1
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Miyauchi J. The hematopoietic microenvironment of the fetal liver and transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104382. [PMID: 38723838 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome is a distinct form of leukemia or preleukemia that mirrors the hematological features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. However, it typically resolves spontaneously in the early stages. TAM originates from fetal liver (FL) hematopoietic precursor cells and emerges due to somatic mutations in GATA1 in utero. In TAM, progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into mature megakaryocytes and granulocytes. This process occurs both in vitro, aided by hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) produced in the FL, and in vivo, particularly in specific anatomical sites like the FL and blood vessels. The FL's hematopoietic microenvironment plays a crucial role in TAM's pathogenesis and may contribute to its spontaneous regression. This review presents an overview of current knowledge regarding the unique features of TAM in relation to the FL hematopoietic microenvironment, focusing on the functions of HGFs and the pathological features of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyauchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Saitama-ken, Japan.
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2
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Hall T, Gurbuxani S, Crispino JD. Malignant progression of preleukemic disorders. Blood 2024; 143:2245-2255. [PMID: 38498034 PMCID: PMC11181356 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The spectrum of myeloid disorders ranges from aplastic bone marrow failure characterized by an empty bone marrow completely lacking in hematopoiesis to acute myeloid leukemia in which the marrow space is replaced by undifferentiated leukemic blasts. Recent advances in the capacity to sequence bulk tumor population as well as at a single-cell level has provided significant insight into the stepwise process of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Using models of progression in the context of germ line predisposition (trisomy 21, GATA2 deficiency, and SAMD9/9L syndrome), premalignant states (clonal hematopoiesis and clonal cytopenia of unknown significance), and myelodysplastic syndrome, we review the mechanisms of progression focusing on the hierarchy of clonal mutation and potential roles of transcription factor alterations, splicing factor mutations, and the bone marrow environment in progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Despite major advances in our understanding, preventing the progression of these disorders or treating them at the acute leukemia phase remains a major area of unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Hall
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sandeep Gurbuxani
- Section of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John D. Crispino
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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3
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Yang CX, Yang Y, Zhang FL, Wang DH, Bian QH, Zhou M, Zhou MX, Yang XY. Congenital leukemia: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7227-7233. [PMID: 37946786 PMCID: PMC10631425 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i29.7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute leukemia in newborns is also known as neonatal or congenital leukemia (CL) and is a rare disease with an incidence rate of 1-5 per 1000000 live births. After birth, infants with CL exhibit infiltrative cutaneous nodules, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and immature leukocytes in the peripheral blood. These symptoms are frequently accompanied by congenital abnormalities including trisomy 21, trisomy 9, trisomy 13, or Turner syndrome. Despite significant advances in disease management, the survival rate is approximately 25% at 2 years. CASE SUMMARY Here, we document a case of trisomy 21-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a female neonate. The baby was sent to the neonatal intensive care unit because of anorexia, poor responsiveness, and respiratory distress. She was diagnosed with AML based on bone marrow aspiration and immunophenotyping. Genetic sequencing identified a mutation in the GATA1 gene. After receiving the diagnosis, the parents decided against medical care for their child, and the baby died at home on day 9 after birth. CONCLUSIONS The newborn infant was diagnosed with trisomy 21-related AML. Genetic sequencing identified a mutation in the GATA1 gene. The parents abandoned medical treatment for their infant after receiving the diagnosis, and the infant died at home on the 9th day after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
- Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fen-Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ding-Huan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiu-Han Bian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
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4
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Ling T, Zhang K, Yang J, Gurbuxani S, Crispino JD. Gata1s mutant mice display persistent defects in the erythroid lineage. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3253-3264. [PMID: 36350717 PMCID: PMC10336263 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA1 mutations that result in loss of the N-terminal 83 amino acids are a feature of myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome, rare familial cases of dyserythropoietic anemia, and a subset of cases of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. The Gata1s mouse model, which expresses only the short GATA1 isoform that begins at methionine 84, has been shown to have a defect in hematopoiesis, especially impaired erythropoiesis with expanded megakaryopoiesis, during gestation. However, these mice reportedly did not show any postnatal phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that Gata1s mutant mice display macrocytic anemia and features of aberrant megakaryopoiesis throughout life, culminating in profound splenomegaly and bone marrow fibrosis. These data support the use of this animal model for studies of GATA1 deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Ling
