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Mondal D, Shinde S, Paul S, Thakur S, Velu GSK, Tiwari AK, Dixit V, Amit A, Vishvakarma NK, Shukla D. Diagnostic significance of dysregulated miRNAs in T-cell malignancies and their metabolic roles. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1230273. [PMID: 37637043 PMCID: PMC10448964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1230273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell malignancy is a broad term used for a diverse group of disease subtypes representing dysfunctional malignant T cells transformed at various stages of their clonal evolution. Despite having similar clinical manifestations, these disease groups have different disease progressions and diagnostic parameters. The effective diagnosis and prognosis of such a diverse disease group demands testing of molecular entities that capture footprints of the disease physiology in its entirety. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of genes and, while doing so, leave behind specific miRNA signatures corresponding to cellular expression status in an altered stage of a disease. Using miRNAs as a diagnostic tool is justified, as they can effectively distinguish expressional diversity between various tumors and within subtypes of T-cell malignancies. As global attention for cancer diagnosis shifts toward liquid biopsy, diagnosis using miRNAs is more relevant in blood cancers than in solid tumors. We also lay forward the diagnostic significance of miRNAs that are indicative of subtype, progression, severity, therapy response, and relapse. This review discusses the potential use and the role of miRNAs, miRNA signatures, or classifiers in the diagnosis of major groups of T-cell malignancies like T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The review also briefly discusses major diagnostic miRNAs having prominent metabolic roles in these malignancies to highlight their importance among other dysregulated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sapnita Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Souvik Paul
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Suresh Thakur
- Centre for Excellence in Genomics, Trivitron Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India
| | - GSK Velu
- Centre for Excellence in Genomics, Trivitron Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India
| | - Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Bhawan Singh Porte Government College, Pendra, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vineeta Dixit
- Department of Botany, Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Namdhari College, Gharwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Bandini C, Mereu E, Paradzik T, Labrador M, Maccagno M, Cumerlato M, Oreglia F, Prever L, Manicardi V, Taiana E, Ronchetti D, D’Agostino M, Gay F, Larocca A, Besse L, Merlo GR, Hirsch E, Ciarrocchi A, Inghirami G, Neri A, Piva R. Lysin (K)-specific demethylase 1 inhibition enhances proteasome inhibitor response and overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:71. [PMID: 37563685 PMCID: PMC10413620 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy, accounting for approximately 1% of all cancers. Despite recent advances in the treatment of MM, due to the introduction of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) such as bortezomib (BTZ) and carfilzomib (CFZ), relapses and disease progression remain common. Therefore, a major challenge is the development of novel therapeutic approaches to overcome drug resistance, improve patient outcomes, and broaden PIs applicability to other pathologies. METHODS We performed genetic and drug screens to identify new synthetic lethal partners to PIs, and validated candidates in PI-sensitive and -resistant MM cells. We also tested best synthetic lethal interactions in other B-cell malignancies, such as mantle cell, Burkitt's and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We evaluated the toxicity of combination treatments in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). We confirmed the combo treatment' synergistic effects ex vivo in primary CD138+ cells from MM patients, and in different MM xenograft models. We exploited RNA-sequencing and Reverse-Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the synergy. RESULTS We identified lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) as a top candidate whose inhibition can synergize with CFZ treatment. LSD1 silencing enhanced CFZ sensitivity in both PI-resistant and -sensitive MM cells, resulting in increased tumor cell death. Several LSD1 inhibitors (SP2509, SP2577, and CC-90011) triggered synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with different PIs in MM and other B-cell neoplasms. CFZ/SP2509 treatment exhibited a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward PBMCs and BMSCs. We confirmed the clinical potential of LSD1-proteasome inhibition in primary CD138+ cells of MM patients, and in MM xenograft models, leading to the inhibition of tumor progression. DNA damage response (DDR) and proliferation machinery were the most affected pathways by CFZ/SP2509 combo treatment, responsible for the anti-tumoral effects. CONCLUSIONS The present study preclinically demonstrated that LSD1 inhibition could provide a valuable strategy to enhance PI sensitivity and overcome drug resistance in MM patients and that this combination might be exploited for the treatment of other B-cell malignancies, thus extending the therapeutic impact of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bandini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mereu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tina Paradzik
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Insitute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Labrador
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Maccagno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Cumerlato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Oreglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Prever
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Manicardi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenica Ronchetti
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Città Della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Gay
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Città Della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Larocca
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Città Della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Lenka Besse
- Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda-USL IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Roberto Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Roberto Piva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Città Della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Stainthorp AK, Lin CC, Wang D, Medhi R, Ahmed Z, Suen KM, Miska EA, Whitehouse A, Ladbury JE. Regulation of microRNA expression by the adaptor protein GRB2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9784. [PMID: 37328606 PMCID: PMC10276003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein interactions with the microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing protein Argonaute 2 (AGO2) control miRNA expression. miRNA biogenesis starts with the production of precursor transcripts and culminates with the loading of mature miRNA onto AGO2 by DICER1. Here we reveal an additional component to the regulatory mechanism for miRNA biogenesis involving the adaptor protein, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). The N-terminal SH3 domain of GRB2 is recruited to the PAZ domain of AGO2 forming a ternary complex containing GRB2, AGO2 and DICER1. Using small-RNA sequencing we identified two groups of miRNAs which are regulated by the binding of GRB2. First, mature and precursor transcripts of mir-17~92 and mir-221 miRNAs are enhanced. Second, mature, but not precursor, let-7 family miRNAs are diminished suggesting that GRB2 directly affects loading of these miRNAs. Notably, the resulting loss of let-7 augments expression of oncogenic targets such as RAS. Thus, a new role for GRB2 is established with implications for cancer pathogenesis through regulation of miRNA biogenesis and oncogene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Stainthorp
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Chi-Chuan Lin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dapeng Wang
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Ragini Medhi
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kin Man Suen
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eric A Miska
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Adrian Whitehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - John E Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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4
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Lone W, Bouska A, Sharma S, Amador C, Saumyaranjan M, Herek TA, Heavican TB, Yu J, Lim ST, Ong CK, Slack GW, Savage KJ, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Cook JR, Feldman AL, Rimsza LM, McKeithan TW, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Melle F, Motta G, Pileri S, Vose JM, Chan WC, Iqbal J. Genome-Wide miRNA Expression Profiling of Molecular Subgroups of Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6039-6053. [PMID: 34426436 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with aggressive clinical behavior. We performed comprehensive miRNA profiling in PTCLs and corresponding normal CD4+ Th1/2 and TFH-like polarized subsets to elucidate the role of miRNAs in T-cell lymphomagenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used nCounter (NanoString Inc) for miRNA profiling and validated using Taqman qRT-PCR (Applied Biosystems, Inc). Normal CD4+ T cells were polarized into effector Th subsets using signature cytokines, and miRNA significance was revealed using functional experiments. RESULTS Effector Th subsets showed distinct miRNA expression with corresponding transcription factor expression (e.g., BCL6/miR-19b, -106, -30d, -26b, in IL21-polarized; GATA3/miR-155, miR-337 in Th2-polarized; and TBX21/miR-181a, -331-3p in Th1-polarized cells). Integration of miRNA signatures suggested activation of TCR and PI3K signaling in IL21-polarized cells, ERK signaling in Th1-polarized cells, and AKT-mTOR signaling in Th2-polarized cells, validated at protein level. In neoplastic counterparts, distinctive miRNAs were identified and confirmed in an independent cohort. Integrative miRNA-mRNA analysis identified a decrease in target transcript abundance leading to deregulation of sphingolipid and Wnt signaling and epigenetic dysregulation in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), while ERK, MAPK, and cell cycle were identified in PTCL subsets, and decreased target transcript abundance was validated in an independent cohort. Elevated expression of miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-145-5p) in AITL was associated with poor clinical outcome. In silico and experimental validation suggest two targets (miR-126→ SIPR2 and miR-145 → ROCK1) resulting in reduced RhoA-GTPase activity and T-B-cell interaction. CONCLUSIONS Unique miRNAs and deregulated oncogenic pathways are associated with PTCL subtypes. Upregulated miRNA-126-3p and miR-145-5p expression regulate RhoA-GTPase and inhibit T-cell migration, crucial for AITL pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Alyssa Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sunandini Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mallick Saumyaranjan
