate head skeleton has evolved a myriad of forms since their divergence from invertebrate chordates. The connection between novel gene expression and cell types is therefore of importance in this process. The transformation of the jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) head skeleton from oral cirri to jointed jaw elements required a diversity of cartilages as well as changes in the patterning of these tissues. Although lampreys are a sister clade to gnathostomes, they display skeletal diversity with distinct gene expression and histologies, a useful model for addressing joint evolution. Specifically, the lamprey tissue known as mucocartilage has noted similarities with the jointed elements of the mandibular arch in jawed vertebrates. We thus asked whether the cells in lamprey mucocartilage and gnathostome joint tissue could be considered homologous. To do this, we characterized new genes that are involved in gnathostome joint formation and characterized the histochemical properties of lamprey skeletal types. We find that most of these genes are minimally found in mucocartilage and are likely later innovations, but we do identify new activity for gdf5/6/7b in both hyaline and mucocartilage, supporting its role as a chondrogenic regulator. Contrary to previous works, our histological assays do not find any perichondrial fibroblasts surrounding mucocartilage, suggesting that mucocartilage is non-skeletogenic tissue that is partially chondrified. Interestingly, we also identify new histochemical features of the lamprey otic capsule that diverge from normal hyaline. Paired with our new insights into lamprey mucocartilage, we propose a broader framework for skeletal evolution in which an ancestral soxD/E and gdf5/6/7 network directs mesenchyme along a spectrum of cartilage-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Root
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, 84215 Slovakia
| | - Claire Gould
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Cara Allen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Margaux Brewer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Daniel M. Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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9
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Zorina A, Zorin V, Isaev A, Kudlay D, Vasileva M, Kopnin P. Dermal Fibroblasts as the Main Target for Skin Anti-Age Correction Using a Combination of Regenerative Medicine Methods. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3829-3847. [PMID: 37232716 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article includes the data from current studies regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms of skin aging and the regenerative processes occurring in the epidermis and dermis at the molecular and cellular level, mainly, the key role of dermal fibroblasts in skin regeneration. Analyzing these data, the authors proposed the concept of skin anti-age therapy that is based on the correction of age-related skin changes by stimulating regenerative processes at the molecular and cellular level. The main target of the skin anti-age therapy is dermal fibroblasts (DFs). A variant of the cosmetological anti-age program using the combination of laser and cellular methods of regenerative medicine is presented in the paper. The program includes three stages of implementation and defines the tasks and methods of each stage. Thus, laser technologies allow one to remodel the collagen matrix and create favorable conditions for DFs functions, whereas the cultivated autologous dermal fibroblasts replenish the pool of mature DFs decreasing with age and are responsible for the synthesis of components of the dermal extracellular matrix. Finally, the use of autological platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enables to maintenance of the achieved results by stimulating DF function. It has been shown that growth factors/cytokines contained in α-granules of platelets injected into the skin bind to the corresponding transmembrane receptors on the surface of DFs and stimulate their synthetic activity. Thus, the consecutive, step-by-step application of the described methods of regenerative medicine amplifies the effect on the molecular and cellular aging processes and thereby allows one to optimize and prolong the clinical results of skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zorina
- The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
- SKINCELL LLC, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Vadim Zorin
- The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
- SKINCELL LLC, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Artur Isaev
- The Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (The Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria Vasileva
- The N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, The Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- The N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, The Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 115478, Russia
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10
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Giacomini C, Granéli C, Hicks R, Dazzi F. The critical role of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutics and implications in homeostasis and normal tissue repair. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:570-582. [PMID: 37185486 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively tested for the treatment of numerous clinical conditions and have demonstrated good safety but mixed efficacy. Although this outcome can be attributed in part to the heterogeneity of cell preparations, the lack of mechanistic understanding and tools to establish cell pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the poorly defined criteria for patient stratification, have hampered the design of informative clinical trials. We and others have demonstrated that MSCs can rapidly undergo apoptosis after their infusion. Apoptotic MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages that are then reprogrammed to become anti-inflammatory cells. MSC apoptosis occurs when the cells are injected into patients who harbor activated cytotoxic T or NK cells. Therefore, the activation state of cytotoxic T or NK cells can be used as a biomarker to predict clinical responses to MSC treatment. Building on a large body of preexisting data, an alternative view on the mechanism of MSCs is that an inflammation-dependent MSC secretome is largely responsible for their immunomodulatory activity. We will discuss how these different mechanisms can coexist and are instructed by two different types of MSC "licensing": one that is cell-contact dependent and the second that is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. The varied and complex mechanisms by which MSCs can orchestrate inflammatory responses and how this function is specifically driven by inflammation support a physiological role for tissue stroma in tissue homeostasis, and it acts as a sensor of damage and initiator of tissue repair by reprogramming the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Cecilia Granéli
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Alyami R, Al Jasser R, Ali Alshehri F, Alshibani N, Bin Hamdan S, Abdulaziz Alyami R, Niazy AA. Vitamin C influences antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and wound healing markers in smokers’ gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:337-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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12
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Li Z, Wang Y, Li G, Ma N, Li M, Yuan F, Fu Y, Wang L. Clinical observation on the safety and efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36856529 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2183611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is caused by a pathologic and destructive response of the organism as a result of the interaction between donor immunocompetent T lymphocytes and the recipient tisular antigens1. Graft-versus-host disease is considered a serious complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The skin, oral cavity and lungs are commonly affected organs. Among these complications bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is a serious complication, which even can be life-threatening. Therefore, this research aims to do a clinical observation on the safety and efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Fifteen patients were included in this study, who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among these patients, both of them were treated with azithromycin, montelukast, glucocorticoid and pirfenidone. Two of them did not receive second line anti-rejection treatment due to economic reasons, and three of them were treated with mesenchymal stem cells. These bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome-related symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness and wheezing have improved. Two of them died due to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome related complications such as respiratory failure. Two of them not only improve the symptoms but also increased the FEV1/FVC, who were treated with mesenchymal stem cells. The comprehensive treatment regimen containing imatinib and ruxolitinib is safe and effective and mesenchymal stem cell is a promising treatment option to improve the prognosis of post-HSCT BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangping Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Research and Transformation Center of Stem Cell And Regenearative Medicine, Henan Academy of Medical Sciences Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuewen Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research and Transformation Center of Stem Cell And Regenearative Medicine, Henan Academy of Medical Sciences Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Duda GN, Geissler S, Checa S, Tsitsilonis S, Petersen A, Schmidt-Bleek K. The decisive early phase of bone regeneration. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:78-95. [PMID: 36624263 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone has a remarkable endogenous regenerative capacity that enables scarless healing and restoration of its prior mechanical function, even under challenging conditions such as advanced age and metabolic or immunological degenerative diseases. However - despite much progress - a high number of bone injuries still heal with unsatisfactory outcomes. The mechanisms leading to impaired healing are heterogeneous, and involve exuberant and non-resolving immune reactions or overstrained mechanical conditions that affect the delicate regulation of the early initiation of scar-free healing. Every healing process begins phylogenetically with an inflammatory reaction, but its spatial and temporal intensity must be tightly controlled. Dysregulation of this inflammatory cascade directly affects the subsequent healing phases and hinders the healing progression. This Review discusses the complex processes underlying bone regeneration, focusing on the early healing phase and its highly dynamic environment, where vibrant changes in cellular and tissue composition alter the mechanical environment and thus affect the signalling pathways that orchestrate the healing process. Essential to scar-free healing is the interplay of various dynamic cascades that control timely resolution of local inflammation and tissue self-organization, while also providing sufficient local stability to initiate endogenous restoration. Various immunotherapy and mechanobiology-based therapy options are under investigation for promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Osteogenic transdifferentiation of primary human fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells with human platelet lysate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14686. [PMID: 36038602 PMCID: PMC9424276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone disorders account for about 10% of documented Mendelian disorders and are associated with high financial burden. Their study requires osteoblasts which play a critical role in regulating the development and maintenance of bone tissue. However, bone tissue is not always available from patients. We developed a highly efficient platelet lysate-based approach to directly transdifferentiate skin-derived human fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells. We extensively characterized our in vitro model by examining the expression of osteoblast-specific markers during the transdifferentiation process both at the mRNA and protein level. The transdifferentiated osteoblast-like cells showed significantly increased expression of a panel of osteogenic markers. Mineral deposition and ALP activity were also shown, confirming their osteogenic properties. RNA-seq analysis allowed the global study of changes in the transcriptome of the transdifferentiated cells. The transdifferentiated cells clustered separately from the primary fibroblasts with regard to the significantly upregulated genes indicating a distinct transcriptome profile; transdifferentiated osteoblasts also showed significant enrichment in gene expression related to skeletal development and bone mineralization. Our presented in vitro model may potentially contribute to the prospect of studying osteoblast-dependent disorders in patient-derived cells.
