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Baro B, Kim CY, Lin C, Kongsomboonvech AK, Tetard M, Peterson NA, Salinas ND, Tolia NH, Egan ES. Plasmodium falciparum exploits CD44 as a coreceptor for erythrocyte invasion. Blood 2023; 142:2016-2028. [PMID: 37832027 PMCID: PMC10783654 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum invades and replicates asexually within human erythrocytes. CD44 expressed on erythrocytes was previously identified as an important host factor for P falciparum infection through a forward genetic screen, but little is known about its regulation or function in these cells, nor how it may be used by the parasite. We found that CD44 can be efficiently deleted from primary human hematopoietic stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and that the efficiency of ex vivo erythropoiesis to enucleated cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) is not affected by lack of CD44. However, the rate of P falciparum invasion was reduced in CD44-null cRBCs relative to isogenic wild-type control cells, validating CD44 as an important host factor for this parasite. We identified 2 P falciparum invasion ligands as binding partners for CD44, erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175) and EBA-140 and demonstrated that their ability to bind to human erythrocytes relies primarily on their canonical receptors, glycophorin A and glycophorin C, respectively. We further show that EBA-175 induces phosphorylation of erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins in a CD44-dependent manner. Our findings support a model in which P falciparum exploits CD44 as a coreceptor during invasion of human erythrocytes, stimulating CD44-dependent phosphorylation of host cytoskeletal proteins that alter host cell deformability and facilitate parasite entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baro
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chi Yong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Carrie Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Marilou Tetard
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Nichole D. Salinas
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Niraj H. Tolia
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth S. Egan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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2
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Baro-Sastre B, Kim CY, Lin C, Kongsomboonvech AK, Tetard M, Salinas ND, Tolia NH, Egan ES. Plasmodium falciparum exploits CD44 as a co-receptor for erythrocyte invasion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.12.536503. [PMID: 37090581 PMCID: PMC10120705 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum invades and replicates asexually within human erythrocytes. CD44 expressed on erythrocytes was previously identified as an important host factor for P. falciparum infection through a forward genetic screen, but little is known about its regulation or function in these cells, nor how it may be utilized by the parasite. We found that CD44 can be efficiently deleted from primary human hematopoietic stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and that the efficiency of ex-vivo erythropoiesis to enucleated cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) is not impacted by lack of CD44. However, the rate of P. falciparum invasion was substantially reduced in CD44-null cRBCs relative to isogenic wild-type (WT) control cells, validating CD44 as an important host factor for this parasite. We identified two P. falciparum invasion ligands as binding partners for CD44, Erythrocyte Binding Antigen-175 (EBA-175) and EBA-140, and demonstrated that their ability to bind to human erythrocytes relies primarily on their canonical receptors-glycophorin A and glycophorin C, respectively. We further show that EBA-175 induces phosphorylation of erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins in a CD44-dependent manner. Our findings support a model where P. falciparum exploits CD44 as a co-receptor during invasion of human erythrocytes, stimulating CD44-dependent phosphorylation of host cytoskeletal proteins that alter host cell deformability and facilitate parasite entry.
