1
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Piperi C. Impact of Histone Modifications and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13657. [PMID: 36362442 PMCID: PMC9654260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by complex pathogenetic mechanisms. The abnormal regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and specifically, histone modifications, has been demonstrated to play a central role in hematological cancer pathogenesis and progression. A variety of epigenetic enzymes that affect the state of histones have been detected as deregulated, being either over- or underexpressed, which induces changes in chromatin compaction and, subsequently, affects gene expression. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have revealed novel therapeutic targets, with many epigenetic drugs being investigated in clinical trials. The present review focuses on the biological impact of histone modifications in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, describing a wide range of therapeutic agents that have been discovered to target these alterations and are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (D.S.)
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2
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Duś-Szachniewicz K, Gdesz-Birula K, Nowosielska E, Ziółkowski P, Drobczyński S. Formation of Lymphoma Hybrid Spheroids and Drug Testing in Real Time with the Use of Fluorescence Optical Tweezers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132113. [PMID: 35805197 PMCID: PMC9265821 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between stromal and lymphoma cells in the bone marrow are closely related to drug resistance and therapy failure. Physiologically relevant pre-clinical three-dimensional (3D) models recapitulating lymphoma microenvironmental complexity do not currently exist. In this study, we proposed a scheme for optically controlled hybrid lymphoma spheroid formation with the use of optical tweezers (OT). Following the preparation of stromal spheroids using agarose hydrogel, two aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma B-cell lines, Ri-1 (DLBCL) and Raji (Burkitt lymphoma), were used to conduct multi-cellular spheroid formation driven by in-house-developed fluorescence optical tweezers. Importantly, the newly formed hybrid spheroid preserved the 3D architecture for the next 24 h. Our model was successfully used for the evaluation of the influence of the anticancer agents doxorubicin (DOX), ibrutinib (IBR), and AMD3100 (plerixafor) on the adhesive properties of lymphoma cells. Importantly, our study revealed that a co-treatment of DOX and IBR with AMD3100 affects the adhesion of B-NHL lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Duś-Szachniewicz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.-S.); (S.D.); Tel.: +48-71-784-12-25 (K.D.-S.)
| | - Katarzyna Gdesz-Birula
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (P.Z.)
| | - Emilia Nowosielska
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (P.Z.)
| | - Sławomir Drobczyński
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.D.-S.); (S.D.); Tel.: +48-71-784-12-25 (K.D.-S.)
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3
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Barreca M, Spanò V, Raimondi MV, Bivacqua R, Giuffrida S, Montalbano A, Cavalli A, Bertoni F, Barraja P. GPCR Inhibition in Treating Lymphoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:358-364. [PMID: 38239337 PMCID: PMC10796172 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important classes of cell surface receptors involved in multiple physiological functions. Aberrant expression, upregulation, and mutation of GPCR signaling pathways are frequent in many types of cancers, promoting hyperproliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recent studies showed that alterations of GPCRs are involved in different lymphoma types. Herein, we review the synthetic strategies to obtain GPCR inhibitors, focusing on CXCR4 inhibitors which represent most of the GPCR inhibitors available in the market or under preclinical investigations for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria V Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Bivacqua
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuffrida
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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4
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Fernández-Serrano M, Winkler R, Santos JC, Le Pannérer MM, Buschbeck M, Roué G. Histone Modifications and Their Targeting in Lymphoid Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:253. [PMID: 35008680 PMCID: PMC8745418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a wide range of lymphoid neoplasms, the process of malignant transformation is associated with somatic mutations in B cells that affect the epigenetic machinery. Consequential alterations in histone modifications contribute to disease-specific changes in the transcriptional program. Affected genes commonly play important roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis-inducing signal transduction, and DNA damage response, thus facilitating the emergence of malignant traits that impair immune surveillance and favor the emergence of different B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the last two decades, the field has made a major effort to develop therapies that target these epigenetic alterations. In this review, we discuss which epigenetic alterations occur in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, we aim to present in a close to comprehensive manner the current state-of-the-art in the preclinical and clinical development of epigenetic drugs. We focus on therapeutic strategies interfering with histone methylation and acetylation as these are most advanced in being deployed from the bench-to-bedside and have the greatest potential to improve the prognosis of lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Fernández-Serrano