- Institute of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tyler A Herek
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tayla B Heavican
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore/Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore/Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Graham W Slack
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kerry J Savage
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - James R Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lisa M Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Timothy C Greiner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie M Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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Jia Z, Xie Y, Wu H, Wang Z, Li A, Li Z, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Xing Z, Zhang X. Phlorizin from sweet tea inhibits the progress of esophageal cancer by antagonizing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:137. [PMID: 34036398 PMCID: PMC8165578 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorizin, an important member of the dihydrochalcone family, has been widely used as a Chinese Traditional Medicine for treatment of numerous diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of phlorizin on esophageal cancer. Phlorizin, extracted from sweet tea, was used to treat esophageal cancer cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, and wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the potential mechanism of phlorizin in the development of esophageal cancer. Fluorescent staining and flow cytometry was used to measure the level of apoptosis. The expression level of the proteins, P62/SQSTM1 and LC3 І/II, and the effect of phlorizin on the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was detected using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that phlorizin could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis showed that phlorizin might be involved in pleiotropic effects, such as the ‘JAK/STAT signaling pathway’ (hsa04630), ‘MAPK signaling pathway’(hsa04010) and ‘apoptosis’ (hsa04210). It was also confirmed that phlorizin promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in the esophageal cancer cells. Notably, phlorizin might inhibit the proteins in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which would affect cancer cells. Taken together, the present data showed that phlorizin inhibited the progression of esophageal cancer by antagonizing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxian Jia
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Xie
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiao Wu
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tangshan Gongren Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobin Xing
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
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IL10RA modulates crizotinib sensitivity in NPM1-ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood 2021; 136:1657-1669. [PMID: 32573700 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T-cell malignancy predominantly driven by a hyperactive anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein. ALK inhibitors, such as crizotinib, provide alternatives to standard chemotherapy with reduced toxicity and side effects. Children with lymphomas driven by nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)-ALK fusion proteins achieved an objective response rate to ALK inhibition therapy of 54% to 90% in clinical trials; however, a subset of patients progressed within the first 3 months of treatment. The mechanism for the development of ALK inhibitor resistance is unknown. Through genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) activation and knockout screens in ALCL cell lines, combined with RNA sequencing data derived from ALK inhibitor-relapsed patient tumors, we show that resistance to ALK inhibition by crizotinib in ALCL can be driven by aberrant upregulation of interleukin 10 receptor subunit alpha (IL10RA). Elevated IL10RA expression rewires the STAT3 signaling pathway, bypassing otherwise critical phosphorylation by NPM1-ALK. IL-10RA expression does not correlate with response to standard chemotherapy in pediatric patients, suggesting that a combination of crizotinib and chemotherapy could prevent ALK inhibitor resistance-specific relapse.
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NPM-ALK: A Driver of Lymphoma Pathogenesis and a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010144. [PMID: 33466277 PMCID: PMC7795840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase associated with Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma (ALCL) through oncogenic translocations mainly NPM-ALK. Chemotherapy is effective in ALK(+) ALCL patients and induces remission rates of approximately 80%. The remaining patients do not respond to chemotherapy and some patients have drug-resistant relapses. Different classes of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are available but used exclusively for EML4-ALK (+) lung cancers. The significant toxicities of most ALK inhibitors explain the delay in their use in pediatric ALCL patients. Some ALCL patients do not respond to the first generation TKI or develop an acquired resistance. Combination therapy with ALK inhibitors in ALCL is the current challenge. Abstract Initially discovered in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), the ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase is a tyrosine kinase which is affected in lymphomas by oncogenic translocations, mainly NPM-ALK. To date, chemotherapy remains a viable option in ALCL patients with ALK translocations as it leads to remission rates of approximately 80%. However, the remaining patients do not respond to chemotherapy and some patients have drug-resistant relapses. It is therefore crucial to identify new and better treatment options. Nowadays, different classes of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are available and used exclusively for EML4-ALK (+) lung cancers. In fact, the significant toxicities of most ALK inhibitors explain the delay in their use in ALCL patients, who are predominantly children. Moreover, some ALCL patients do not respond to Crizotinib, the first generation TKI, or develop an acquired resistance months following an initial response. Combination therapy with ALK inhibitors in ALCL is the current challenge.
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Zhang P, Zhang M. Epigenetic alterations and advancement of treatment in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:169. [PMID: 33160401 PMCID: PMC7648940 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a rare and heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive diseases associated with poor prognosis. Except for ALK + anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), most peripheral T-cell lymphomas are highly malignant and have an aggressive disease course and poor clinical outcomes, with a poor remission rate and frequent relapse after first-line treatment. Aberrant epigenetic alterations play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of specific types of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, including the regulation of the expression of genes and signal transduction. The most common epigenetic alterations are DNA methylation and histone modification. Histone modification alters the level of gene expression by regulating the acetylation status of lysine residues on the promoter surrounding histones, often leading to the silencing of tumour suppressor genes or the overexpression of proto-oncogenes in lymphoma. DNA methylation refers to CpG islands, generally leading to tumour suppressor gene transcriptional silencing. Genetic studies have also shown that some recurrent mutations in genes involved in the epigenetic machinery, including TET2, IDH2-R172, DNMT3A, RHOA, CD28, IDH2, TET2, MLL2, KMT2A, KDM6A, CREBBP, and EP300, have been observed in cases of PTCL. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has also gradually become a diagnostic biomarker. These provide a reasonable molecular mechanism for epigenetic modifying drugs in the treatment of PTCL. As epigenetic drugs implicated in lymphoma have been continually reported in recent years, many new ideas for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PTCL originate from epigenetics in recent years. Novel epigenetic-targeted drugs have shown good tolerance and therapeutic effects in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma as monotherapy or combination therapy. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines also recommended epigenetic drugs for PTCL subtypes as second-line therapy. Epigenetic mechanisms provide new directions and therapeutic strategies for the research and treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma and the advancement of epigenetic-targeted drugs in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China. .,Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China.