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3
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The Role of Cytoskeleton Protein 4.1 in Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043777. [PMID: 36835189 PMCID: PMC9961941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton protein 4.1 is an essential class of skeletal membrane protein, initially found in red blood cells, and can be classified into four types: 4.1R (red blood cell type), 4.1N (neuronal type), 4.1G (general type), and 4.1B (brain type). As research progressed, it was discovered that cytoskeleton protein 4.1 plays a vital role in cancer as a tumor suppressor. Many studies have also demonstrated that cytoskeleton protein 4.1 acts as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for tumors. Moreover, with the rise of immunotherapy, the tumor microenvironment as a treatment target in cancer has attracted great interest. Increasing evidence has shown the immunoregulatory potential of cytoskeleton protein 4.1 in the tumor microenvironment and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of cytoskeleton protein 4.1 within the tumor microenvironment in immunoregulation and cancer development, with the intention of providing a new approach and new ideas for future cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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4
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Salmen F, De Jonghe J, Kaminski TS, Alemany A, Parada GE, Verity-Legg J, Yanagida A, Kohler TN, Battich N, van den Brekel F, Ellermann AL, Arias AM, Nichols J, Hemberg M, Hollfelder F, van Oudenaarden A. High-throughput total RNA sequencing in single cells using VASA-seq. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1780-1793. [PMID: 35760914 PMCID: PMC9750877 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most methods for single-cell transcriptome sequencing amplify the termini of polyadenylated transcripts, capturing only a small fraction of the total cellular transcriptome. This precludes the detection of many long non-coding, short non-coding and non-polyadenylated protein-coding transcripts and hinders alternative splicing analysis. We, therefore, developed VASA-seq to detect the total transcriptome in single cells, which is enabled by fragmenting and tailing all RNA molecules subsequent to cell lysis. The method is compatible with both plate-based formats and droplet microfluidics. We applied VASA-seq to more than 30,000 single cells in the developing mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis. Analyzing the dynamics of the total single-cell transcriptome, we discovered cell type markers, many based on non-coding RNA, and performed in vivo cell cycle analysis via detection of non-polyadenylated histone genes. RNA velocity characterization was improved, accurately retracing blood maturation trajectories. Moreover, our VASA-seq data provide a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing during mammalian development, which highlighted substantial rearrangements during blood development and heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Salmen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joachim De Jonghe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tomasz S Kaminski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Alemany
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Joe Verity-Legg
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Battich
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris van den Brekel
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna L Ellermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfonso Martinez Arias
- Systems Bioengineering, DCEXS, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88 ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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5
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Huisjes R, Satchwell TJ, Verhagen LP, Schiffelers RM, van Solinge WW, Toye AM, van Wijk R. Quantitative measurement of red cell surface protein expression reveals new biomarkers for hereditary spherocytosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:e74-e77. [PMID: 29746727 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Huisjes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T J Satchwell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L P Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W W van Solinge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A M Toye
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R van Wijk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Bartolmäs T, Mayer B, Balola AH, Salama A. Eryptosis in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Eur J Haematol 2017; 100:36-44. [PMID: 28960523 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Haemolysis and anaemia related to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) of warm type (wAIHA) and of cold type (cAIHA) are believed to be solely due to antibody and/or complement-mediated destruction and clearance of red blood cells (RBCs). There is evidence that RBCs of affected patients may also undergo eryptosis, the suicidal death of RBCs. METHOD RBCs from 24 patients with wAIHA, 7 patients with chronic cAIHA and one patient with AIHA of mixed type were analysed for exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) by treatment with phycoerythrin-labelled Annexin V, and cell-associated fluorescence was measured using a MACSQuant flow cytometer. RESULTS PS-exposing RBCs were detected in 7 of 13 patients with clinically significant wAIHA. Haemolysis was mostly related to IgM or IgA autoantibodies (aab) in those patients. In contrast, PS exposure in 11 patients with wAIHA in complete remission was comparable to that in healthy blood donors. All patients with chronic cAIHA and the patient with AIHA of mixed type showed haemolytic activity and high numbers of PS-exposing RBCs. Patients with decompensated AIHA appear to respond to treatment with erythropoietin, which is a known inhibitor of eryptosis. CONCLUSION Eryptosis may frequently occur in AIHA related to IgM or IgA aab. Inhibition of eryptosis with erythropoietin may represent a new therapeutic option in the treatment of AIHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Bartolmäs
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Mayer
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdelwahab H Balola
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdulgabar Salama
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Ning S, Kang Q, Fan D, Liu J, Xue C, Zhang X, Ding C, Zhang J, Peng Q, Ji Z. Protein 4.1R is Involved in the Transport of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Interaction with GATs in MEF Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 94:173-178. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ning
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Chaoyue Xue
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Cong Ding
- School of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology; The Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; University of Oslo; Montebello Oslo Norway
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
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8
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Zemlianskykh NG. Effect of substances with cryoprotective properties on surface marker CD44 in human erythrocytes. CYTOL GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452716030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Zemlianskykh NG, Babijchuk LA. CHANGES IN ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE MARKER CD44 DURING HYPOTHERMIC AND LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [PMID: 29537231 DOI: 10.15407/fz62.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the changes in surface marker CD44 in erythrocytes, cryopreserved under the protection of glycerol and PEG–1500, or stored in hypothermic conditions. It was shown that during hypothermic storage the CD44 characteristics in erythrocyte suspension were unchanged within 10 days. In cryopreserved erythrocytes a reduction in CD44–positive cells and in the level of expression of the surface marker were marked. Using PEG–1500 resulted in more pronounced change in erythrocyte CD44 characteristics after freeze–thawing in comparison with glycerol. Removal of cryoprotectants and the loss of a part of cells during the washing process led to the restoration of the CD44 characteristics in freeze–thawed erythrocytes suspension which successfully survived after the stresses. The results indicate that revealed changes in cryopreserved erythrocytes cover only a part of the cells, and they are associated with the instability of the population of erythrocytes with altered CD44 characteristics wherethrough after the removal of cryoprotectants with concomitant hemolysis of unstable cells the CD44 parameters in erythrocyte suspensions recovered. The mechanisms underlying the changes in the parameters of the surface marker CD44 in freeze–thawed erythrocyte may be related to the disruption of intermolecular interactions in the membrane under the influence of physical and chemical environmental factors, followed by the membrane vesiculation with the inclusion of the CD44 into the vesicles.