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Winkler
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Juliana C. Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Marguerite-Marie Le Pannérer
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
- Program of Personalized and Predictive Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Lewis R, Maurer HC, Singh N, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Wirth M, Schick M, Zhang L, Isaakidis K, Scherger AK, Schulze V, Lu J, Zenz T, Steiger K, Rad R, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Espeli M, Balabanian K, Keller U, Habringer S. CXCR4 hyperactivation cooperates with TCL1 in CLL development and aggressiveness. Leukemia 2021; 35:2895-2905. [PMID: 34363012 PMCID: PMC8478649 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant CXCR4 activity has been implicated in lymphoma pathogenesis, disease progression, and resistance to therapies. Using a mouse model with a gain-of-function CXCR4 mutation (CXCR4C1013G) that hyperactivates CXCR4 signaling, we identified CXCR4 as a crucial activator of multiple key oncogenic pathways. CXCR4 hyperactivation resulted in an expansion of transitional B1 lymphocytes, which represent the precursors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Indeed, CXCR4 hyperactivation led to a significant acceleration of disease onset and a more aggressive phenotype in the murine Eµ-TCL1 CLL model. Hyperactivated CXCR4 signaling cooperated with TCL1 to cause a distinct oncogenic transcriptional program in B cells, characterized by PLK1/FOXM1-associated pathways. In accordance, Eµ-TCL1;CXCR4C1013G B cells enriched a transcriptional signature from patients with Richter's syndrome, an aggressive transformation of CLL. Notably, MYC activation in aggressive lymphoma was associated with increased CXCR4 expression. In line with this finding, additional hyperactive CXCR4 signaling in the Eµ-Myc mouse, a model of aggressive B-cell cancer, did not impact survival. In summary, we here identify CXCR4 hyperactivation as a co-driver of an aggressive lymphoma phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lewis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikita Singh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstandina Isaakidis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Veronika Schulze
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Junyan Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Universitätsspital and Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Espeli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Habringer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Sánchez‐Martínez D, Gutiérrez‐Agüera F, Romecin P, Vinyoles M, Palomo M, Tirado N, Zanetti SR, Juan M, Carlet M, Jeremias I, Menéndez P. Enforced sialyl-Lewis-X (sLeX) display in E-selectin ligands by exofucosylation is dispensable for CD19-CAR T-cell activity and bone marrow homing. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e280. [PMID: 33634970 PMCID: PMC7901721 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cells induce impressive rates of complete response in advanced B-cell malignancies, specially in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, CAR T-cell-treated patients eventually progress due to poor CAR T-cell persistence and/or disease relapse. The bone marrow (BM) is the primary location for acute leukemia. The rapid/efficient colonization of the BM by systemically infused CD19-CAR T cells might enhance CAR T-cell activity and persistence, thus, offering clinical benefits. Circulating cells traffic to BM upon binding of tetrasaccharide sialyl-Lewis X (sLeX)-decorated E-selectin ligands (sialofucosylated) to the E-selectin receptor expressed in the vascular endothelium. sLeX-installation in E-selectin ligands is achieved through an ex vivo fucosylation reaction. Here, we sought to characterize the basal and cell-autonomous display of sLeX in CAR T-cells activated using different cytokines, and to assess whether exofucosylation of E-selectin ligands improves CD19-CAR T-cell activity and BM homing. We report that cell-autonomous sialofucosylation (sLeX display) steadily increases in culture- and in vivo-expanded CAR T cells, and that, the cytokines used during T-cell activation influence both the degree of such endogenous sialofucosylation and the CD19-CAR T-cell efficacy and persistence in vivo. However, glycoengineered enforced sialofucosylation of E-selectin ligands was dispensable for CD19-CAR T-cell activity and BM homing in multiple xenograft models regardless the cytokines employed for T-cell expansion, thus, representing a dispensable strategy for CD19-CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sánchez‐Martínez