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9
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Robinson P, Tweardy DJ. Targeting Janus Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 to Treat Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: Rationale, Progress, and Caution. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:486-526. [PMID: 32198236 PMCID: PMC7300325 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Before it was molecularly cloned in 1994, acute-phase response factor or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 was the focus of intense research into understanding the mammalian response to injury, particularly the acute-phase response. Although known to be essential for liver production of acute-phase reactant proteins, many of which augment innate immune responses, molecular cloning of acute-phase response factor or STAT3 and the research this enabled helped establish the central function of Janus kinase (JAK) family members in cytokine signaling and identified a multitude of cytokines and peptide hormones, beyond interleukin-6 and its family members, that activate JAKs and STAT3, as well as numerous new programs that their activation drives. Many, like the acute-phase response, are adaptive, whereas several are maladaptive and lead to chronic inflammation and adverse consequences, such as cachexia, fibrosis, organ dysfunction, and cancer. Molecular cloning of STAT3 also enabled the identification of other noncanonical roles for STAT3 in normal physiology, including its contribution to the function of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, its basal and stress-related adaptive functions in mitochondria, its function as a scaffold in inflammation-enhanced platelet activation, and its contributions to endothelial permeability and calcium efflux from endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we will summarize the molecular and cellular biology of JAK/STAT3 signaling and its functions under basal and stress conditions, which are adaptive, and then review maladaptive JAK/STAT3 signaling in animals and humans that lead to disease, as well as recent attempts to modulate them to treat these diseases. In addition, we will discuss how consideration of the noncanonical and stress-related functions of STAT3 cannot be ignored in efforts to target the canonical functions of STAT3, if the goal is to develop drugs that are not only effective but safe. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Key biological functions of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling can be delineated into two broad categories: those essential for normal cell and organ development and those activated in response to stress that are adaptive. Persistent or dysregulated JAK/STAT3 signaling, however, is maladaptive and contributes to many diseases, including diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and cancer. A comprehensive understanding of JAK/STAT3 signaling in normal development, and in adaptive and maladaptive responses to stress, is essential for the continued development of safe and effective therapies that target this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Moses M Kasembeli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prema Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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10
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Matsuyama H, Suzuki HI. Systems and Synthetic microRNA Biology: From Biogenesis to Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E132. [PMID: 31878193 PMCID: PMC6981965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide-long, small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. The biogenesis of miRNAs involves multiple steps, including the transcription of primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs), nuclear Drosha-mediated processing, cytoplasmic Dicer-mediated processing, and loading onto Argonaute (Ago) proteins. Further, miRNAs control diverse biological and pathological processes via the silencing of target mRNAs. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the quantitative aspects of miRNA homeostasis, including Drosha-mediated pri-miRNA processing, Ago-mediated asymmetric miRNA strand selection, and modifications of miRNA pathway components, as well as the roles of RNA modifications (epitranscriptomics), epigenetics, transcription factor circuits, and super-enhancers in miRNA regulation. These recent advances have facilitated a system-level understanding of miRNA networks, as well as the improvement of RNAi performance for both gene-specific targeting and genome-wide screening. The comprehensive understanding and modeling of miRNA biogenesis and function have been applied to the design of synthetic gene circuits. In addition, the relationships between miRNA genes and super-enhancers provide the molecular basis for the highly biased cell type-specific expression patterns of miRNAs and the evolution of miRNA-target connections, while highlighting the importance of alterations of super-enhancer-associated miRNAs in a variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Matsuyama
- Fujii Memorial Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-11-1 Karasaki, Otsu-shi, Shiga 520-0106, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi I. Suzuki
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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11
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Kabekkodu SP, Shukla V, Varghese VK, Adiga D, Vethil Jishnu P, Chakrabarty S, Satyamoorthy K. Cluster miRNAs and cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic opportunities. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 11:e1563. [PMID: 31436881 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are class of noncoding RNA important for gene expression regulation in many plants, animals and viruses. MiRNA clusters contain a set of two or more miRNA encoding genes, transcribed together as polycistronic miRNAs. Currently, there are approximately 159 miRNA clusters reported in the human genome consisting of miRNAs ranging from two or more miRNA genes. A large proportion of clustered miRNAs resides in and around the fragile sites or cancer associated genomic hotspots and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Altered expression of miRNA cluster can be pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic and can be targeted for clinical management of cancer. Over the past few years, manipulation of miRNA clusters expression is attempted for experimental purpose as well as for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications in cancer. Re-expression of miRNAs by epigenetic therapy, genome editing such as clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and miRNA mowers showed promising results in cancer therapy. In this review, we focused on the potential of miRNA clusters as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, targeted therapy as well as strategies for modulating their expression in a therapeutic context. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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12
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Gengenbacher A, Müller-Rudorf A, Poggio T, Gräßel L, Dumit VI, Kreutmair S, Lippert LJ, Duyster J, Illert AL. Proteomic Phosphosite Analysis Identified Crucial NPM-ALK-Mediated NIPA Serine and Threonine Residues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164060. [PMID: 31434245 PMCID: PMC6721280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that shows in 60% of cases a translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35), which leads to the expression of the oncogenic kinase NPM-ALK. The nuclear interaction partner of ALK (NIPA) defines an E3-SCF ligase that contributes to the timing of mitotic entry. It has been shown that co-expression of NIPA and NPM-ALK results in constitutive NIPA phosphorylation. By mass spectrometry-based proteomics we identified nine serine/threonine residues to be significantly upregulated in NIPA upon NPM-ALK expression. Generation of phospho-deficient mutants of the respective phospho-residues specified five serine/threonine residues (Ser-338, Ser-344, Ser-370, Ser-381 and Thr-387) as key phosphorylation sites involved in NPM-ALK-directed phosphorylation of NIPA. Analysis of the biological impact of NIPA phosphorylation by NPM-ALK demonstrated that the ALK-induced phosphorylation does not change the SCFNIPA-complex formation but may influence the localization of NIPA and NPM-ALK. Biochemical analyses with phospho-deficient mutants elucidated the importance of NIPA phosphorylation by NPM-ALK for the interaction of the two proteins and proliferation potential of respective cells: Silencing of the five crucial NIPA serine/threonine residues led to a highly enhanced NIPA-NPM-ALK binding capacity as well as a slightly reduced proliferation in Ba/F3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Gengenbacher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Müller-Rudorf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Poggio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linda Gräßel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronica I Dumit
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kreutmair