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jiayue Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | | | - John D. Crispino
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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5
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Zerella JR, Homan CC, Arts P, Brown AL, Scott HS, Hahn CN. Transcription factor genetics and biology in predisposition to bone marrow failure and hematological malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183318. [PMID: 37377909 PMCID: PMC10291195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role as key mediators of a multitude of developmental pathways, with highly regulated and tightly organized networks crucial for determining both the timing and pattern of tissue development. TFs can act as master regulators of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, tightly controlling the behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These networks control the functional regulation of HSPCs including self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation dynamics, which are essential to normal hematopoiesis. Defining the key players and dynamics of these hematopoietic transcriptional networks is essential to understanding both normal hematopoiesis and how genetic aberrations in TFs and their networks can predispose to hematopoietic disease including bone marrow failure (BMF) and hematological malignancy (HM). Despite their multifaceted and complex involvement in hematological development, advances in genetic screening along with elegant multi-omics and model system studies are shedding light on how hematopoietic TFs interact and network to achieve normal cell fates and their role in disease etiology. This review focuses on TFs which predispose to BMF and HM, identifies potential novel candidate predisposing TF genes, and examines putative biological mechanisms leading to these phenotypes. A better understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of hematopoietic TFs, as well as identifying novel genes and genetic variants predisposing to BMF and HM, will accelerate the development of preventative strategies, improve clinical management and counseling, and help define targeted treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarna R. Zerella
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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6
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Mendoza-Castrejon J, Magee JA. Layered immunity and layered leukemogenicity: Developmentally restricted mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:197-215. [PMID: 36588481 PMCID: PMC10301262 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) arise in successive waves during ontogeny, and their properties change significantly throughout life. Ontological changes in HSCs/MPPs underlie corresponding changes in mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. As HSCs and MPPs progress from fetal to neonatal, juvenile and adult stages of life, they undergo transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that modifies immune output to meet age-specific pathogenic challenges. Some immune cells arise exclusively from fetal HSCs/MPPs. We propose that this layered immunity instructs cell fates that underlie a parallel layered leukemogenicity. Indeed, some pediatric leukemias, such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome, and infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, are age-restricted. They only present during infancy or early childhood. These leukemias likely arise from fetal progenitors that lose competence for transformation as they age. Other childhood leukemias, such as non-infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, have mutation profiles that are common in childhood but rare in morphologically similar adult leukemias. These differences could reflect temporal changes in mechanisms of mutagenesis or changes in how progenitors respond to a given mutation at different ages. Interactions between leukemogenic mutations and normal developmental switches offer potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Mendoza-Castrejon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jeffrey A. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
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7