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Francisco Gutiérrez‐Agüera
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paola Romecin
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Meritxell Vinyoles
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Palomo
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Néstor Tirado
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Samanta Romina Zanetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manel Juan
- Servei d'ImmunologiaHospital Clínic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Michela Carlet
- Department of Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Center for Environmental Health (HMGU)MunichGermany
- Department of PediatricsDr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMUMunichGermany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Department of Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Center for Environmental Health (HMGU)MunichGermany
- Department of PediatricsDr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMUMunichGermany
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red‐Oncología (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
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7
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Ondono R, Lirio Á, Elvira C, Álvarez-Marimon E, Provenzano C, Cardinali B, Pérez-Alonso M, Perálvarez-Marín A, Borrell JI, Falcone G, Estrada-Tejedor R. Design of novel small molecule base-pair recognizers of toxic CUG RNA transcripts characteristics of DM1. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:51-61. [PMID: 33363709 PMCID: PMC7753043 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an incurable neuromuscular disorder caused by toxic DMPK transcripts that carry CUG repeat expansions in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). The intrinsic complexity and lack of crystallographic data makes noncoding RNA regions challenging targets to study in the field of drug discovery. In DM1, toxic transcripts tend to stall in the nuclei forming complex inclusion bodies called foci and sequester many essential alternative splicing factors such as Muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). Most DM1 phenotypic features stem from the reduced availability of free MBNL1 and therefore many therapeutic efforts are focused on recovering its normal activity. For that purpose, herein we present pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-(8H)-ones, a privileged scaffold showing remarkable biological activity against many targets involved in human disorders including cancer and viral diseases. Their combination with a flexible linker meets the requirements to stabilise DM1 toxic transcripts, and therefore, enabling the release of MBNL1. Therefore, a set of novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-(8H)-ones derivatives (1a-e) were obtained using click chemistry. 1a exerted over 20% MBNL1 recovery on DM1 toxic RNA activity in primary cell biology studies using patient-derived myoblasts. 1a promising anti DM1 activity may lead to subsequent generations of ligands, highlighting a new affordable treatment against DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Ondono
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Lirio
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Álvarez-Marimon
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Claudia Provenzano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cardinali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Pérez-Alonso
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Perálvarez-Marín
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José I. Borrell
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germana Falcone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Estrada-Tejedor
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Xu Y, Sun W, Li F. De Novo CD5+ Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Biology, Mechanism, and Treatment Advances. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2020; 20:e782-e790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Spriano F, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Targeting BET bromodomain proteins in cancer: The example of lymphomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107631. [PMID: 32693114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family proteins act as "readers" of acetylated histones and they are important transcription regulators. BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, part of the BET family, are important in different tumors, where upregulation or translocation often occurs. The potential of targeting BET proteins as anti-cancer treatment originated with data obtained with a first series of compounds, and there are now several data supporting BET inhibition in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Despite very positive preclinical data in different tumor types, the clinical results have been so far moderate. Using lymphoma as an example to review the data produced in the laboratory and in the context of the early clinical trials, we discuss the modalities to make BET targeting more efficient both generating novel generation of compounds and by exploring the combination with small molecules affecting various signaling pathways, BCL2, or DNA damage response signaling, but also with additional epigenetic agents and with immunotherapy. We also discuss the mechanisms of resistance and the toxicity profiles so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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10