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena J Lippert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna L Illert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Yan S, Jia C, Quan L, Zhao L, Tian Y, Liu A. Significance of the microRNA‑17‑92 gene cluster expressed in B‑cell non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2459-2467. [PMID: 31322189 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the prognostic value of the microRNA (miR)‑17‑92 gene cluster, the expression of miR‑17‑92 in B‑cell non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‑NHL) was examined. Patients with B‑NHL, who received therapy in the Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 2012 and October 2014, were enrolled in the study. The expression of the miR‑17‑92 cluster in tumor tissue samples was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The overall survival (OS) and event‑free survival (EFS) times were also investigated by the Kaplan‑Meier method and comparisons between groups were estimated using a log‑rank test. Three types of lymphoid cancer cells with wild‑type (WT), knockout of miR‑17‑92 (KO), and overexpression of miR‑17‑92 (TG), were utilized to establish a tumor xenograft model, and a reactive hyperplasia lymph cell was used as a control. The tumor incubation times and weights were examined. A total of 71 patients with B‑NHL were registered. No significant correlations were identified between the expression of miR‑17‑92 and clinical factors (P>0.05). Members of the miR‑17‑92 cluster exhibited various expression in the subtypes of B‑NHL, and the difference between follicular lymphoma (FL) and germinal center B‑cell like (GBC) was most marked. The overexpression of miR‑18, miR‑19a, and miR‑92a induced a marked reduction in the OS of patients with B‑NHL, and high‑levels of miR‑19a and miR‑92a led to a decline in EFS. The overexpression of miR‑17‑92 shortened the duration of incubation required for visualization of the xenograft tumor, whereas knockout led to inhibition of tumor formation. The expression of miR‑17‑92 in FL differed significantly from that in GBC, and miR‑19a may have a crucial effect on the OS and EFS of patients with B‑NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Yan
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Chuiming Jia
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Lina Quan
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Aichun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
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14
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Non-Coding RNA Networks in ALK-Positive Anaplastic-Large Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092150. [PMID: 31052302 PMCID: PMC6539248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression. In recent years, it has become more and more evident that the different classes of ncRNAs, such as micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs are organized in tightly controlled networks. It has been suggested that deregulation of these networks can lead to disease. Several studies show a contribution of these so-called competing-endogenous RNA networks in various cancer entities. In this review, we highlight the involvement of ncRNA networks in anaplastic-large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a T-cell neoplasia. A majority of ALCL cases harbor the molecular hallmark of this disease, a fusion of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene with the nucleophosmin (NPM, NPM1) gene leading to a permanently active kinase that promotes the malignant phenotype. We have focused especially on ncRNAs that are regulated by the NPM-ALK fusion gene and illustrate how their deregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of ALCL. Lastly, we summarize the findings and point out potential therapeutic implications.
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15
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Labi V, Schoeler K, Melamed D. miR-17∼92 in lymphocyte development and lymphomagenesis. Cancer Lett 2019; 446:73-80. [PMID: 30660648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) down-modulate the levels of proteins by sequence-specific binding to their respective target mRNAs, causing translational repression or mRNA degradation. The miR-17∼92 cluster encodes for six miRNAs whose target recognition specificities are determined by their distinct sequence. In mice, the four miRNA families generated from the miR-17∼92 cluster coordinate to allow for proper lymphocyte development and effective adaptive immune responses following infection or immunization. Lymphocyte development and homeostasis rely on tight regulation of PI3K signaling to avoid autoimmunity or immunodeficiency, and the miR-17∼92 miRNAs appear as key mediators to appropriately tune PI3K activity. On the other hand, in lymphoid tumors overexpression of the miR-17∼92 miRNAs is a common oncogenic event. In this review, we touch on what we have learned so far about the miR-17∼92 miRNAs, particularly with respect to their role in lymphocyte development, homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Labi
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
| | - Katia Schoeler
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Doron Melamed
- Department of Immunology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
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16
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Iqbal J, Amador C, McKeithan TW, Chan WC. Molecular and Genomic Landscape of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2019; 176:31-68. [PMID: 30596212 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99716-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is an uncommon group of lymphoma covering a diverse spectrum of entities. Little was known regarding the molecular and genomic landscapes of these diseases until recently but the knowledge is still quite spotty with many rarer types of PTCL remain largely unexplored. In this chapter, the recent findings from gene expression profiling (GEP) studies, including profiling data on microRNA, where available, will be presented with emphasis on the implication on molecular diagnosis, prognostication, and the identification of new entities (PTCL-GATA3 and PTCL-TBX21) in the PTCL-NOS group. Recent studies using next-generation sequencing have unraveled the mutational landscape in a number of PTCL entities leading to a marked improvement in the understanding of their pathogenesis and biology. While many mutations are shared among PTCL entities, the frequency varies and certain mutations are quite unique to a specific entity. For example, TET2 is often mutated but this is particularly frequent (70-80%) in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and IDH2 R172 mutations appear to be unique for AITL. In general, chromatin modifiers and molecular components in the CD28/T-cell receptor signaling pathways are frequently mutated. The major findings will be summarized in this chapter correlating with GEP data and clinical features where appropriate. The mutational landscape of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, specifically on mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Iqbal
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Catalina Amador
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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17
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Cui L, Meng Q, Wen J, Yan Z, Gao Z, Tian Y, Xu P, Lian P, Yu H. The effect of a gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) on STAT3-induced gene expression in renal carcinoma. J Biochem 2018; 164:285-294. [PMID: 29961871 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the exact regulatory mechanisms of retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in renal carcinoma. Tumour tissue samples from patients with renal carcinoma (n = 30, there were seven cases of Stage I, eight cases of Stage II, eight cases of Stage III, seven cases of Stage IV) and control subjects were selected from adjacent normal tissue (n = 10). Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to assess the level of GRIM-19, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and its downstream molecules. CD31 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The amount of apoptosis cells was analysed by Flow cytometry. The results showed that expression of GRIM-19 was decreased in renal carcinoma. However, in tumour tissue, STAT3 and its downstream signalling molecules showed the higher expression compared with control. Overexpression of GRIM-19, inhibited tumour growth apoptosis by mediating activators of STAT3 signal. In addition, interferon-β and all-trans-retinoic acid inhibited the renal carcinoma cell growth and induced apoptosis, and effect of drug combinations was particularly evident. In conclusion, GRIM-19 expression is associated with hyperactivation of STAT3-induced gene expression in renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zechen Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yudong Tian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengchao Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengchao Lian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Haizhou Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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18
