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Wang X, Chen M, Hu L, Tan C, Li X, Xue P, Jiang Y, Bao P, Yu T, Li F, Xiao Y, Ran Q, Li Z, Chen L. Humanized mouse models for inherited thrombocytopenia studies. Platelets 2023; 34:2267676. [PMID: 37849076 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2267676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Inherited thrombocytopenia (IT) is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by a reduced platelet count as the main clinical manifestation, and often with abnormal platelet function, which can subsequently lead to impaired hemostasis. In the past decades, humanized mouse models (HMMs), that are mice engrafted with human cells or genes, have been widely used in different research areas including immunology, oncology, and virology. With advances of the development of immunodeficient mice, the engraftment, and reconstitution of functional human platelets in HMM permit studies of occurrence and development of platelet disorders including IT and treatment strategies. This article mainly reviews the development of humanized mice models, the construction methods, research status, and problems of using humanized mice for the in vivo study of human thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanyue Hu
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengning Tan
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peipei Xue
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangzhou Jiang
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peipei Bao
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Xiao
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Ran
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Basic Research Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Airapetov MI, Eresko SO, Bychkov ER, Lebedev AA, Shabanov PD. Effect of Ethanol on Platelet Biology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750822040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Warren JT, Di Paola J. Genetics of inherited thrombocytopenias. Blood 2022; 139:3264-3277. [PMID: 35167650 PMCID: PMC9164741 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inherited thrombocytopenia syndromes are a group of disorders characterized primarily by quantitative defects in platelet number, though with a variety demonstrating qualitative defects and/or extrahematopoietic findings. Through collaborative international efforts applying next-generation sequencing approaches, the list of genetic syndromes that cause thrombocytopenia has expanded significantly in recent years, now with over 40 genes implicated. In this review, we focus on what is known about the genetic etiology of inherited thrombocytopenia syndromes and how the field has worked to validate new genetic discoveries. We highlight the important role for the clinician in identifying a germline genetic diagnosis and strategies for identifying novel causes through research-based endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Warren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Losada PX, DeLaura I, Narváez CF. Dengue Virus and Platelets: From the Biology to the Clinic. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:349-358. [PMID: 35483090 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne viral illnesses found in tropical and subtropical regions. Colombia has one of the highest rates of dengue cases in the Americas. Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection presents with capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and organ compromise, eventually leading to death. Over the years, there have been many efforts to develop a vaccine that guarantees protective immunity, but they have been partially successful, as such immunity would need to guarantee protection against four distinct viral serotypes. Absolute platelet count is a laboratory parameter used to monitor the clinical progression of DENV, as infection is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Although this finding is well described with respect to the natural history of the disease, there are various hypotheses as to the cause of this rapid decrease, and several in vivo and ex vivo models have been used to explain the effect of DENV infection on platelets and their precursors. DENV infects and activates platelets, facilitating their elimination through recognition by phagocytic cells and peripheral margination. However, infection also affects the precursors in the bone marrow by modulating megakaryopoiesis. The objective of this article is to explore various proposed mechanisms of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of this highly relevant viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula X Losada
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Isabel DeLaura
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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Airapetov MI, Eresko SO, Bychkov ER, Lebedev AA, Shabanov PD. [Effect of ethanol on platelet biology]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:81-92. [PMID: 35485482 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the study of platelets, significantly increased due to recent discoveries providing convincing evidence that their functions by are not limited to their participation in the blood coagulation mechanism. Many works are devoted to the study of the functional state of platelets under conditions of acute and chronic alcohol exposure. The results of such studies can be useful for the development of new markers of the degree of alcohol intoxication of the body for the subsequent choice of the method drug correction of disorders caused by acute or chronic alcohol effects. The review summarizes results in vivo and in vitro of studies performed during more than 60 years on the effect of ethanol on the biogenesis, number, morphology and biochemistry of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Airapetov
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S O Eresko
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Research and Training Center of Molecular and Cellular Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E R Bychkov
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Lebedev
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - P D Shabanov
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Pharmacology, Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Boscher J, Guinard I, Eckly A, Lanza F, Léon C. Blood platelet formation at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/20/jcs244731. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The main function of blood platelets is to ensure hemostasis and prevent hemorrhages. The 1011 platelets needed daily are produced in a well-orchestrated process. However, this process is not yet fully understood and in vitro platelet production is still inefficient. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow by megakaryocytes, highly specialized precursor cells that extend cytoplasmic projections called proplatelets (PPTs) through the endothelial barrier of sinusoid vessels. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster we discuss the mechanisms and pathways involved in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation processes. We especially address the – still underestimated – role of the microenvironment of the bone marrow, and present recent findings on how PPT extension in vivo differs from that in vitro and entails different mechanisms. Finally, we recapitulate old but recently revisited evidence that – although bone marrow does produce megakaryocytes and PPTs – remodeling and the release of bona fide platelets, mainly occur in the downstream microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boscher