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Huang Q, Zhang F, Fu H, Shen J. Epigenetic regulation of miR-518a-5p-CCR6 feedback loop promotes both proliferation and invasion in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Epigenetics 2020; 16:28-44. [PMID: 32600091 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1786317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-518a-5p/CCR6 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is needed. In this study, CCR6 expression levels were tested both in DLBCL cell lines and specimens. Through bioinformatics analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation, CCR6's targeted miRNA was obtained. Dual luciferase assay was used to verify their targeted relationship. Futhermore, using qRT-PCR, western blot, CCK8, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, pyrosequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and azacitidine/C646 treatment, the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of CCR6 and its targeted miRNA in DLBCL were detected. We found that negative correlation existed between CCR6 and miR-518a-5p in DLBCL. Both up-regulated miR-518a-5p and down-regulated CCR6 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Experiment then verified the regulatory relationship between miR-518a-5p and CCR6. JAK2 and STAT6 levels were reduced in DLBCL cells transfected with miR-518a-5p mimic or CCR6 small interfering RNA. Interestingly, we showed for the first time that a hyper-methylated condition existed at the promoter region of miR-518a-5p and azacitidine changed levels of miR-518a-5p in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Finally, we found an enriched histone H3 on lysine 27 acetylation existed in the promoter of CCR6, whose expression could also be changed via C646 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The above results suggest that miR-518a-5p-CCR6 feedback loop plays a critical role in DLBCL development. The overexpression of CCR6 is mainly mediated by epigenetic modification through transcriptional and post-transcriptional activation, which provides new directions for DLBCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Fu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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11
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Falgàs A, Pallarès V, Serna N, Sánchez-García L, Sierra J, Gallardo A, Alba-Castellón L, Álamo P, Unzueta U, Villaverde A, Vázquez E, Mangues R, Casanova I. Selective delivery of T22-PE24-H6 to CXCR4 + diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells leads to wide therapeutic index in a disseminated mouse model. Theranostics 2020; 10:5169-5180. [PMID: 32373205 PMCID: PMC7196303 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to reduce relapse rates and enhance survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. CXCR4-overexpressing cancer cells are good targets for therapy because of their association with dissemination and relapse in R-CHOP treated DLBCL patients. Immunotoxins that incorporate bacterial toxins are potentially effective in treating haematological neoplasias, but show a narrow therapeutic index due to the induction of severe side effects. Therefore, when considering the delivery of these toxins as cancer therapeutics, there is a need not only to increase their uptake in the target cancer cells, and their stability in blood, but also to reduce their systemic toxicity. We have developed a therapeutic nanostructured protein T22-PE24-H6 that incorporates exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which selectively targets lymphoma cells because of its specific interaction with a highly overexpressed CXCR4 receptor (CXCR4+) in DLBCL. Methods: T22-PE24-H6 cytotoxicity and its dependence on the CXCR4 receptor were evaluated in DLBCL cell lines using cell viability assays. Different in vitro experiments (mitochondrial membrane potential, Western Blot, Annexin V and DAPI staining) were conducted to determine T22-PE24-H6 cell death mechanisms. In vivo imaging and therapeutic effect studies were performed in a disseminated DLBCL mouse model that mimics organ infiltration in DLBCL patients. Finally, immunohistochemistry and histopathology analyses were used to evaluate the antineoplastic effect and systemic toxicity. Results: In vitro, T22-PE24-H6 induced selective cell death of CXCR4+ DLBCL cells by activating the apoptotic pathway. In addition, repeated T22-PE24-H6 intravenous administration in a CXCR4+ DLBCL-disseminated mouse model showed a significant reduction of lymphoma burden in organs clinically affected by DLBCL cells (lymph nodes and bone marrow). Finally, we did not observe systemic toxicity associated to the nanoparticle treatment in non-DLBCL-infiltrated organs. Conclusion: We have demonstrated here a potent T22-PE24-H6 antineoplastic effect, especially in blocking dissemination in a CXCR4+ DLBCL model without associated toxicity. Thereby, T22-PE24-H6 promises to become an effective alternative to treat CXCR4+ disseminated refractory or relapsed DLBCL patients.