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10
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Azouzi S, Collec E, Mohandas N, An X, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C. The human Kell blood group binds the erythroid 4.1R protein: new insights into the 4.1R-dependent red cell membrane complex. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:862-71. [PMID: 26455906 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein 4.1R plays an important role in maintaining the mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane. We analysed the expression of Kell blood group protein in erythrocytes from a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis associated with complete 4.1R deficiency (4.1(-) HE). Flow cytometry and Western blot analyses revealed a severe reduction of Kell. In vitro pull down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments from erythrocyte membranes showed a direct interaction between Kell and 4.1R. Using different recombinant domains of 4.1R and the cytoplasmic domain of Kell, we demonstrated that the R(46) R motif in the juxta-membrane region of Kell binds to lobe B of the 4.1R FERM domain. We also observed that 4.1R deficiency is associated with a reduction of XK and DARC (also termed ACKR1) proteins, the absence of the glycosylated form of the urea transporter B and a slight decrease of band 3. The functional alteration of the 4.1(-) HE erythrocyte membranes was also determined by measuring various transport activities. We documented a slower rate of HCO3 (-) /Cl(-) exchange, but normal water and ammonia transport across erythrocyte membrane in the absence of 4.1. These findings provide novel insights into the structural organization of blood group antigen proteins into the 4.1R complex of the human red cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Azouzi
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel Collec
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yves Colin
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Bazzini C, Benedetti L, Civello D, Zanoni C, Rossetti V, Marchesi D, Garavaglia ML, Paulmichl M, Francolini M, Meyer G, Rodighiero S. ICln: a new regulator of non-erythroid 4.1R localisation and function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108826. [PMID: 25295618 PMCID: PMC4189953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To optimise the efficiency of cell machinery, cells can use the same protein (often called a hub protein) to participate in different cell functions by simply changing its target molecules. There are large data sets describing protein-protein interactions (“interactome”) but they frequently fail to consider the functional significance of the interactions themselves. We studied the interaction between two potential hub proteins, ICln and 4.1R (in the form of its two splicing variants 4.1R80 and 4.1R135), which are involved in such crucial cell functions as proliferation, RNA processing, cytoskeleton organisation and volume regulation. The sub-cellular localisation and role of native and chimeric 4.1R over-expressed proteins in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were examined. ICln interacts with both 4.1R80 and 4.1R135 and its over-expression displaces 4.1R from the membrane regions, thus affecting 4.1R interaction with ß-actin. It was found that 4.1R80 and 4.1R135 are differently involved in regulating the swelling activated anion current (ICl,swell) upon hypotonic shock, a condition under which both isoforms are dislocated from the membrane region and thus contribute to ICl,swell current regulation. Both 4.1R isoforms are also differently involved in regulating cell morphology, and ICln counteracts their effects. The findings of this study confirm that 4.1R plays a role in cell volume regulation and cell morphology and indicate that ICln is a new negative regulator of 4.1R functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bazzini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Benedetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Civello
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanoni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department (DISFARM), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Davide Marchesi
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Markus Paulmichl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Meyer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rodighiero
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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12