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Carvalho de Oliveira J, Molinari Roberto G, Baroni M, Bezerra Salomão K, Alejandra Pezuk J, Sol Brassesco M. MiRNA Dysregulation in Childhood Hematological Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092688. [PMID: 30201877 PMCID: PMC6165337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, cancer biology focused largely on the protein-encoding genes that have clear roles in tumor development or progression: cell-cycle control, apoptotic evasion, genome instability, drug resistance, or signaling pathways that stimulate growth, angiogenesis, or metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), however, represent one of the more abundant classes of cell modulators in multicellular organisms and largely contribute to regulating gene expression. Many of the ~2500 miRNAs discovered to date in humans regulate vital biological processes, and their aberrant expression results in pathological and malignant outcomes. In this review, we highlight what has been learned about the roles of miRNAs in some of the most common human pediatric leukemias and lymphomas, along with their value as diagnostic/prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Molinari Roberto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Mirella Baroni
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Karina Bezerra Salomão
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, 05145-200 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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19
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Xu C, Zhang H, Gu W, Wu H, Chen Y, Zhou W, Sun B, Shen X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yuan W. The microRNA-10a/ID3/RUNX2 axis modulates the development of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9225. [PMID: 29907859 PMCID: PMC6003989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) presents as pathological heterotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. However, its underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Our previous findings suggested that altered microRNA regulatory network are critical for the development of OPLL. Here, we set out to unveiling the detailed mechanism of those altered OPLL-specific microRNAs. We screened a set of differentially expressed OPLL-specific microRNAs from the previous sequencing data and showed that microRNA-10a actively modulates the ossification of posterior ligament cells in vitro. Using a tissue-engineered scaffold grown from 4-week-old BALB/c homozygous nude mice, we found that altered microRNA-10a expression in posterior ligament cells indeed affected the heterotopic bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, computational analysis showed that the negative ossification regulator ID3 is a functional target gene of microRNA-10a, and its expression was also significantly altered during microRNA-10a modulation both in vitro and in vivo. Also, we have demonstrated that the ossification promoting function of microRNA-10a requires ID3, as ID3 actively inhibits RUNX2. Thus, we identified a critical role for highly altered OPLL-specific microRNA-10a in regulating the development of OPLL by modulating the ID3/RUNX2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800th Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Baifeng Sun
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- Administration Office for Graduate Students, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168th Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800th Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.
| | - Wen Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.
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20
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Kabekkodu SP, Shukla V, Varghese VK, D' Souza J, Chakrabarty S, Satyamoorthy K. Clustered miRNAs and their role in biological functions and diseases. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1955-1986. [PMID: 29797774 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs known to regulate expression of protein-coding genes. A large proportion of miRNAs are highly conserved, localized as clusters in the genome, transcribed together from physically adjacent miRNAs and show similar expression profiles. Since a single miRNA can target multiple genes and miRNA clusters contain multiple miRNAs, it is important to understand their regulation, effects and various biological functions. Like protein-coding genes, miRNA clusters are also regulated by genetic and epigenetic events. These clusters can potentially regulate every aspect of cellular function including growth, proliferation, differentiation, development, metabolism, infection, immunity, cell death, organellar biogenesis, messenger signalling, DNA repair and self-renewal, among others. Dysregulation of miRNA clusters leading to altered biological functions is key to the pathogenesis of many diseases including carcinogenesis. Here, we review recent advances in miRNA cluster research and discuss their regulation and biological functions in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vinay K Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Jeevitha D' Souza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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21
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Paliouras AR, Monteverde T, Garofalo M. Oncogene-induced regulation of microRNA expression: Implications for cancer initiation, progression and therapy. Cancer Lett 2018; 421:152-160. [PMID: 29476790 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of tumours have characteristic oncogenic mutations which are the main causes of malignant transformation, exerting their effects through multiple signalling pathways. Downstream of such pathways, microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, assisting or antagonizing oncogenic signalling. The differential expression of microRNAs in cancer is well-documented and is considered a fundamental aspect of tumourigenesis. While data mapping the interaction between oncogenic lesions and microRNAs are accruing, we provide particular cases of such interaction. Except for notable, well-studied examples of microRNAs regulated by oncogenes, we examine the effect of this relationship in regard to tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and ultimately, its implications for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios R Paliouras
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4GJ, Manchester, UK
| | - Tiziana Monteverde
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4GJ, Manchester, UK
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4GJ, Manchester, UK.
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22
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IRF4 Mediates the Oncogenic Effects of STAT3 in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10010021. [PMID: 29346274 PMCID: PMC5789371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) are a category of T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas which can be divided into anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive and ALK negative subgroups, based on ALK gene rearrangements. Among several pathways aberrantly activated in ALCL, the constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is shared by all ALK positive ALCL and has been detected in a subgroup of ALK negative ALCL. To discover essential mediators of STAT3 oncogenic activity that may represent feasible targets for ALCL therapies, we combined gene expression profiling analysis and RNA interference functional approaches. A shRNA screening of STAT3-modulated genes identified interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) as a key driver of ALCL cell survival. Accordingly, ectopic IRF4 expression partially rescued STAT3 knock-down effects. Treatment with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) induced IRF4 down regulation and resulted in cell death, a phenotype rescued by IRF4 overexpression. However, the majority of ALCL cell lines were poorly responsive to IMiDs treatment. Combination with JQ1, a bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family antagonist known to inhibit MYC and IRF4, increased sensitivity to IMiDs. Overall, these results show that IRF4 is involved in STAT3-oncogenic signaling and its inhibition provides alternative avenues for the design of novel/combination therapies of ALCL.
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23
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Abstract
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is a clinical and biological heterogeneous disease including systemic ALK positive and ALK negative entities. Whereas ALK positive ALCLs are molecularly characterized and readily diagnosed, specific immunophenotypic or genetic features to define ALK negative ALCL are missing, and their distinction from other T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs) can be controversial. In recent years, great advances have been made in dissecting the heterogeneity of ALK negative ALCLs and in providing new diagnostic and treatment options for these patients. A new revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification promoted ALK negative ALCL to a definite entity that includes cytogenetic subsets with prognostic implications. However, a further understanding of the genetic landscape of ALK negative ALCL is required to dictate more effective therapeutic strategies specifically tailored for each subgroup of patients.