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12
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Ribeiro ML, Reyes-Garau D, Armengol M, Fernández-Serrano M, Roué G. Recent Advances in the Targeting of Epigenetic Regulators in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Genet 2019; 10:986. [PMID: 31681423 PMCID: PMC6807552 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 10 years, major advances have been made in the diagnosis and development of selective therapies for several blood cancers, including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the mature B lymphocyte compartment. However, most of these entities remain incurable and current treatments are associated with variable efficacy, several adverse events, and frequent relapses. Thus, new diagnostic paradigms and novel therapeutic options are required to improve the prognosis of patients with B-NHL. With the recent deciphering of the mutational landscapes of B-cell disorders by high-throughput sequencing, it came out that different epigenetic deregulations might drive and/or promote B lymphomagenesis. Consistently, over the last decade, numerous epigenetic drugs (or epidrugs) have emerged in the clinical management of B-NHL patients. In this review, we will present an overview of the most relevant epidrugs tested and/or used so far for the treatment of different subtypes of B-NHL, from first-generation epigenetic therapies like histone acetyl transferases (HDACs) or DNA-methyl transferases (DNMTs) inhibitors to new agents showing selectivity for proteins that are mutated, translocated, and/or overexpressed in these diseases, including EZH2, BET, and PRMT. We will dissect the mechanisms of action of these epigenetic inhibitors, as well as the molecular processes underlying their lack of efficacy in refractory patients. This review will also provide a summary of the latest strategies being employed in preclinical and clinical settings, and will point out the most promising lines of investigation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Reyes-Garau
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Armengol
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miranda Fernández-Serrano
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Reyes-Garau D, Ribeiro ML, Roué G. Pharmacological Targeting of BET Bromodomain Proteins in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Malignant Lymphomas: From Molecular Characterization to Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101483. [PMID: 31581671 PMCID: PMC6826405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions and abnormal chromatin remodeling are a major cause of uncontrolled gene transcription and constitutive activation of critical signaling pathways in cancer cells. Multiple epigenetic regulators are known to be deregulated in several hematologic neoplasms, by somatic mutation, amplification, or deletion, allowing the identification of specific epigenetic signatures, but at the same time providing new therapeutic opportunities. While these vulnerabilities have been traditionally addressed by hypomethylating agents or histone deacetylase inhibitors, pharmacological targeting of bromodomain-containing proteins has recently emerged as a promising approach in a number of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Indeed, preclinical and clinical studies highlight the relevance of targeting the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family as an efficient strategy of target transcription irrespective of the presence of epigenetic mutations. Here we will summarize the main advances achieved in the last decade regarding the preclinical and clinical evaluation of BET bromodomain inhibitors in hematologic cancers, either as monotherapies or in combinations with standard and/or experimental agents. A mention will finally be given to the new concept of the protein degrader, and the perspective it holds for the design of bromodomain-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Reyes-Garau
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil.
| | - Gaël Roué
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Chen L, Ouyang J, Wienand K, Bojarczuk K, Hao Y, Chapuy B, Neuberg D, Juszczynski P, Lawton LN, Rodig SJ, Monti S, Shipp MA. CXCR4 upregulation is an indicator of sensitivity to B-cell receptor/PI3K blockade and a potential resistance mechanism in B-cell receptor-dependent diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Haematologica 2019; 105:1361-1368. [PMID: 31471373 PMCID: PMC7193488 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.216218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway components represent promising treatment targets in multiple B-cell malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In in vitro and in vivo model systems, a subset of DLBCLs depend upon BCR survival signals and respond to proximal BCR/phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) blockade. However, single-agent BCR pathway inhibitors have had more limited activity in patients with DLBCL, underscoring the need for indicators of sensitivity to BCR blockade and insights into potential resistance mechanisms. Here, we report highly significant transcriptional upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in BCR-dependent DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors following chemical spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibition, molecular SYK depletion or chemical PI3K blockade. SYK or PI3K inhibition also selectively upregulated cell surface CXCR4 protein expression in BCR-dependent DLBCLs. CXCR4 expression was directly modulated by fork-head box O1 via the PI3K/protein kinase B/forkhead box O1 signaling axis. Following chemical SYK inhibition, all BCR-dependent DLBCLs exhibited significantly increased stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) induced chemotaxis, consistent with the role of CXCR4 signaling in B-cell migration. Select PI3K isoform inhibitors also augmented SDF-1α induced