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15
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Watson-Levings RS, Palmer GD, Levings PP, Dacanay EA, Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC. Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics: Progress and Challenges in Pre-Clinical Development and Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:901317. [PMID: 35837555 PMCID: PMC9274665 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In orthopaedics, gene-based treatment approaches are being investigated for an array of common -yet medically challenging- pathologic conditions of the skeletal connective tissues and structures (bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, joints, intervertebral discs etc.). As the skeletal system protects the vital organs and provides weight-bearing structural support, the various tissues are principally composed of dense extracellular matrix (ECM), often with minimal cellularity and vasculature. Due to their functional roles, composition, and distribution throughout the body the skeletal tissues are prone to traumatic injury, and/or structural failure from chronic inflammation and matrix degradation. Due to a mixture of environment and endogenous factors repair processes are often slow and fail to restore the native quality of the ECM and its function. In other cases, large-scale lesions from severe trauma or tumor surgery, exceed the body’s healing and regenerative capacity. Although a wide range of exogenous gene products (proteins and RNAs) have the potential to enhance tissue repair/regeneration and inhibit degenerative disease their clinical use is hindered by the absence of practical methods for safe, effective delivery. Cumulatively, a large body of evidence demonstrates the capacity to transfer coding sequences for biologic agents to cells in the skeletal tissues to achieve prolonged delivery at functional levels to augment local repair or inhibit pathologic processes. With an eye toward clinical translation, we discuss the research progress in the primary injury and disease targets in orthopaedic gene therapy. Technical considerations important to the exploration and pre-clinical development are presented, with an emphasis on vector technologies and delivery strategies whose capacity to generate and sustain functional transgene expression in vivo is well-established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael S. Watson-Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glyn D. Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Padraic P. Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - E. Anthony Dacanay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher H. Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Steven C. Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven C. Ghivizzani,
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16
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Arora D, Robey PG. Recent updates on the biological basis of heterogeneity in bone marrow stromal cells/skeletal stem cells. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:3-16. [PMID: 35837340 PMCID: PMC9255791 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on studies over the last several decades, the self-renewing skeletal lineages derived from bone marrow stroma could be an ideal source for skeletal tissue engineering. However, the markers for osteogenic precursors; i.e., bone marrowderived skeletal stem cells (SSCs), in association with other cells of the marrow stroma (bone marrow stromal cells, BMSCs) and their heterogeneous nature both in vivo and in vitro remain to be clarified. This review aims to highlight: i) the importance of distinguishing BMSCs/SSCs from other "mesenchymal stem/stromal cells", and ii) factors that are responsible for their heterogeneity, and how these factors impact on the differentiation potential of SSCs towards bone. The prospective role of SSC enrichment, their expansion and its impact on SSC phenotype is explored. Emphasis has also been given to emerging single cell RNA sequencing approaches in scrutinizing the unique population of SSCs within the BMSC population, along with their committed progeny. Understanding the factors involved in heterogeneity may help researchers to improvise their strategies to isolate, characterize and adopt best culture practices and source identification to develop standard operating protocols for developing reproducible stem cells grafts. However, more scientific understanding of the molecular basis of heterogeneity is warranted that may be obtained from the robust high-throughput functional transcriptomics of single cells or clonal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Arora
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering & Life Sciences, Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed-to-be-University), Meerut, India
| | - Pamela Gehron Robey
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Farrokhi A, Rahavi M, Jo S, Jalili R, Lim CJ, Ghahsary A, Reid GSD. Inflammatory Immune Responses Trigger Rejection of Allogeneic Fibroblasts Transplanted into Mouse Skin. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221113803. [PMID: 35912954 PMCID: PMC9340901 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts, or their homolog stromal cells, are present in most tissues and play an essential role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. As a result, fibroblast-based strategies have been widely employed in tissue engineering. However, while considered to have immunosuppressive properties, the survival and functionality of allogeneic fibroblasts after transplantation remain controversial. Here, we evaluated innate and adaptive immune responses against allogeneic fibroblasts following intradermal injection into different immune-deficient mouse strains. While allogeneic fibroblasts were rejected 1 week after transplantation in immunocompetent mice, rejection did not occur in immunodeficient γ chain–deficient NOD-SCID (NSG) mice. T-cell- and B-cell-deficient RAG1 knockout mice showed greater loss of fibroblasts by day 5 after transplantation compared with NSG mice (P ≤ 0.05) but prolonged persistence compared with wild-type recipient (P ≤ 0.005). Loss of fibroblasts correlated with the expression of proinflammatory chemokine genes and infiltration of myeloid cells in the transplantation site. Depletion of macrophages and neutrophils delayed rejection, revealing the role of innate immune cells in an early elimination of fibroblasts that is followed by T-cell-mediated rejection in the second week. These findings indicate that the application of allogeneic fibroblasts in tissue engineering products requires further improvements to overcome cell rejection by innate and adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farrokhi
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - MohammadReza Rahavi
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sumin Jo
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reza Jalili
- Burn & Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery and International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. James Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahsary
- Burn & Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery and International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregor S. D. Reid
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Delinassios JG, Hoffman RM. The cancer-inhibitory effects of proliferating tumor-residing fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188673. [PMID: 34953931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Initiation, local progression, and metastasis of cancer are associated with specific morphological, molecular, and functional changes in the extracellular matrix and the fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the early stages of tumor development, fibroblasts are an obstacle that cancer cells must surpass or nullify to progress. Thus, in early tumor progression, specific signaling from cancer cells activates bio-pathways, which abolish the innate anticancer properties of fibroblasts and convert a high proportion of them to tumor-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Following this initial event, a wide spectrum of gene expression changes gradually leads to the development of a stromal fibroblast population with complex heterogeneity, creating fibroblast subtypes with characteristic profiles, which may alternate between being tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive, topologically and chronologically in the TME. These fibroblast subtypes form the tumor's histological landscape including areas of cancer growth, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion fronts, proliferating and non-proliferating fibroblasts, cancer-cell apoptosis, fibroblast apoptosis, and necrosis. These features reflect general deregulation of tissue homeostasis within the TME. This review discusses fundamental and current knowledge that has established the existence of anticancer fibroblasts within the various interacting elements of the TME. It is proposed that the maintenance of fibroblast proliferation is an essential parameter for the activation of their anticancer capacity, similar to that by which normal fibroblasts would be activated in wound repair, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. Encouragement of research in this direction may render new means of cancer therapy and a greater understanding of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Delinassios
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, 1(st) km Kapandritiou-Kalamou Rd., Kapandriti, 19014 Attica, Greece.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, 9300 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
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19