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Kanezaki R, Toki T, Terui K, Sato T, Kobayashi A, Kudo K, Kamio T, Sasaki S, Kawaguchi K, Watanabe K, Ito E. Mechanism of KIT gene regulation by GATA1 lacking the N-terminal domain in Down syndrome-related myeloid disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20587. [PMID: 36447001 PMCID: PMC9708825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). GATA1 mutations are detected in almost all TAM and ML-DS samples, with exclusive expression of short GATA1 protein (GATA1s) lacking the N-terminal domain (NTD). However, it remains to be clarified how GATA1s is involved with both disorders. Here, we established the K562 GATA1s (K562-G1s) clones expressing only GATA1s by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The K562-G1s clones expressed KIT at significantly higher levels compared to the wild type of K562 (K562-WT). Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies identified the GATA1-bound regulatory sites upstream of KIT in K562-WT, K562-G1s clones and two ML-DS cell lines; KPAM1 and CMK11-5. Sonication-based chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay demonstrated that in K562-WT, the - 87 kb enhancer region of KIT was proximal to the - 115 kb, - 109 kb and + 1 kb region, while in a K562-G1s clone, CMK11-5 and primary TAM cells, the - 87 kb region was more proximal to the KIT transcriptional start site. These results suggest that the NTD of GATA1 is essential for proper genomic conformation and regulation of KIT gene expression, and that perturbation of this function might be involved in the pathogenesis of TAM and ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kanezaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Takuya Kamio
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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8
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Davenport P, Liu ZJ, Sola-Visner M. Fetal vs adult megakaryopoiesis. Blood 2022; 139:3233-3244. [PMID: 35108353 PMCID: PMC9164738 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal and neonatal megakaryocyte progenitors are hyperproliferative compared with adult progenitors and generate a large number of small, low-ploidy megakaryocytes. Historically, these developmental differences have been interpreted as "immaturity." However, more recent studies have demonstrated that the small, low-ploidy fetal and neonatal megakaryocytes have all the characteristics of adult polyploid megakaryocytes, including the presence of granules, a well-developed demarcation membrane system, and proplatelet formation. Thus, rather than immaturity, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis reflect a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation, which allows fetuses and neonates to populate their rapidly expanding bone marrow and blood volume. At the molecular level, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis are the result of a complex interplay of developmentally regulated pathways and environmental signals from the different hematopoietic niches. Over the past few years, studies have challenged traditional paradigms about the origin of the megakaryocyte lineage in both fetal and adult life, and the application of single-cell RNA sequencing has led to a better characterization of embryonic, fetal, and adult megakaryocytes. In particular, a growing body of data suggests that at all stages of development, the various functions of megakaryocytes are not fulfilled by the megakaryocyte population as a whole, but rather by distinct megakaryocyte subpopulations with dedicated roles. Finally, recent studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying developmental disorders of megakaryopoiesis, which either uniquely affect fetuses and neonates or have different clinical presentations in neonatal compared with adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Alejo-Valle O, Weigert K, Bhayadia R, Ng M, Issa H, Beyer C, Emmrich S, Schuschel K, Ihling C, Sinz A, Zimmermann M, Wickenhauser C, Flasinski M, Regenyi E, Labuhn M, Reinhardt D, Yaspo ML, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. The megakaryocytic transcription factor ARID3A suppresses leukemia pathogenesis. Blood 2022; 139:651-665. [PMID: 34570885 PMCID: PMC9632760 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the plasticity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, multiple routes of differentiation must be blocked in the the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia, the molecular basis of which is incompletely understood. We report that posttranscriptional repression of the transcription factor ARID3A by miR-125b is a key event in the pathogenesis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). AMKL is frequently associated with trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutations (GATA1s), and children with Down syndrome are at a high risk of developing the disease. The results of our study showed that chromosome 21-encoded miR-125b synergizes with Gata1s to drive leukemogenesis in this context. Leveraging forward and reverse genetics, we uncovered Arid3a as the main miR-125b target behind this synergy. We demonstrated that, during normal hematopoiesis, this transcription factor promotes megakaryocytic differentiation in concert with GATA1 and mediates TGFβ-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in complex with SMAD2/3. Although Gata1s mutations perturb erythroid differentiation and induce hyperproliferation of megakaryocytic progenitors, intact ARID3A expression assures their megakaryocytic differentiation and growth restriction. Upon knockdown, these tumor suppressive functions are revoked, causing a blockade of dual megakaryocytic/erythroid differentiation and subsequently of AMKL. Inversely, restoring ARID3A expression relieves the arrest of megakaryocytic differentiation in AMKL patient-derived xenografts. This work illustrates how mutations in lineage-determining transcription factors and perturbation of posttranscriptional gene regulation can interact to block multiple routes of hematopoietic differentiation and cause leukemia. In AMKL, surmounting this differentiation blockade through restoration of the tumor suppressor ARID3A represents a promising strategy for treating this lethal pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Alejo-Valle
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Karoline Weigert
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Michelle Ng
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hasan Issa
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Christoph Beyer
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester NY