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24
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Hoareau-Aveilla C, Meggetto F. Crosstalk between microRNA and DNA Methylation Offers Potential Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies in ALK-Positive Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080100. [PMID: 28771164 PMCID: PMC5575603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of microRNA (miRNA) has provided new and powerful tools for studying the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. The down-regulation of tumor suppressive miRNA by hypermethylation of CpG island (CpG is shorthand for 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′, that is, cytosine and guanine separated by only one phosphate) is emerging as a common hallmark of cancer and appears to be involved in drug resistance. This review discusses the role of miRNA and DNA methylation in drug resistance mechanisms and highlights their potential as anti-cancer therapies in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-positive lymphomas. These are a sub-type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas that predominantly affect children and young adults and are characterized by the expression of the nucleophosmin (NPM)/ALK chimeric oncoprotein. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and regulation has been shown to affect several signaling pathways in ALK carcinogenesis and control tumor growth, both in cell lines and mouse models. These data suggest that the modulation of DNA methylation and/or the expression of these miRNA could serve as new biomarkers and have potential therapeutic applications for ALK-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Hoareau-Aveilla
- Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, ERL5294 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer-TOUCAN, F-31024 Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabienne Meggetto
- Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, ERL5294 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer-TOUCAN, F-31024 Toulouse, France.
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25
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Achyutuni S, Nadhan R, Sengodan SK, Srinivas P. The prodigious network of chromosome 17 miRNAs regulating cancer genes that influence the hallmarks of cancer. Semin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Hao MX, Wang X, Jiao KL. MicroRNA-17-5p mediates hypoxia-induced autophagy and inhibits apoptosis by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:935-941. [PMID: 28450922 PMCID: PMC5403340 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate hypoxia-induced apoptosis and autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms of microRNA (miR)-17-5p responses in an anaerobic environment. The results revealed that miR-17-5p expression was significantly upregulated in VSMCs subjected to hypoxic conditions (P<0.05) and lower miR-17-5p levels were observed in ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate-treated and hypoxia inducible factor-1 loss-of-function cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated that miR-17-5p is associated with hypoxia-induced autophagy, which was confirmed by upregulating the light chain 3-II/LC3-I ratio and downregulating nucleoporin p62. Cell apoptosis was inhibited in response to hypoxia, and levels of pro-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and p-caspase were markedly decreased when VSMCs were subjected to hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) decreased when cells were transfected with overexpressing miR-17-5p and subjected to hypoxic conditions, and the combination of miR-17-5p loss-of-function and hypoxia induced greater upregulation in the protein expression of STAT3 compared with a single treatment for hypoxia in VSMCs. In conclusion, miR-17-5p may be a novel hypoxia-responsive miR and hypoxia may induce protective autophagy and anti-apoptosis in VSMCs by targeting STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiu Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Li Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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27
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Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase: the ultimate oncogene and therapeutic target. Blood 2016; 129:823-831. [PMID: 27879258 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-717793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase physiologically expressed by fetal neural cells. However, aberrantly expressed ALK is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse malignancies, including distinct types of lymphoma, lung carcinoma, and neuroblastoma. The aberrant ALK expression in nonneural cells results from chromosomal translocations that create novel fusion proteins. These protein hybrids compose the proximal part of a partner gene, including its promoter region, and the distal part of ALK, including the coding sequence for the entire kinase domain. ALK was first identified in a subset of T-cell lymphomas with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) morphology (ALK+ ALCL), the vast majority of which harbor the well-characterized nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK fusion protein. NPM-ALK co-opts several intracellular signal transduction pathways, foremost being the STAT3 pathway, normally activated by cytokines from the interleukin-2 (IL-2) family to promote cell proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis. Many genes and proteins modulated by NPM-ALK are also involved in evasion of antitumor immune response, protection from hypoxia, angiogenesis, DNA repair, cell migration and invasiveness, and cell metabolism. In addition, NPM-ALK uses epigenetic silencing mechanisms to downregulate tumor suppressor genes to maintain its own expression. Importantly, NPM-ALK is capable of transforming primary human CD4+ T cells into immortalized cell lines indistinguishable from patient-derived ALK+ ALCL. Preliminary clinical studies indicate that inhibition of NPM-ALK induces long-lasting complete remissions in a large subset of heavily pretreated adult patients and the vast majority of children with high-stage ALK+ ALCL. Combining ALK inhibition with other novel therapeutic modalities should prove even more effective.
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28
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Sun R, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for lymphoma diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1118-42. [PMID: 27363492 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomas are a group of hematological malignancies derived from lymphocytes. Lymphomas are clinically and biologically heterogeneous and have overlapping diagnostic features. With the advance of new technologies and the application of efficient and feasible detection platforms, an unprecedented number of novel biomarkers have been discovered or are under investigation at the genetic, epigenetic, and protein level as well as the tumor microenvironment. These biomarkers have enabled new clinical and pathological insights into the mechanisms underlying lymphomagenesis and also have facilitated improvements in the diagnostic workup, sub-classification, outcome stratification, and personalized therapy for lymphoma patients. However, integrating these biomarkers into clinical practice effectively and precisely in daily practice is challenging. More in-depth studies are required to further validate these novel biomarkers and to assess other parameters that can affect the reproducibility of these biomarkers such as the selection of detection methods, biological reagents, interpretation of data, and cost efficiency. Despite these challenges, there are many reasons to be optimistic that novel biomarkers will facilitate better algorithms and strategies as we enter a new era of precision medicine to better refine diagnosis, prognostication, and rational treatment design for patients with lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Sun
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Geng L, Li X, Zhou X, Fang X, Yuan D, Wang X. WP1066 exhibits antitumor efficacy in nasal‑type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cells through downregulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2868-2874. [PMID: 27633398 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (nasal NKTCL) is an aggressive hematological neoplasm with poor prognosis, and its incidence is higher in Asia than in Western countries. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is related to numerous malignancies. However, the involvement of STAT3 in the pathogenesis of nasal NKTCL is poorly understood. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that 21/28 (75.0%) nasal NKTCL tissues harbored constitutively expression of phospho‑STAT3 (p‑STAT3) which was positively correlated with the Ki‑67 levels (P﹤0.05). Immunofluorescence (IF) also detected p‑STAT3 expression in SNK6 cells (NKTCL cell line). Furthermore, WP1066 (a novel selective STAT3 inhibitor) was able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SNK6 cells. Moreover, western blot analysis and RT‑PCR demonstrated that WP1066 downregulated the protein and mRNA expressions of the pro‑survival molecules (including c‑Myc, cyclin D1, and Bcl‑2) in SNK6 cells. These results suggested that STAT3 activation represents a potential target in nasal NKTCL. WP1066 may be a promising agent in antitumor therapy against nasal NKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Geng
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Dai Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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30
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs usually consisting of 20-24 nucleotides. During the past decade, increases and decreases in miRNA expression have been shown to associate with various types of diseases, including cancer. Over 4500 miRNAs have been identified in humans, and it is known that nearly all human protein-encoding genes can be controlled by miRNAs in both healthy and malignant cells. Detailed genome-wide miRNA expression analysis has been performed in various malignant lymphoma subtypes, and these analyses have led to the discovery of subtype-specific miRNA alterations. In this chapter, I describe several key miRNAs and their targets in distinct malignant lymphoma subsets and their roles in their pathogenesis, studies of which will lead new therapeutic strategies against aggressive lymphomas.