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Hirashima S, Ohta K, Togo A, Nakamura KI. 3D Mesoscopic Architecture of a Heterogeneous Cellular Network in the Cementum-Periodontal Ligament-Alveolar Bone Complex. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 71:22-33. [PMID: 34850074 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication orchestrates various cell and tissue functions. This communication enables cells to form cellular networks with each other through direct contact via intercellular junctions. Because these cellular networks are closely related to tissue and organ functions, elucidating the morphological characteristics of cellular networks could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The tooth, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone form a complex via collagen fibres. Teeth depend on the co-ordinated activity of this complex to maintain their function, with cellular networks in each of its three components. Imaging methods for three-dimensional (3D) mesoscopic architectural analysis include focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), which is characterised by its ability to select observation points and acquire data from complex tissue after extensive block-face imaging, without the need to prepare numerous ultrathin sections. Previously, we employed FIB/SEM to analyse the 3D mesoscopic architecture of hard tissue including the PDL, which exists between the bone and tooth root. The imaging results showed that the cementum, PDL, and alveolar bone networks are in contact and form a heterogeneous cellular network. This cellular network may orchestrate mechanical loading-induced remodelling of the cementum-PDL-alveolar bone complex as the remodelling of each complex component is coordinated, as exemplified by tooth movement due to orthodontic treatment and tooth dislocation due to occlusal loss. In this review, we summarise and discuss the 3D mesoscopic architecture of cellular networks in the cementum, PDL, and alveolar bone as observed in our recent mesoscopic and morphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hirashima
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.,Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akinobu Togo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.,Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
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20
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Deng L, Jiang N, Zeng J, Wang Y, Cui H. The Versatile Roles of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Colorectal Cancer and Therapeutic Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:733270. [PMID: 34660589 PMCID: PMC8517274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is populated by abundant cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that radically influence the disease progression across many cancers, including the colorectal cancer (CRC). In theory, targeting CAFs holds great potential in optimizing CRC treatment. However, attempts to translate the therapeutic benefit of CAFs into clinic practice face many obstacles, largely due to our limited understanding of the heterogeneity in their origins, functions, and mechanisms. In recent years, accumulating evidence has uncovered some cellular precursors and molecular markers of CAFs and also revealed their versatility in impacting various hallmarks of CRC, together helping us to better define the population of CAFs and also paving the way toward their future therapeutic targeting for CRC treatment. In this review, we outline the emerging concept of CAFs in CRC, with an emphasis on their origins, biomarkers, prognostic significance, as well as their functional roles and underlying mechanisms in CRC biology. At last, we discuss the prospect of harnessing CAFs as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Deng
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nianfen Jiang
- Health Management Center, Southwest University Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Hosseini M, Shafiee A. Engineering Bioactive Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101384. [PMID: 34313003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large skin wounds pose a major clinical challenge. Scarcity of donor site and postsurgical scarring contribute to the incomplete or partial loss of function and aesthetic concerns in skin wound patients. Currently, a wide variety of skin grafts are being applied in clinical settings. Scaffolds are used to overcome the issues related to the misaligned architecture of the repaired skin tissues. The current review summarizes the contribution of biomaterials to wound healing and skin regeneration and addresses the existing limitations in skin grafting. Then, the clinically approved biologic and synthetic skin substitutes are extensively reviewed. Next, the techniques for modification of skin grafts aiming for enhanced tissue regeneration are outlined, and a summary of different growth factor delivery systems using biomaterials is presented. Considering the significant progress in biomaterial science and manufacturing technologies, the idea of biomaterial-based skin grafts with the ability for scarless wound healing and reconstructing full skin organ is more achievable than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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22
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Kabakov L, Nemcovsky CE, Plasmanik-Chor M, Meir H, Bar DZ, Weinberg E. Fibroblasts from the oral masticatory and lining mucosa have different gene expression profiles and proliferation rates. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1393-1401. [PMID: 34409631 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the gene expression profiles and proliferation rates of fibroblasts from the oral lining and masticatory mucosae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human fibroblasts were retrieved from the posterior masticatory hard palate and the lining alveolar mucosa of five individuals. The gene expression profile was evaluated using total RNA sequencing. The proliferation rate was determined colorimetrically. RESULTS Substantial differences in specific gene groups and pathways were observed between fibroblasts from the two tissues. Significantly enriched gene ontology processes were focused on the extracellular components. Lining mucosa fibroblasts exhibited significantly higher expression of the principal structural collagens, cranial neural crest markers, and homeobox genes associated with positional memory. Masticatory mucosa fibroblasts showed greater expression of genes related to transforming growth factor-β signalling, which may be associated with fibrosis. In addition, they expressed higher levels of the EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor and Toll-like receptor 1. Finally, masticatory mucosa fibroblasts exhibited a 10%-30% higher proliferation rate. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts from the lining and masticatory oral mucosae are phenotypically heterogeneous, presenting distinct gene expression profiles and proliferation rates. These features may contribute to their specific physiological functions and have relevance for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Kabakov
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Carlos E Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Plasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haya Meir
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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23
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Lim KM, Dayem AA, Choi Y, Lee Y, An J, Gil M, Lee S, Kwak HJ, Vellingirl B, Shin HJ, Cho SG. High Therapeutic and Esthetic Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Produced from the Stem Cells and Their Spheroids Cultured from Ocular Surgery-Derived Waste Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081292. [PMID: 34439540 PMCID: PMC8389225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are paracrine factors that mediate stem cell therapeutics. We aimed at evaluating the possible therapeutic and esthetic applications of EVs prepared from the waste human facial tissue-derived orbicularis oculi muscle stem cells (OOM-SCs). OOM-SCs were isolated from the ocular tissues (from elders and youngsters) after upper eyelid blepharoplasty or epiblepharon surgeries. EVs were prepared from the OOM-SCs (OOM-SC-EVs) and their three-dimensional spheroids. OOM-SCs showed a spindle-like morphology with trilineage differentiation capacity, positive expression of CD105, CD 90, and CD73, and negative expression of CD45 and CD34, and their stem cell properties were compared with other adult mesenchymal stem cells. OOM-SC-EVs showed a high inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells by blocking tyrosinase activity. OOM-SC-EVs treatment led to a significant attenuation of senescence-associated changes, a decrease in reactive oxygen species generation, and an upregulation of antioxidant genes. We demonstrated the regeneration activity of OOM-SC-EVs in in vitro wound healing of normal human dermal fibroblasts and upregulation of anti-wrinkle-related genes and confirmed the therapeutic potential of OOM-SC-EVs in the healing of the in vivo wound model. Our study provides promising therapeutic and esthetic applications of OOM-SC-EVs, which can be obtained from the ocular surgery-derived waste human facial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Lim
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Yujin Choi
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Jongyub An
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Soobin Lee
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Hee Jeong Kwak
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Balachandar Vellingirl
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641-046, India;
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.S.); (S.-G.C.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.M.L.); (A.A.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.A.); (M.G.); (S.L.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.S.); (S.-G.C.)