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ines Guinard
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Léon
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Ali RO, Moon MS, Townsend EC, Hill K, Zhang GY, Bradshaw A, Guan H, Hamilton D, Kleiner DE, Auh S, Koh C, Heller T. Exploring the Link Between Platelet Numbers and Vascular Homeostasis Across Early and Late Stages of Fibrosis in Hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:524-533. [PMID: 31407130 PMCID: PMC7988415 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia is a hallmark of advanced liver disease. Platelets, growth factors (GFs), and vascular integrity are closely linked factors in disease pathogenesis, and their relationship, particularly in early disease stages, is not entirely understood. The aim was to compare circulating platelets, growth factors, and vascular injury markers (VIMs) in hepatitis C-infected (HCV) patients with early fibrosis and cirrhosis. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of serum GFs and VIMs by ELISA were evaluated from twenty-six HCV patients. Analytes from an earlier time-point were correlated with MELD at a later time-point. RESULTS Platelets and GFs decreased, and VIMs increased with fibrosis. Platelets correlated positively with PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, TGFB1, EGF, and P-selectin, and negatively with ICAM-3 and VCAM-1. P-selectin showed no correlations with VIMs but positively correlated with PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, TGFB1, and EGF. Soluble VCAM-1 and ICAM-3 were linked to increasing fibrosis, liver enzymes, and synthetic dysfunction. Higher VCAM-1 and ICAM-3 and lower P-selectin at an earlier time-point were linked to higher MELD score at a later time-point. CONCLUSION In chronic HCV, progressive decline in platelets and growth factors with fibrosis and their associations suggest that platelets are an important source of circulating GFs and influence GF decline with fibrosis. Enhanced markers of vascular injury in patients with early fibrosis suggest an earlier onset of endothelial dysfunction preceding cirrhosis. Associations of VIMs with platelets suggest a critical link between platelets and vascular homeostasis. Circulating markers of vascular injury may not only have prognostic importance but emphasize the role of vascular dysfunction in liver disease pathogenesis (NCT00001971).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab O Ali
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA.
| | - Mi Sun Moon
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Townsend
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - Kareen Hill
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - Grace Y Zhang
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - Alyson Bradshaw
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - Hannah Guan
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - Destanee Hamilton
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Koh
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9B16, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1800, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1800, USA.
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Gbyli R, Song Y, Halene S. Humanized mice as preclinical models for myeloid malignancies. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113794. [PMID: 31926939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanized mice have proven to be invaluable for human hematological translational research since they offer essential tools to dissect disease biology and to bridge the gap between pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutics and their clinical applications. Many efforts have been placed to advance and optimize humanized mice to support the engraftment, differentiation, and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the human hematological system in order to broaden the scope of applications of such models. This review covers the background of humanized mice, how they are used as platforms to model myeloid malignancies, and the various current and potential approaches to further enhance their utilization in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Gbyli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Rissone A, Burgess SM. Rare Genetic Blood Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. Front Genet 2018; 9:348. [PMID: 30233640 PMCID: PMC6127601 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis results in the correct formation of all the different blood cell types. In mammals, it starts from specific hematopoietic stem and precursor cells residing in the bone marrow. Mature blood cells are responsible for supplying oxygen to every cell of the organism and for the protection against pathogens. Therefore, inherited or de novo genetic mutations affecting blood cell formation or the regulation of their activity are responsible for numerous diseases including anemia, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, hyper- or hypo-inflammation, and cancer. By definition, an animal disease model is an analogous version of a specific clinical condition developed by researchers to gain information about its pathophysiology. Among all the model species used in comparative medicine, mice continue to be the most common and accepted model for biomedical research. However, because of the complexity of human diseases and the intrinsic differences between humans and other species, the use of several models (possibly in distinct species) can often be more helpful and informative than the use of a single model. In recent decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become increasingly popular among researchers, because it represents an inexpensive alternative compared to mammalian models, such as mice. Numerous advantages make it an excellent animal model to be used in genetic studies and in particular in modeling human blood diseases. Comparing zebrafish hematopoiesis to mammals, it is highly conserved with few, significant differences. In addition, the zebrafish model has a high-quality, complete genomic sequence available that shows a high level of evolutionary conservation with the human genome, empowering genetic and genomic approaches. Moreover, the external fertilization, the high fecundity and the transparency of their embryos facilitate rapid, in vivo analysis of phenotypes. In addition, the ability to manipulate its genome using the last genome editing technologies, provides powerful tools for developing new disease models and understanding the pathophysiology of human disorders. This review provides an overview of the different approaches and techniques that can be used to model genetic diseases in zebrafish, discussing how this animal model has contributed to the understanding of genetic diseases, with a specific focus on the blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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