| | - Konstantin Schuschel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marius Flasinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hospital Tauberbischofsheim, Tauberbischofsheim, Germany
| | - Eniko Regenyi
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurice Labuhn
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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10
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Noh JY. Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Biology: Roles of Transcription Factors and Emerging Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179615. [PMID: 34502524 PMCID: PMC8431765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombus formation. Platelets are small, anucleate, and short-lived blood cells that are produced by the large, polyploid, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived megakaryocytes in bone marrow. Approximately 3000 platelets are released from one megakaryocyte, and thus, it is important to understand the physiologically relevant mechanism of development of mature megakaryocytes. Many genes, including several key transcription factors, have been shown to be crucial for platelet biogenesis. Mutations in these genes can perturb megakaryopoiesis or thrombopoiesis, resulting in thrombocytopenia. Metabolic changes owing to inflammation, ageing, or diseases such as cancer, in which platelets play crucial roles in disease development, can also affect platelet biogenesis. In this review, I describe the characteristics of platelets and megakaryocytes in terms of their differentiation processes. The role of several critical transcription factors have been discussed to better understand the changes in platelet biogenesis that occur during disease or ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Noh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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11
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Grimm J, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. Molecular Mechanisms of the Genetic Predisposition to Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Infants With Down Syndrome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636633. [PMID: 33777792 PMCID: PMC7992977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. This myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML–DS) demonstrates a model of step-wise leukemogenesis with perturbed hematopoiesis already presenting in utero, facilitating the acquisition of additional driver mutations such as truncating GATA1 variants, which are pathognomonic to the disease. Consequently, the affected individuals suffer from a transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM)—a pre-leukemic state preceding the progression to ML–DS. In our review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the different steps of clonal evolution in Down syndrome leukemogenesis, and aim to provide a comprehensive view on the complex interplay between gene dosage imbalances, GATA1 mutations and somatic mutations affecting JAK-STAT signaling, the cohesin complex and epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Grimm
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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12
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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Lukes J, Danek P, Alejo-Valle O, Potuckova E, Gahura O, Heckl D, Starkova J, Stary J, Mejstrikova E, Alberich-Jorda M, Zuna J, Trka J, Klusmann JH, Zaliova M. Chromosome 21 gain is dispensable for transient myeloproliferative disorder driven by a novel GATA1 mutation. Leukemia 2020; 34:2503-2508. [PMID: 32094462 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Lukes
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Danek
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oriol Alejo-Valle
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eliska Potuckova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Gahura
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ester Mejstrikova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zuna
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Functional profiling of single CRISPR/Cas9-edited human long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4730. [PMID: 31628330 PMCID: PMC6802205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human hematopoietic system, rare self-renewing multipotent long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are responsible for the lifelong production of mature blood cells and are the rational target for clinical regenerative therapies. However, the heterogeneity in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and variable outcomes of CRISPR/Cas9 editing make functional interrogation of rare LT-HSCs challenging. Here, we report high efficiency LT-HSC editing at single-cell resolution using electroporation of modified synthetic gRNAs and Cas9 protein. Targeted short isoform expression of the GATA1 transcription factor elicit distinct differentiation and proliferation effects in single highly purified LT-HSC when analyzed with functional in vitro differentiation and long-term repopulation xenotransplantation assays. Our method represents a blueprint for systematic genetic analysis of complex tissue hierarchies at single-cell resolution. Previous gene editing in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has focussed on a heterogeneous CD34+ population. Here, the authors demonstrate high efficiency CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of purified long-term HSCs using non-homologous end joining and homology-directed repair, by directing isoform-specific expression of GATA1.
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