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24
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Xu H, Ma G, Mu F, Ning B, Li H, Wang N. STAT3 Partly Inhibits Cell Proliferation via Direct Negative Regulation of FST Gene Expression. Front Genet 2021; 12:678667. [PMID: 34239543 PMCID: PMC8259742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.678667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a secretory glycoprotein and belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. Previously, we found that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of sheep FST gene were significantly associated with wool quality traits in Chinese Merino sheep (Junken type), indicating that FST is involved in the regulation of hair follicle development and hair trait formation. The transcription regulation of human and mouse FST genes has been widely investigated, and many transcription factors have been identified to regulate FST gene. However, to date, the transcriptional regulation of sheep FST is largely unknown. In the present study, genome walking was used to close the genomic gap upstream of the sheep genomic FST gene and to obtain the FST gene promoter sequence. Transcription factor binding site analysis showed sheep FST promoter region contained a conserved putative binding site for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), located at nucleotides -423 to -416 relative to the first nucleotide (A, +1) of the initiation codon (ATG) of sheep FST gene. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that STAT3 inhibited the FST promoter activity and that the mutation of the putative STAT3 binding site attenuated the inhibitory effect of STAT3 on the FST promoter activity. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) exhibited that STAT3 is directly bound to the FST promoter. Cell proliferation assay displayed that FST and STAT3 played opposite roles in cell proliferation. Overexpression of sheep FST significantly promoted the proliferation of sheep fetal fibroblasts (SFFs) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and overexpression of sheep STAT3 displayed opposite results, which was accompanied by a significantly reduced expression of FST gene (P < 0.05). Taken together, STAT3 directly negatively regulates sheep FST gene and depresses cell proliferation. Our findings may contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms that underlie hair follicle development and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangwei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Fang Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bolin Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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25
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Kong L, Xu X, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang H, Chen B, Zhou Z. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve chronic pancreatitis in rats via the AKT-mTOR-S6K1 signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1986-1996. [PMID: 34047671 PMCID: PMC8806739 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1928441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease. In clinical treatment, many patients cannot get a timely diagnosis and effective treatment due to the lack of early diagnosis indicators. Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and have broad application prospects in treating auto-immune diseases and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) in the treatment of CP. The rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in each group: control group, CP group, CP + HUCMSCs-treated group I, and CP + HUCMSCs-treated group II. We evaluated the levels of inflammatory factors, fibrosis and apoptosis markers, detected the protein expression levels of AKT-mTOR-S6K1 and assessed histological changes of the pancreas. The results showed that HUCMSCs not only inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and activation of pancreatic stellate cells but also suppressed the apoptosis of acinar cells. Further investigation revealed that HUCMSCs noticeably suppressed the AKT-mTOR-S6K1 pathway in the pancreatic tissue of DBTC-induced CP. In addition, the therapeutic effect of HUCMSCs injected into the inferior vena cava and left gastric artery in the CP model was also observed, thus providing the basis for the clinical application of intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangxiang Xu
- Ophthalmology Department, The Yiling Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxu Zhou
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Identification and characterisation of maternal perivascular SUSD2 + placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:803-815. [PMID: 33961124 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that meet the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria are obtained from placental tissue by plastic adherence. Historically, no known single marker was available for isolating placental MSCs (pMSCs) from the decidua basalis. As the decidua basalis is derived from the regenerative endometrium, we hypothesised that SUSD2, an endometrial perivascular MSC marker, would purify maternal perivascular pMSC. Perivascular pMSCs were isolated from the maternal placenta using SUSD2 magnetic bead sorting and assessed for the colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F), surface markers, and in vitro differentiation into mesodermal lineages. Multi-colour immunofluorescence was used to colocalise SUSD2 and α-SMA, a perivascular marker in the decidua basalis. Placental stromal cell suspensions comprised 5.1%SUSD2+ cells. SUSD2 magnetic bead sorting of the placental stromal cells increased their purity approximately two-fold. SUSD2+ pMSCs displayed greater CFU-F activity than SUSD2- stromal fibroblasts (pSFs). However, both SUSD2+ pMSC and SUSD2- pSF underwent mesodermal differentiation in vitro, and both expressed the ISCT surface markers. Higher percentages of cultured SUSD2+ pMSCs expressed the perivascular markers CD146, CD140b, and SUSD2 than SUSD2- pSFs. These findings suggest that SUSD2 is a single marker that enriches maternal pMSCs, suggesting they may originate from eMSC. Placental decidua basalis can be used as an alternative source of MSC for clinical translation in situations where there is no access to endometrial tissue.
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27
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Kindler V, Paccaud J, Hannouche D, Laumonier T. Human myoblasts differentiate in various mesenchymal lineages and inhibit allogeneic T cell proliferation through an indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112586. [PMID: 33839146 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSC) are considered as a reliable source of therapeutic cells to restore diseased muscles. However in most cases, injected MuSC-derived myoblasts are rapidly destroyed by the host immune response, which impairs the beneficial effect. By contrast, human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), have been reported to exhibit potent immune regulatory functions. Thus, we investigated, in vitro, the multipotent differentiation- and immunosuppressive capacities of human myoblasts and compared these features with those of human MSC. Myoblasts shared numerous cell surface markers with MSC, including CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD146. Both cell type were negative for HLA-DR and CD45, CD34 and CD31. CD56, a myogenic marker, was expressed by myoblasts exclusively. Myoblasts displayed multipotent potential capabilities with differentiation in chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts in vitro. Myoblasts also inhibited allogenic T cell proliferation in vitro in a dose dependent manner, very similarly to MSC. This effect was partly mediated via the activation of indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase enzyme (IDO) after IFNγ exposure. Altogether, these data demonstrate that human myoblasts can differentiate in various mesenchymal linages and exhibit powerful immunosuppressive properties in vitro. Such features may open new therapeutic strategies for MuSC-derived myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Kindler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joris Paccaud
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hannouche
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Laumonier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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28
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Dubon M, Lee S, Park JH, Lee JY, Kang D. The Role of Melanotransferrin (CD228) in the regulation of the differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM-MSC). Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1580-1591. [PMID: 33746574 PMCID: PMC7976559 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanotransferrin (CD228), firstly reported as a melanoma-associated antigen, is a membrane-bound glycoprotein of an iron-binding transferrin homolog. CD228 was found to be expressed significantly higher in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) than in human embryonic fibroblasts (FB) by RT-PCR, western blotting and flow cytometry. The expression of CD228 declined in aged hBM-MSC as osteogenesis-related genes did. We examined a possible role for CD228 in the regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis of hBM-MSC. Surprisingly, siRNA-mediated CD228 knockdown increased the expression of the transcription factor DLX5 and enhanced osteogenesis of hBM-MSC evidenced by an increased expression of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (Osx), and osteocalcin (OC), as well as higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular calcium deposition. Interestingly, hBM-MSC transfected with CD228 siRNA also showed an increase in intracellular lipid level during adipogenesis, indicated by oil red O staining of differentiated adipocytes. Overall, our study unveils CD228 as a cell surface molecule expressed by young hBM-MSC, but not by FB. It also provides evidence to suggest a role for CD228 as a negative regulator of osteogenesis and of lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in hBM-MSC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dubon
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooho Lee
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Park
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchul Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
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29
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Cultured cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts express Sushi Containing Domain 2 and assemble a unique fibronectin rich matrix. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112489. [PMID: 33453237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts assemble and maintain extracellular matrix during normal development and following injury. Culture expansion of these cells yield a bioengineered matrix that could lead to intriguing therapeutic opportunities. For example, we reported that cultured rat cardiac fibroblasts form a matrix that can be used to delivery therapeutic stem cells. Furthermore, we reported that matrix derived from cultured human cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts converted monocytes into macrophages that express interesting anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. Expanding these matrix investigations require characterization of the source cells for quality control. In these efforts, we observed and herein report that Sushi Containing Domain 2 (SUSD2) is a novel and consistent marker for cultured human cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblasts.