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Baines AJ, Lu HC, Bennett PM. The Protein 4.1 family: hub proteins in animals for organizing membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:605-19. [PMID: 23747363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the 4.1 family are characteristic of eumetazoan organisms. Invertebrates contain single 4.1 genes and the Drosophila model suggests that 4.1 is essential for animal life. Vertebrates have four paralogues, known as 4.1R, 4.1N, 4.1G and 4.1B, which are additionally duplicated in the ray-finned fish. Protein 4.1R was the first to be discovered: it is a major mammalian erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein, essential to the mechanochemical properties of red cell membranes because it promotes the interaction between spectrin and actin in the membrane cytoskeleton. 4.1R also binds certain phospholipids and is required for the stable cell surface accumulation of a number of erythrocyte transmembrane proteins that span multiple functional classes; these include cell adhesion molecules, transporters and a chemokine receptor. The vertebrate 4.1 proteins are expressed in most tissues, and they are required for the correct cell surface accumulation of a very wide variety of membrane proteins including G-Protein coupled receptors, voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels, as well as the classes identified in erythrocytes. Indeed, such large numbers of protein interactions have been mapped for mammalian 4.1 proteins, most especially 4.1R, that it appears that they can act as hubs for membrane protein organization. The range of critical interactions of 4.1 proteins is reflected in disease relationships that include hereditary anaemias, tumour suppression, control of heartbeat and nervous system function. The 4.1 proteins are defined by their domain structure: apart from the spectrin/actin-binding domain they have FERM and FERM-adjacent domains and a unique C-terminal domain. Both the FERM and C-terminal domains can bind transmembrane proteins, thus they have the potential to be cross-linkers for membrane proteins. The activity of the FERM domain is subject to multiple modes of regulation via binding of regulatory ligands, phosphorylation of the FERM associated domain and differential mRNA splicing. Finally, the spectrum of interactions of the 4.1 proteins overlaps with that of another membrane-cytoskeleton linker, ankyrin. Both ankyrin and 4.1 link to the actin cytoskeleton via spectrin, and we hypothesize that differential regulation of 4.1 proteins and ankyrins allows highly selective control of cell surface protein accumulation and, hence, function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
| | - Pauline M Bennett
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK.
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13
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Rho associated coiled-coil kinase-1 regulates collagen-induced phosphatidylserine exposure in platelets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84649. [PMID: 24358370 PMCID: PMC3865301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine mediates the platelet procoagulant activity during collagen stimulation. The Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 inhibits senescence induced but not activation induced phosphatidylserine exposure. To investigate further the specific mechanisms, we now utilized mice with genetic deletion of the ROCK1 isoform. Methods and Results ROCK1-deficient mouse platelets expose significantly more phosphatidylserine and generate more thrombin upon activation with collagen compared to wild-type platelets. There were no significant defects in platelet shape change, aggregation, or calcium response compared to wild-type platelets. Collagen-stimulated ROCK1-deficient platelets also displayed decreased phosphorylation levels of Lim Kinase-1 and cofilin-1. However, there was no reduction in phosphorylation levels of myosin phosphatase subunit-1 (MYPT1) or myosin light chain (MLC). In an invivo light/dye-induced endothelial injury/thrombosis model, ROCK1-deficient mice presented a shorter occlusion time in cremasteric venules when compared to wild-type littermates (3.16 ± 1.33 min versus 6.6 ± 2.6 min; p = 0.01). Conclusions These studies define ROCK1 as a new regulator for collagen-induced phosphatidylserine exposure in platelets with functional consequences on thrombosis. This effect was downstream of calcium signaling and was mediated by Lim Kinase-1 / cofilin-1-induced cytoskeletal changes.