chemotaxis. These data define CXCR4 upregulation as an indicator of sensitivity to BCR/PI3K blockade and identify CXCR4 signaling as a potential resistance mechanism in BCR-dependent DLBCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Current address: H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirsty Wienand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Current address: Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yansheng Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Current Address: Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Current Address: Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Current address: Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lee N Lawton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Shipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Falgàs A, Pallarès V, Unzueta U, Céspedes MV, Arroyo-Solera I, Moreno MJ, Sierra J, Gallardo A, Mangues MA, Vázquez E, Villaverde A, Mangues R, Casanova I. A CXCR4-targeted nanocarrier achieves highly selective tumor uptake in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma mouse models. Haematologica 2019; 105:741-753. [PMID: 31248974 PMCID: PMC7049335 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.211490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One-third of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients are refractory to initial treatment or relapse after rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone chemotherapy. In these patients, CXCR4 overexpression (CXCR4+) associates with lower overall and disease-free survival. Nanomedicine pursues active targeting to selectively deliver antitumor agents to cancer cells; a novel approach that promises to revolutionize therapy by dramatically increasing drug concentration in target tumor cells. In this study, we intravenously administered a liganded protein nanocarrier (T22-GFP-H6) targeting CXCR4+ lymphoma cells in mouse models to assess its selectivity as a nanocarrier by measuring its tissue biodistribution in cancer and normal cells. No previous protein-based nanocarrier has been described as specifically targeting lymphoma cells. T22-GFP-H6 achieved a highly selective tumor uptake in a CXCR4+ lymphoma subcutaneous model, as detected by fluorescent emission. We demonstrated that tumor uptake was CXCR4-dependent because pretreatment with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, significantly reduced tumor uptake. Moreover, in contrast to CXCR4+ subcutaneous models, CXCR4– tumors did not accumulate the nanocarrier. Most importantly, after intravenous injection in a disseminated model, the nanocarrier accumulated and internalized in all clinically relevant organs affected by lymphoma cells with negligible distribution to unaffected tissues. Finally, we obtained antitumor effect without toxicity in a CXCR4+ lymphoma model by administration of T22-DITOX-H6, a nanoparticle incorporating a toxin with the same structure as the nanocarrier. Hence, the use of the T22-GFP-H6 nanocarrier could be a good strategy to load and deliver drugs or toxins to treat specifically CXCR4-mediated refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Falgàs
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Victor Pallarès
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Irene Arroyo-Solera
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - María José Moreno
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | - Jorge Sierra
- Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,Josep Carreras Research Institute
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | | | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) .,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN).,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau .,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN).,Josep Carreras Research Institute
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN).,Josep Carreras Research Institute
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pharmacological inhibition of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) domain proteins is a very exciting epigenetic therapeutic modality. Due to the central role of BET proteins in transcription regulation, their inhibition heavily affects lymphoma cells and BET inhibitors show a clear preclinical antitumor activity as single agents and in combination, paired with early reports of clinical activity. RECENT FINDINGS Relevant data have been recently presented on the mechanism of action of the BET inhibitors, on modalities to improve their activity in lymphomas, and their clinical evaluation. SUMMARY There are now plenty of preclinical data sustaining BET proteins as therapeutic targets in lymphomas. Newer compounds and combinations with other agents may be pursued in the future aiming also to identify those patients that they most likely benefit from BET inhibition.
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Huang Q, Liu F, Shen J. The significance of chemokines in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and future insights. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1385-1395. [PMID: 30880459 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in molecular and clinical research, patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) still have a bad prognosis. Recently, chemokines/chemokine receptors have become the subject of interest in relation to DLBCL. Studies have demonstrated the important role of chemokines/chemokine receptors in the communication between DLBCL cells and tumor microenvironment. Studies have also reported the ability of chemokines/chemokine receptors in promoting the proliferation and invasion of DLBCL cells. Here, we summarize the data on mechanisms of DLBCL supporting the involvement of chemokine/chemokine receptor changes. We focus on the available evidence regarding chemokines/chemokine receptors as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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