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30
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Chou YR, Lo WC, Dubey NK, Lu JH, Liu HY, Tsai CY, Deng YH, Wu CM, Huang MS, Deng WP. Platelet-derived biomaterials-mediated improvement of bone injury through migratory ability of embryonic fibroblasts: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3605-3617. [PMID: 33461165 PMCID: PMC7906152 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bony injuries lead to compromised skeletal functional ability which further increase in aging population due to decreased bone mineral density. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of platelet-derived biomaterials (PDB) against bone injury. Specifically, we assessed the impact of PDB on osteo-inductive characteristics and migration of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Osteogenic lineage, matrix mineralization and cell migration were determined by gene markers (RUNX2, OPN and OCN), alizarin Red S staining, and migration markers (FAK, pFAK and Src) and EMT markers, respectively. The therapeutic impact of TGF-β1, a key component of PDB, was confirmed by employing inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I (Ti). Molecular imaging-based in vivo cellular migration in mice was determined by establishing bone injury at right femurs. Results showed that PDB markedly increased expression of osteogenic markers, matrix mineralization, migration and EMT markers, revealing higher osteogenic and migratory potential of PDB-treated MEFs. In vivo cell migration was manifested by expression of migratory factors, SDF-1 and CXCR4. Compared to control, PDB-treated mice exhibited higher bone density and volume. Ti treatment inhibited both migration and osteogenic potential of MEFs, affirming impact of TGF-β1. Collectively, our study clearly indicated PDB-rescued bone injury through enhancing migratory potential of MEFs and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ru Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hua Lu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Yu Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Hua Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Wu
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Suan Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Fernández Muñoz B, Lopez-Navas L, Gonzalez Bermejo M, Lomas Romero IM, Montiel Aguilera MÁ, Campos Cuerva R, Arribas Arribas B, Nogueras S, Carmona Sánchez G, Santos González M. A PROPRIETARY GMP HUMAN PLATELET LYSATE FOR THE EXPANSION OF DERMAL FIBROBLASTS FOR CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. Platelets 2021; 33:98-109. [PMID: 33393414 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1856356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the introduction of ex vivo expanded dermal fibroblasts for several cell therapy and tissue-engineering applications, including the treatment of facial scars and burns, representing a promising cell type for regenerative medicine. We tested different in-house produced human platelet lysate (HPL) solutions against fetal bovine serum as supplements for in vitro fibroblast expansion by comparing cell yield, molecular marker expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) generation, genomic stability and global gene expression. Our in-house produced HPL supported fibroblast growth at levels similar to those for FBS and commercial HPL products and was superior to AB human serum. Cells grown in HPL maintained a fibroblast phenotype (VIM+, CD44+, CD13+, CD90+), ECM generation capacity (FN+, COL1+) and a normal karyotype, although gene expression profiling revealed changes related to cell metabolism, adhesion and cellular senescence. The HPL manufacturing process was validated within a GMP compliant system and the solution was stable at -80ºC and -20ºC for 2 years. Dermal fibroblasts expanded in vitro with HPL maintain a normal karyotype and expression of fibroblast markers, with only minor changes in their global gene expression profile. Our in-house produced GMP-HPL is an efficient, safe and economical cell culture supplement that can help increase the healthcare activity of blood transfusion centers through the re-use of transfusional plasma and platelets approaching their expiration date. Currently, our HPL solution is approved by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices and is being used in the manufacture of cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Neurociencia Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla (IBIS), Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Lopez-Navas
- Unidad de Coordinación, Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain
| | - María Gonzalez Bermejo
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Program in Biología Molecular, Biomedicina e Investigación Clínica, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel María Lomas Romero
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Montiel Aguilera
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Campos Cuerva
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Program in Biología Molecular, Biomedicina e Investigación Clínica, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Transfusiones, Tejidos y Células de Sevilla (CTTS), Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud en Sevilla (FISEVI), Seville, Spain
| | - Blanca Arribas Arribas
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Program in Pharmaceutical Technology and Medicine Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Nogueras
- Departamento de Terapia Celular, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Gloria Carmona Sánchez
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Unidad de Coordinación, Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Santos González
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Transfusiones, Tejidos y Células de Sevilla (CTTS), Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud en Sevilla (FISEVI), Seville, Spain
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Naso G, Petrova A. Cellular therapy options for genetic skin disorders with a focus on recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Br Med Bull 2020; 136:30-45. [PMID: 32888294 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combinatorial cell and gene therapies for life-threatening inherited skin disorders have shown tremendous potential for preclinical and clinical implementation with significant progress made for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). To date, various cell lineages including resident skin cells and adult stem cells have been investigated for gene and cell therapy for RDEB reaching the clinical trial stage. SOURCES OF DATA Sources of data are key recent literature, ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinicaltrialsregister.eu and pharma press releases. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Cell-based gene transfer using autologous patients' cells has demonstrated positive outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials and highlighted the importance of targeting resident skin stem cells to achieve a meaningful long-term effect. Additionally, adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, have the potential to ameliorate systemic manifestations of the disease. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY While proven safe, the clinical trials of localized treatment have reported only modest and transient improvements. On the other hand, the risks associated with systemic therapies remain high and should be carefully weighed against the potential benefits. It is unclear to what extent adult stem cells can contribute to skin regeneration/wound healing. GROWING POINTS Further research is warranted in order to fulfil the potential of cellular therapies for RDEB. The development of combinatorial gene and cell-based approaches is required to achieve long-term clinical benefits. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Induced pluripotent stem cells can potentially provide a valuable source of autologous patient material for cellular therapies. In addition, recent advances in the field of gene editing can overcome hurdles associated with conventional gene addition approaches. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT No new data were generated or analysed in support of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Naso
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anastasia Petrova
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Rahimifard M, Baeeri M, Bahadar H, Moini-Nodeh S, Khalid M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Mohammadian H, Abdollahi M. Therapeutic Effects of Gallic Acid in Regulating Senescence and Diabetes; an In Vitro Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245875. [PMID: 33322612 PMCID: PMC7763304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a plant-derived ubiquitous secondary polyphenol metabolite, can be a useful dietary supplement. This in vitro study’s primary purpose was to assess the anti-aging properties of GA using rat embryonic fibroblast (REF) cells, antidiabetic effects via pancreatic islet cells, and finally, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this natural compound. REF and islet cells were isolated from fetuses and pancreas of rats, respectively. Then, several senescence-associated molecular and biochemical parameters, along with antidiabetic markers, were investigated. GA caused a significant decrease in the β-galactosidase activity and reduced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in REF cells. GA reduced the G0/G1 phase in senescent REF cells that led cells to G2/M. Besides, GA improved the function of the β cells. Flow cytometry and spectrophotometric analysis showed that it reduces apoptosis via inhibiting caspase-9 activity. Taken together, based on the present findings, this polyphenol metabolite at low doses regulates different pathways of senescence and diabetes through its antioxidative stress potential and modulation of mitochondrial complexes activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151 Tehran, Iran; (M.R.); (S.M.-N.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151 Tehran, Iran; (M.R.); (S.M.-N.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Haji Bahadar
- Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan;
| | - Shermineh Moini-Nodeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151 Tehran, Iran; (M.R.); (S.M.-N.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151 Tehran, Iran; (M.R.); (S.M.-N.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 5618953141 Ardabil, Iran;
| | - Hossein Mohammadian
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151 Tehran, Iran; (M.R.); (S.M.-N.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151 Tehran, Iran; (M.R.); (S.M.-N.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.A.)