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Malleret B, Xu F, Mohandas N, Suwanarusk R, Chu C, Leite JA, Low K, Turner C, Sriprawat K, Zhang R, Bertrand O, Colin Y, Costa FTM, Ong CN, Ng ML, Lim CT, Nosten F, Rénia L, Russell B. Significant biochemical, biophysical and metabolic diversity in circulating human cord blood reticulocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76062. [PMID: 24116088 PMCID: PMC3793000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition from enucleated reticulocytes to mature normocytes is marked by substantial remodeling of the erythrocytic cytoplasm and membrane. Despite conspicuous changes, most studies describe the maturing reticulocyte as a homogenous erythropoietic cell type. While reticulocyte staging based on fluorescent RNA stains such as thiazole orange have been useful in a clinical setting; these ‘sub-vital’ stains may confound delicate studies on reticulocyte biology and may preclude their use in heamoparasite invasion studies. Design and Methods Here we use highly purified populations of reticulocytes isolated from cord blood, sorted by flow cytometry into four sequential subpopulations based on transferrin receptor (CD71) expression: CD71high, CD71medium, CD71low and CD71negative. Each of these subgroups was phenotyped in terms of their, morphology, membrane antigens, biomechanical properties and metabolomic profile. Results Superficially CD71high and CD71medium reticulocytes share a similar gross morphology (large and multilobular) when compared to the smaller, smooth and increasingly concave reticulocytes as seen in the in the CD71low and CD71negativesamples. However, between each of the four sample sets we observe significant decreases in shear modulus, cytoadhesive capacity, erythroid receptor expression (CD44, CD55, CD147, CD235R, and CD242) and metabolite concentrations. Interestingly increasing amounts of boric acid was found in the mature reticulocytes. Conclusions Reticulocyte maturation is a dynamic and continuous process, confounding efforts to rigidly classify them. Certainly this study does not offer an alternative classification strategy; instead we used a nondestructive sampling method to examine key phenotypic changes of in reticulocytes. Our study emphasizes a need to focus greater attention on reticulocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Malleret
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Fenggao Xu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rossarin Suwanarusk
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Cindy Chu
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Juliana A. Leite
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rou Zhang
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivier Bertrand
- INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale), UMR-S (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Universite Paris 7–Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale), UMR-S (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Universite Paris 7–Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fabio T. M. Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mah Lee Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford-University Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
- * E-mail: (BR); (LR)
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- * E-mail: (BR); (LR)
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Siegl C, Hamminger P, Jank H, Ahting U, Bader B, Danek A, Gregory A, Hartig M, Hayflick S, Hermann A, Prokisch H, Sammler EM, Yapici Z, Prohaska R, Salzer U. Alterations of red cell membrane properties in neuroacanthocytosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76715. [PMID: 24098554 PMCID: PMC3789665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroacanthocytosis (NA) refers to a group of heterogenous, rare genetic disorders, namely chorea acanthocytosis (ChAc), McLeod syndrome (MLS), Huntington’s disease-like 2 (HDL2) and pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), that mainly affect the basal ganglia and are associated with similar neurological symptoms. PKAN is also assigned to a group of rare neurodegenerative diseases, known as NBIA (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation), associated with iron accumulation in the basal ganglia and progressive movement disorder. Acanthocytosis, the occurrence of misshaped erythrocytes with thorny protrusions, is frequently observed in ChAc and MLS patients but less prevalent in PKAN (about 10%) and HDL2 patients. The pathological factors that lead to the formation of the acanthocytic red blood cell shape are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether NA/NBIA acanthocytes differ in their functionality from normal erythrocytes. Several flow-cytometry-based assays were applied to test the physiological responses of the plasma membrane, namely drug-induced endocytosis, phosphatidylserine exposure and calcium uptake upon treatment with lysophosphatidic acid. ChAc red cell samples clearly showed a reduced response in drug-induced endovesiculation, lysophosphatidic acid-induced phosphatidylserine exposure, and calcium uptake. Impaired responses were also observed in acanthocyte-positive NBIA (PKAN) red cells but not in patient cells without shape abnormalities. These data suggest an “acanthocytic state” of the red cell where alterations in functional and interdependent membrane properties arise together with an acanthocytic cell shape. Further elucidation of the aberrant molecular mechanisms that cause this acanthocytic state may possibly help to evaluate the pathological pathways leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Siegl
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Hamminger
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Jank
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Ahting
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bader
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Allison Gregory
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Monika Hartig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susan Hayflick
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Esther M. Sammler
- Neurology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Zuhal Yapici
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rainer Prohaska
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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17
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Hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis: aberrant protein sorting during erythroblast enucleation. Blood 2010; 116:267-9. [PMID: 20339087 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-264127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During erythroblast enucleation, membrane proteins distribute between extruded nuclei and reticulocytes. In hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), deficiencies of membrane proteins, in addition to those encoded by the mutant gene, occur. Elliptocytes, resulting from protein 4.1R gene mutations, lack not only 4.1R but also glycophorin C, which links the cytoskeleton and bilayer. In HS resulting from ankyrin-1 mutations, band 3, Rh-associated antigen, and glycophorin A are deficient. The current study was undertaken to explore whether aberrant protein sorting, during enucleation, creates these membrane-spanning protein deficiencies. We found that although glycophorin C sorts to reticulocytes normally, it distributes to nuclei in 4.1R-deficient HE cells. Further, glycophorin A and Rh-associated antigen, which normally partition predominantly to reticulocytes, distribute to both nuclei and reticulocytes in an ankyrin-1-deficient murine model of HS. We conclude that aberrant protein sorting is one mechanistic basis for protein deficiencies in HE and HS.
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