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31
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Hong J, Wang H, Shen G, Lin D, Lin Y, Ye N, Guo Y, Li Q, Ye N, Deng C, Meng C. Recombinant soluble gp130 protein reduces DEN-induced primary hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24397. [PMID: 27080032 PMCID: PMC4832142 DOI: 10.1038/srep24397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6 (interleukin 6) plays an important role in the development and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via both classic signaling and trans-signaling pathways. Soluble gp130 (sgp130) is known to be a natural inhibitor of the trans-signaling pathway. In the present study, our goal was to investigate whether recombinant sgp130 could suppress the initiation and progression of HCC in mouse models. Our results demonstrate that sgp130 induced an apoptosis of HepG2 cells and inhibited the clonogenicity of HepG2 in vitro. Moreover, the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway is significantly suppressed by sgp130 as reflected by the decrease in the level of STAT3 phosphorylation and other inflammatory factors both in vitro and in vivo. In the DEN-induced HCC mouse model, intravenous injection of sgp130 attenuated hepatic fibrosis at 16 weeks and reduced the initiation and progression of primary HCC at 36 weeks. Furthermore, our results also demonstrate that intravenous administration of sgp130 significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of xenograft human HCC in NOD/SCID mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Guoying Shen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Da Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yanxue Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Nanhui Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yashan Guo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Nanhui Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chengjun Deng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chun Meng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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32
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process in eukaryotes that eliminates harmful components and maintains cellular homeostasis in response to a series of extracellular insults. However, these insults may trigger the downstream signaling of another prominent stress responsive pathway, the STAT3 signaling pathway, which has been implicated in multiple aspects of the autophagic process. Recent reports further indicate that different subcellular localization patterns of STAT3 affect autophagy in various ways. For example, nuclear STAT3 fine-tunes autophagy via the transcriptional regulation of several autophagy-related genes such as BCL2 family members, BECN1, PIK3C3, CTSB, CTSL, PIK3R1, HIF1A, BNIP3, and microRNAs with targets of autophagy modulators. Cytoplasmic STAT3 constitutively inhibits autophagy by sequestering EIF2AK2 as well as by interacting with other autophagy-related signaling molecules such as FOXO1 and FOXO3. Additionally, the mitochondrial translocation of STAT3 suppresses autophagy induced by oxidative stress and may effectively preserve mitochondria from being degraded by mitophagy. Understanding the role of STAT3 signaling in the regulation of autophagy may provide insight into the classic autophagy model and also into cancer therapy, especially for the emerging targeted therapy, because a series of targeted agents execute antitumor activities via blocking STAT3 signaling, which inevitably affects the autophagy pathway. Here, we review several of the representative studies and the current understanding in this particular field.
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Key Words
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase
- ATF4, activating transcription factor 4
- BNIP3, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3
- CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor
- COX8, cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIII
- CTSB, cathepsin B
- CTSL, cathepsin L
- CYCS, cytochrome c, somatic
- ConA, concanavalin A
- CuB, cucurbitacin B
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EIF2A, eukaryotic initiation factor 2A, 65kDa
- EIF2AK2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-α kinase 2
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FOXO1/3, forkhead box O1/3
- HDAC3, histone deacetylase 3
- HIF1A, hypoxia inducible factor 1, α subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)
- IL6, interleukin 6
- IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane
- KDR, kinase insert domain receptor
- LMP, lysosomal membrane permeabilization
- MAP1LC3A, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 α
- MAPK1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
- MLS, mitochondrial localization sequence
- MMP14, matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted)
- NDUFA13, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 α subcomplex, 13
- NES, nuclear export signal
- NFKB1, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1
- NLS, nuclear localization signal
- PDGFRB, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, β polypeptide
- PRKAA2, protein kinase, AMP-activated, α 2 catalytic subunit
- PTPN11, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11
- PTPN2, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2
- PTPN6, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinases
- SH2, src homology 2
- STAT3
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor)
- VHL, von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- XPO1, exportin 1
- autophagy
- cancer
- miRNA, microRNA
- mitoSTAT3, mitochondrial STAT3
- mitophagy
- receptor tyrosine kinases
- targeted therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun You
- a Department of Medical Oncology; Zhejiang University ; Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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33
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Couronné L, Bastard C, Gaulard P, Hermine O, Bernard O. [Molecular pathogenesis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (1): angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified and anaplastic large cell lymphoma]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:841-52. [PMID: 26481023 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) belong to the group of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and particularly that of mature T/NK cells lymphoproliferative neoplasms. The 2008 WHO classification describes different PTCL entities with varying prevalence. With the exception of the histological subtype "ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma", PTCL are characterized by a poor prognosis. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these lymphomas are not yet fully understood, but development of genomic high-throughput analysis techniques now allows to extensively identify the molecular abnormalities present in tumor cells. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge and recent advances about the molecular events occurring at the origin or during the natural history of main entities of PTCL. It will be published in two parts : the first is focused on the three more frequent entities, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The second (which will appear in the november issue) will describe other subtypes less frequent and of poor prognosis : extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. T or NK cell lymphoproliferative disorders with leukemic presentation, primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and very rare subtypes of PTCL whose prevalence is less than 5% (hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma) will not be discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Couronné
- Service d'hématologie adultes, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), hôpital Necker, Paris, France - Inserm UMR1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christian Bastard
- Service d'anatomo-pathologie, AP-HP, groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, faculté de médecine, Créteil, France ; Inserm U955, institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Inserm, U918 ; Université de Rouen ; centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d'hématologie adultes, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), hôpital Necker, Paris, France - Inserm UMR1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- UMR 1170 ; Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Sud 11, Orsay, France
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Nana-Sinkam SP, Croce CM. MicroRNA regulation of tumorigenesis, cancer progression and interpatient heterogeneity: towards clinical use. Genome Biol 2015; 15:445. [PMID: 25315999 PMCID: PMC4709998 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, microRNAs have emerged as crucial mediators of organ development and human disease. Here, we discuss their role as drivers or suppressors of the hallmarks of cancer during tumorigenesis and progression, in defining interpatient heterogeneity and the promise of therapeutic application.