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Konyuschko OI, Ozherelkov SV, Vorovich MF, Ivanova AL, Sotskova SE, Ishmuhametov AA, Kozhevnikova TN, Sanin AV. Human Diploid Fibroblast Cell Lines - a Model System for Studying Immunodulatory Properties of Modern Immunobiological Drugs and Viruses. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 170:219-222. [PMID: 33269450 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of immunobiological drugs Glutoxim and Phosprenyl we well as vesicular stomatitis virus and inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine virus were studied using human diploid fibroblast cell line from the collection of M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products. All tested preparations exhibited immunomodulatory activity in human diploid fibroblast cell line. Glutoxim in doses of 0.1 and 0.25 μg/ml stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-10 during 24-48 h of culturing, but did not stimulate production of IL-1β. Phosprenyl, on the contrary, increased production of IL-1β and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Vesicular stomatitis virus stimulated the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, while inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine virus stimulated the production of cytokines IL-8 and IL-18. Immunomodulatory activity of inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine virus was first demonstrated in the in vitro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Konyuschko
- M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Ozherelkov
- M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M F Vorovich
- M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Ivanova
- M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Sotskova
- M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ishmuhametov
- M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - T N Kozhevnikova
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Sanin
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Gurung S, Ulrich D, Sturm M, Rosamilia A, Werkmeister JA, Gargett CE. Comparing the Effect of TGF-β Receptor Inhibition on Human Perivascular Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Endometrium, Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissues. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040261. [PMID: 33271899 PMCID: PMC7712261 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with therapeutic properties have been identified in many tissues. Their rarity necessitates extensive in vitro expansion, resulting in spontaneous differentiation, cellular senescence and apoptosis, producing therapeutic products with variable quality and decreased potency. We previously demonstrated that A83-01, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor inhibitor, maintained clonogenicity and promoted the potency of culture-expanded premenopausal endometrial MSCs using functional assays and whole-transcriptome sequencing. Here, we compared the effects of A83-01 on MSCs derived from postmenopausal endometrium, menstrual blood, placenta decidua-basalis, bone marrow and adipose tissue. Sushi-domain-containing-2 (SUSD2+) and CD34+CD31−CD45− MSCs were isolated. Expanded MSCs were cultured with or without A83-01 for 7 days and assessed for MSC properties. SUSD2 identified perivascular cells in the placental decidua-basalis, and their maternal origin was validated. A83-01 promoted MSC proliferation from all sources except bone marrow and only increased SUSD2 expression and prevented apoptosis in MSCs from endometrial-derived tissues. A83-01 only improved the cloning efficiency of postmenopausal endometrial MSCs (eMSCs), and expanded adipose tissue MSCs (adMSCs) underwent significant senescence, which was mitigated by A83-01. MSCs derived from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were highly apoptotic, but A83-01 was without effect. A83-01 maintained the function and phenotype in MSCs cultured from endometrial, but not other, tissues. Our results also demonstrated that cellular SUSD2 expression directly correlates with the functional phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Gurung
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-03-8572-2813
| | - Daniela Ulrich
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Marian Sturm
- Cell & Tissue Therapies WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anna Rosamilia
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jerome A. Werkmeister
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
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36
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MARS: discovering novel cell types across heterogeneous single-cell experiments. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1200-1206. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-00979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lippi M, Stadiotti I, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Human Cell Modeling for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6388. [PMID: 32887493 PMCID: PMC7503257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of appropriate and reliable in vitro cell models recapitulating human cardiovascular diseases has been the aim of numerous researchers, in order to retrace pathologic phenotypes, elucidate molecular mechanisms, and discover therapies using simple and reproducible techniques. In the past years, several human cell types have been utilized for these goals, including heterologous systems, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular primary cells, and embryonic stem cells. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation potential brought new prospects for large-scale cardiovascular experiments, bypassing ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells and providing an advanced tool for disease modeling, diagnosis, and therapy. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accessibility, maintenance, throughput, physiological relevance, recapitulation of the disease. A higher level of complexity in diseases modeling has been achieved with multicellular co-cultures. Furthermore, the important progresses reached by bioengineering during the last years, together with the opportunities given by pluripotent stem cells, have allowed the generation of increasingly advanced in vitro three-dimensional tissue-like constructs mimicking in vivo physiology. This review provides an overview of the main cell models used in cardiovascular research, highlighting the pros and cons of each, and describing examples of practical applications in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lippi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
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38
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Lucciola R, Vrljicak P, Gurung S, Filby C, Darzi S, Muter J, Ott S, Brosens JJ, Gargett CE. Impact of Sustained Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Inhibition on Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression in Cultured Human Endometrial MSC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567610. [PMID: 32984350 PMCID: PMC7490520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) drive the extraordinary regenerative capacity of the human endometrium. Clinical application of eMSC for therapeutic purposes is hampered by spontaneous differentiation and cellular senescence upon large-scale expansion in vitro. A83-01, a selective transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGFβ-R) inhibitor, promotes expansion of eMSC in culture by blocking differentiation and senescence, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we combined RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to study the impact of sustained TGFβ-R inhibition on gene expression and chromatin architecture of eMSC. Treatment of primary eMSC with A83-01 for 5 weeks resulted in differential expression of 1,463 genes. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment of genes implicated in cell growth whereas extracellular matrix genes and genes involved in cell fate commitment were downregulated. ATAC-seq analysis demonstrated that sustained TGFβ-R inhibition results in opening and closure of 3,555 and 2,412 chromatin loci, respectively. Motif analysis revealed marked enrichment of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) binding sites, which was paralleled by the induction of RARB, encoding retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ). Selective RARβ inhibition attenuated proliferation and clonogenicity of A83-01 treated eMSC. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the gene networks and genome-wide chromatin changes that underpin maintenance of an undifferentiated phenotype of eMSC in prolonged culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Lucciola
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Pavle Vrljicak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Shanti Gurung
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caitlin Filby
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Saeedeh Darzi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Muter
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Ott
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J. Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Warwick Medical School, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Exosomes derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorate adult bone loss in mice through promoting osteogenesis. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:455-466. [PMID: 32656578 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free based therapy is an effective strategy in regenerative medicine as it avoids controversial issues, such as immunomodulation and stability. Recently, exosomes have been explored as a favorable substitution for stem cell therapy as they exhibit multiple advantages, such as the ability to be endocytosed and innate biocompatibility. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)-derived exosomes (SHED-Exo) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis and bone recovery. SHED-Exo were isolated, characterized, and applied to the bone loss area caused by periodontitis in a mouse model. We found that the injection of SHED-Exo restored bone loss to the same extent as original stem cells. Without affecting BMSCs proliferation, SHED-Exo mildly inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, SHED-Exo specifically promoted BMSCs osteogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis compared with SHED-derived conditioned medium. The expression of osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Alizarin Red S staining of BMSCs was significantly increased by co-culturing with SHED-Exo. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that Runx2, a key transcriptional factor in osteogenic differentiation, and p-Smad5 were upregulated upon SHED-Exo stimulation. Expression of the adipogenic marker PPARγ and the amount of lipid droplets decreased when exosomes were present. Low doses of exosomes inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. In conclusion, SHED-Exo directly promoted BMSCs osteogenesis, differentiation, and bone formation. Therefore, exosomes have the potential to be utilized in the treatment of periodontitis and other bone diseases.
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Bozorgmehr M, Gurung S, Darzi S, Nikoo S, Kazemnejad S, Zarnani AH, Gargett CE. Endometrial and Menstrual Blood Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Biological Properties and Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:497. [PMID: 32742977 PMCID: PMC7364758 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly proliferative mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population was recently discovered in the dynamic, cyclically regenerating human endometrium as clonogenic stromal cells that fulfilled the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria. Specific surface markers enriching for clonogenic endometrial MSC (eMSC), CD140b and CD146 co-expression, and the single marker SUSD2, showed their perivascular identity in the endometrium, including the layer which sheds during menstruation. Indeed, cells with MSC properties have been identified in menstrual fluid and commonly termed menstrual blood stem/stromal cells (MenSC). MenSC are generally retrieved from menstrual fluid as plastic adherent cells, similar to bone marrow MSC (bmMSC). While eMSC and MenSC share several biological features with bmMSC, they also show some differences in immunophenotype, proliferation and differentiation capacities. Here we review the phenotype and functions of eMSC and MenSC, with a focus on recent studies. Similar to other MSC, eMSC and MenSC exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory impacts on key cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. These include macrophages, T cells and NK cells, both in vitro and in small and large animal models. These properties suggest eMSC and MenSC as additional sources of MSC for cell therapies in regenerative medicine as well as immune-mediated disorders and inflammatory diseases. Their easy acquisition via an office-based biopsy or collected from menstrual effluent makes eMSC and MenSC attractive sources of MSC for clinical applications. In preparation for clinical translation, a serum-free culture protocol was established for eMSC which includes a small molecule TGFβ receptor inhibitor that prevents spontaneous differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, maintains the clonogenic SUSD2+ population and enhances their potency, suggesting potential for cell-therapies and regenerative medicine. However, standardization of MenSC isolation protocols and culture conditions are major issues requiring further research to maximize their potential for clinical application. Future research will also address crucial safety aspects of eMSC and MenSC to ensure these protocols produce cell products free from tumorigenicity and toxicity. Although a wealth of data on the biological properties of eMSC and MenSC has recently been published, it will be important to address their mechanism of action in preclinical models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shanti Gurung
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Saeedeh Darzi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shohreh Nikoo
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Nanobitechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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41
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Cheung TS, Bertolino GM, Giacomini C, Bornhäuser M, Dazzi F, Galleu A. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Graft Versus Host Disease: Mechanism-Based Biomarkers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1338. [PMID: 32670295 PMCID: PMC7330053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive activity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in graft versus host disease (GvHD) is well-documented, but their therapeutic benefit is rather unpredictable. Prospective randomized clinical trials remain the only means to address MSC clinical efficacy. However, the imperfect understanding of MSC biological mechanisms has undermined patients' stratification and the successful design of clinical studies. Furthermore, although MSC efficacy seems to be dependent on patient-associated factors, the role of patients' signature to predict and/or monitor clinical outcomes remains poorly elucidated. The analysis of GvHD patient serum has identified a set of molecules that are associated with high mortality. However, despite their importance in defining GvHD severity, their role in predicting or monitoring response to MSCs has not been confirmed. A new perspective on the use of MSCs for GvHD has been prompted by the recent findings that MSCs are actively induced to undergo apoptosis by recipient cytotoxic cells and that this process is essential to initiate MSC-induced immunosuppression. This discovery has not only reconciled the conundrum between MSC efficacy and their lack of engraftment, but also highlighted the determinant role of the patient in promoting and delivering MSC immunosuppression. In this review we will revisit the extensive use of MSCs for the treatment of GvHD and will elaborate on the need that future clinical trials must depend on mechanistic approaches that facilitate the development of robust and consistent assays to stratify patients and monitor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tik Shing Cheung
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences and KHP Cancer Research UK Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuliana Minani Bertolino
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences and KHP Cancer Research UK Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences and KHP Cancer Research UK Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences and KHP Cancer Research UK Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Galleu
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences and KHP Cancer Research UK Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Ledesma-Martínez E, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Santiago-Osorio E. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Elderly Patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1351-1358. [PMID: 30289440 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) grafting is a highly promising alternative strategy for periodontal regeneration in periodontitis, which is one of the primary causes of tooth loss in the elderly. However, aging progressively decreases the proliferative and differentiation potential of MSCs and diminishes their regenerative capacity, which represents a limiting factor for their endogenous use in elderly patients. Therefore, tissue regeneration therapy with MSCs in this age group may require a cellular source without the physiological limitations that MSCs exhibit in aging. In this sense, exogenous or allogeneic MSCs could have a better chance of success in regenerating periodontal tissue in elderly patients. This review examines and synthesizes recent data in support of the use of MSCs for periodontal regenerative therapy in patients. Additionally, we analyze the progress of the therapeutic use of exogenous MSCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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43
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Huang H, Brekken RA. Recent advances in understanding cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C233-C243. [PMID: 32432930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00079.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a devastating disease with a poor survival rate. It is resistant to therapy in part due to its unique tumor microenvironment, characterized by a desmoplastic reaction resulting in a dense stroma that constitutes a large fraction of the tumor volume. A major contributor to the desmoplastic reaction are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs actively interact with cancer cells and promote tumor progression by different mechanisms, including extracellular matrix deposition, remodeling, and secretion of tumor promoting factors, making CAFs an attractive target for PDA. However, emerging evidences indicate significant tumor-suppressive functions of CAFs, highlighting the complexity of CAF biology. CAFs were once considered as a uniform cell type within the cancer stroma. Recently, the existence of CAF heterogeneity in PDA has become appreciated. Due to advances in single cell technology, distinct subtypes of CAFs have been identified in PDA. Here we review recent updates in CAF biology in PDA, which may help develop effective CAF-targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocong Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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Hirashima S, Ohta K, Kanazawa T, Togo A, Tsuneyoshi R, Miyazono Y, Kusukawa J, Nakamura KI. Correlative imaging of collagen fibers and fibroblasts using CLEM optimized for picrosirius red staining and FIB/SEM tomography. Microscopy (Oxf) 2020; 69:324-329. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Conventional imaging for three-dimensional (3D) ultra-architectural analysis of collagen fibers and fibroblasts is time-consuming and requires numerous ultrathin sections to search the target area. Currently, no method allows 3D ultra-architectural analysis of predetermined areas including spatial relationships between collagen fibers and fibroblasts in vitro. Herein, we developed a new method for in vitro analysis of the 3D ultrastructure of fibroblasts and collagen fibers using CLEM optimized for picrosirius red staining and FIB/SEM tomography. Collagen fibers were observed between, rather than on top of, stacked cells. This method offers the advantage of mesoscopic and ultrastructural analysis, thus minimizing bias and ensuring accurate observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hirashima
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tomonoshin Kanazawa
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akinobu Togo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Risa Tsuneyoshi
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyazono
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jingo Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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45