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Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) comprises a group of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas unified by common morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics, but with a spectrum of clinical presentations and behaviors. Early identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements in some ALCLs led to recognition of ALK as an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and a key driver of ALCL pathobiology. Rearrangements and other genetic abnormalities of ALK subsequently were identified in diverse other human malignancies. Recent clinical, pathologic, and genetic data have begun to shed light on ALK-negative ALCLs, revealing significant heterogeneity within this more ill-defined entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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Merkel O, Hamacher F, Griessl R, Grabner L, Schiefer AI, Prutsch N, Baer C, Egger G, Schlederer M, Krenn PW, Hartmann TN, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Plass C, Staber PB, Moriggl R, Turner SD, Greil R, Kenner L. Oncogenic role of miR-155 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma lacking the t(2;5) translocation. J Pathol 2015; 236:445-56. [PMID: 25820993 PMCID: PMC4557053 DOI: 10.1002/path.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare, aggressive, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is characterized by CD30 expression and disease onset in young patients. About half of ALCL patients bear the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation, which results in the formation of the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma tyrosine kinase (NPM–ALK) fusion protein (ALCL ALK+). However, little is known about the molecular features and tumour drivers in ALK-negative ALCL (ALCL ALK−), which is characterized by a worse prognosis. We found that ALCL ALK−, in contrast to ALCL ALK+, lymphomas display high miR-155 expression. Consistent with this, we observed an inverse correlation between miR-155 promoter methylation and miR-155 expression in ALCL. However, no direct effect of the ALK kinase on miR-155 levels was observed. Ago2 immunoprecipitation revealed miR-155 as the most abundant miRNA, and enrichment of target mRNAs C/EBPβ and SOCS1. To investigate its function, we over-expressed miR-155 in ALCL ALK+ cell lines and demonstrated reduced levels of C/EBPβ and SOCS1. In murine engraftment models of ALCL ALK−, we showed that anti-miR-155 mimics are able to reduce tumour growth. This goes hand-in-hand with increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and high SOCS1 in these tumours, which leads to suppression of STAT3 signalling. Moreover, miR-155 induces IL-22 expression and suppresses the C/EBPβ target IL-8. These data suggest that miR-155 can act as a tumour driver in ALCL ALK− and blocking miR-155 could be therapeutically relevant. Original miRNA array data are to be found in the supplementary material (Table S1). © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Merkel
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Centre for Tumour Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,European Research Initiative on ALK Related Malignancies (www.erialcl.net)
| | - Frank Hamacher
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robert Griessl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lisa Grabner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Prutsch
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Constance Baer
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,European Research Initiative on ALK Related Malignancies (www.erialcl.net)
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter William Krenn
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Plass
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Bernhard Staber
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK.,European Research Initiative on ALK Related Malignancies (www.erialcl.net)
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.,European Research Initiative on ALK Related Malignancies (www.erialcl.net)
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37
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Boi M, Zucca E, Inghirami G, Bertoni F. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2015; 168:771-83. [PMID: 25559471 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The currently used 2008 World Health Organization classification recognizes two types of systemic anaplastic large T cell lymphoma according to ALK protein expression in tumour cells. First, the 'anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK positive' (ALK(+) ALCL) that is characterized by the presence of ALK gene rearrangements and consequent ALK protein expression, and, second, the 'anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK negative' (ALK(-) ALCL) that is a provisional entity lacking ALK protein expression but cannot be distinguished morphologically from ALK(+) ALCL. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the genetic lesions and biological features that underlie the pathogenesis of ALK(+) and the ALK(-) ALCL and that can lead to the use of targeted anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Boi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Pathogenetic and diagnostic significance of microRNA deregulation in peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:259. [PMID: 25382608 PMCID: PMC4335255 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCLs/NOS) are rare and aggressive tumours whose molecular pathogenesis and diagnosis are still challenging. The microRNA (miRNA) profile of 23 PTCLs/NOS was generated and compared with that of normal T-lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, naive, activated). The differentially expressed miRNA signature was compared with the gene expression profile (GEP) of the same neoplasms. The obtained gene patterns were tested in an independent cohort of PTCLs/NOS. The miRNA profile of PTCLs/NOS then was compared with that of 10 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs), 6 anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs)/ALK+ and 6 ALCLs/ALK−. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in an independent set of 20 PTCLs/NOS, 20 AITLs, 19 ALCLs/ALK− and 15 ALCLs/ALK+. Two hundred and thirty-six miRNAs were found to differentiate PTCLs/NOS from activated T-lymphocytes. To assess which miRNAs impacted on GEP, a multistep analysis was performed, which identified all miRNAs inversely correlated to different potential target genes. One of the most discriminant miRNAs was selected and its expression was found to affect the global GEP of the tumours. Moreover, two sets of miRNAs were identified distinguishing PTCL/NOS from AITL and ALCL/ALK−, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of this tool was very high (83.54%) and its prognostic value validated.
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Jasinski-Bergner S, Mandelboim O, Seliger B. The role of microRNAs in the control of innate immune response in cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju257. [PMID: 25217579 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands for receptors of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), such as the inhibitory nonclassical HLA-G, the activating stress-induced major histocompatibility complex class I-related antigens MICA and MICB, and/or the UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs), are often aberrantly expressed upon viral infection and neoplastic transformation, thereby preventing virus-infected or malignant-transformed cells from elimination by immune effector cells. Recently, it has been shown that ligands of both NK and CD8(+) T cells are regulated by a number of cellular and/or viral microRNAs (miRs). These miRs are involved in shaping the antiviral and/or antitumoral immune responses as well as neoplastic growth properties. This review summarizes the expression pattern and function of miRs directed against selected NK and T cell receptor ligands, their putative role in shaping immune surveillance and tumorigenicity, and their clinical relevance. In addition, the potential role of RNA-binding proteins in the post-transcriptional gene regulation of these ligands will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany (SJB, BS); The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel (OM)
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany (SJB, BS); The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel (OM)
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany (SJB, BS); The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel (OM).
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40
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Ikeda S, Tagawa H. Dysregulation of microRNAs and their association in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma/leukemias. Int J Hematol 2014; 99:542-52. [PMID: 24567260 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding regulatory RNAs consisting of 20-24 nucleotides. Over 4,500 miRNAs have been identified in humans, and it is known that nearly all human protein-encoding genes can be controlled by miRNAs in both healthy and malignant cells. Abnormal miRNA expression is known to occur in many cancers, including in malignant lymphomas (MLs). Detailed genome-wide miRNA expression analysis has been performed in various ML subtypes, and these analyses have led to the discovery of subtype-specific miRNA alterations. Actually, in B-cell lymphomas, several miRNAs have been used as prognostic markers, and their targets are for new agents for ML therapy. Successful studies for delineating miRNA functions in B-cell lymphomas lead us to hypothesize that miRNA dysregulation may also be deeply associated with the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphomas. Indeed, studies for delineating essential miRNAs have been conduced against comparatively well-defined T-cell lymphoma entities. In this review, we describe several key miRNAs and their targets in distinct T-cell lymphoma subsets and their roles in their pathogenesis, studies of which will lead to new therapeutic strategies against T-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Ikeda
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 0108543, Japan
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