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Sveiven SN, Nordgren TM. Lung-resident mesenchymal stromal cells are tissue-specific regulators of lung homeostasis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L197-L210. [PMID: 32401672 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00049.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, data supporting the tissue-resident status of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has been ambiguous since their discovery in the 1950-60s. These progenitor cells were first discovered as bone marrow-derived adult multipotent cells and believed to migrate to sites of injury, opposing the notion that they are residents of all tissue types. In recent years, however, it has been demonstrated that MSC can be found in all tissues and MSC from different tissues represent distinct populations with differential protein expression unique to each tissue type. Importantly, these cells are efficient mediators of tissue repair, regeneration, and prove to be targets for therapeutics, demonstrated by clinical trials (phase 1-4) for MSC-derived therapies for diseases like graft-versus-host-disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease. The tissue-resident status of MSC found in the lung is a key feature of their importance in the context of disease and injuries of the respiratory system, since these cells could be instrumental to providing more specific and targeted therapies. Currently, bone marrow-derived MSC have been established in the treatment of disease, including diseases of the lung. However, with lung-resident MSC representing a unique population with a different phenotypic and gene expression pattern than MSC derived from other tissues, their role in remediating lung inflammation and injury could provide enhanced efficacy over bone marrow-derived MSC methods. Through this review, lung-resident MSC will be characterized, using previously published data, by surface markers, gene expression patterns, and compared with bone-marrow MSC to highlight similarities and, importantly, differences in these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Noel Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
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Cao Y, Wang X, Peng G. SCSA: A Cell Type Annotation Tool for Single-Cell RNA-seq Data. Front Genet 2020; 11:490. [PMID: 32477414 PMCID: PMC7235421 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently most methods take manual strategies to annotate cell types after clustering the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Such methods are labor-intensive and heavily rely on user expertise, which may lead to inconsistent results. We present SCSA, an automatic tool to annotate cell types from scRNA-seq data, based on a score annotation model combining differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and confidence levels of cell markers from both known and user-defined information. Evaluation on real scRNA-seq datasets from different sources with other methods shows that SCSA is able to assign the cells into the correct types at a fully automated mode with a desirable precision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gongxin Peng
- Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Miura Y, Kanazawa S. Osteochondrogenesis derived from synovial fibroblasts in inflammatory arthritis model. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:7. [PMID: 32377275 PMCID: PMC7193371 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic joint inflammation, which forms pannus with bone destruction. Bony ankylosis is also observed following inflammation; however, the mechanism behind this aberrant bone formation in RA had remained unclear. Based on our recent findings obtained using a novel arthritis model called D1BC mouse, we found that synovial fibroblasts in pannus consist of at least three different populations with the osteochondrogenic lineage being predominant. We also found endochondral ossification like that in embryonic bone development adjacent to invasive synovial fibroblasts. Such ectopic endochondral ossification leads to the failure of bone repair and results in ankylosis. In this review, we describe the character of synovial fibroblasts toward the osteochondrogenic lineage and ectopic endochondral ossification in an inflammatory arthritis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Miura
- Department of Neurodeveopmental Disorder Genetics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kanazawa
- Department of Neurodeveopmental Disorder Genetics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
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De Rosa L, Latella MC, Secone Seconetti A, Cattelani C, Bauer JW, Bondanza S, De Luca M. Toward Combined Cell and Gene Therapy for Genodermatoses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035667. [PMID: 31653644 PMCID: PMC7197428 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 200 monogenic, often devastating, skin diseases have been described. Because of unmet medical needs, development of long-lasting and curative therapies has been consistently attempted, with the aim of correcting the underlying molecular defect. In this review, we will specifically address the few combined cell and gene therapy strategies that made it to the clinics. Based on these studies, what can be envisioned for the future is a patient-oriented strategy, built on the specific features of the individual in need. Most likely, a combination of different strategies, approaches, and advanced therapies will be required to reach the finish line at the end of the long and winding road hampering the achievement of definitive treatments for genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Latella
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Secone Seconetti
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cattelani
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sergio Bondanza
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are among of the most studied cell type for cellular therapy thanks to the ease of isolation, cultivation, and the high
ex vivo expansion potential. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency finally granted the first marketing authorization for an MSC product. Despite the numerous promising results in preclinical studies, translation into routine practice still lags behind: therapeutic benefits of MSCs are not as satisfactory in clinical trial settings as they appear to be in preclinical models. The bench-to-bedside-and-back approach and careful evaluation of discrepancies between preclinical and clinical results have provided valuable insights into critical components of MSC manufacturing, their mechanisms of action, and how to evaluate and quality-control them. We sum up these past developments in the introductory section (“Mesenchymal stromal cells: name follows function”). From the huge amount of information, we then selected a few examples to illustrate challenges and opportunities to improve MSCs for clinical purposes. These include tissue origin of MSCs, MSC culture conditions, immune compatibility, and route of application and dosing. Finally, we add some information on MSC mechanisms of action and translation into potency assays and give an outlook on future perspectives raising the question of whether the future clinical product may be cell-based or cell-derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rendra
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Eleonora Scaccia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,FlowCore Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
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Abdal-Wahab M, Abdel Ghaffar KA, Ezzatt OM, Hassan AAA, El Ansary MMS, Gamal AY. Regenerative potential of cultured gingival fibroblasts in treatment of periodontal intrabony defects (randomized clinical and biochemical trial). J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:441-452. [PMID: 32080858 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defective cellular elements constitute an important challenge to achieve predictable periodontal regeneration. In an attempt to improve the cellularity of periodontal defects, gingival fibroblasts were implanted without their associated extracellular elements in periodontal defects to expose them to periodontal tissue mediators. In order to investigate the regenerative potential of gingival fibroblasts translocated into periodontal defects, the present study was designed to clinically and biochemically investigate the use of gingival fibroblasts (GF) and their associated mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. METHODS A total of 20 subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). Group I: ten patients were included with ten intrabony periodontal defects that received β-calcium triphosphate (β-TCP) followed by collagen membrane defect coverage, while group II: (10 patients) ten periodontal defects received cultured gingival fibroblasts (GF) on the β-TCP scaffold and covered by a collagen membrane. The clinical evaluation was carried out at the beginning and at 6 months. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected directly from the test sites for the quantitative measurement of PDGF-BB and BMP-2 using the ELISA kit at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. RESULTS Group II reported a significantly greater reduction in vertical pocket depth (VPD) and CAL gain compared with group I after 6 months. Radiographic bone gain was statistically higher in group II compared with group I. A significantly higher concentration of PDGF-BB was observed in group II on days 1, 3, and 7 compared with group I. CONCLUSIONS Translocation of gingival fibroblasts from gingival tissue to periodontal defects could be a promising option that increases cellular elements with regeneration potential. The concept of total isolation of gingival fibroblasts using occlusive membranes must be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahetab Abdal-Wahab
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ola M Ezzatt
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed Y Gamal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nahda University, Cairo, Egypt
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