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Michailidou D, Giaglis S, Dale GL. The platelet-mitochondria nexus in autoimmune and musculoskeletal diseases. Clin Immunol 2024; 267:110350. [PMID: 39218194 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Platelets are crucial for thrombosis and hemostasis. Importantly, they contain mitochondria that are responsible for energy generation and therefore vital for platelet survival and activation. Activated platelets can release mitochondria that may be free or encapsulated in platelet extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extruded mitochondria are a well-known source of mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial antigens that can be targeted by autoantibodies forming immune complexes (IC). Interaction of IC with the platelet cell surface FcγRIIA receptor results in platelet activation and release of platelet granule components. In this review, we summarize how platelets and mitochondria may contribute to the pathogenesis of different autoimmune and musculoskeletal diseases. Targeting key drivers of mitochondrial extrusion may ultimately lead to urgently needed targeted pharmacological interventions for treating inflammation and thrombotic diathesis, and halting organ damage in some of these rheumatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Michailidou
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Stavros Giaglis
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - George L Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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2
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Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN, Shakhidzhanov SS, Zamaraev AV, Ataullakhanov FI, Rumyantsev AG. The Ways of the Virus: Interactions of Platelets and Red Blood Cells with SARS-CoV-2, and Their Potential Pathophysiological Significance in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17291. [PMID: 38139118 PMCID: PMC10743882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematological effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are important in COVID-19 pathophysiology. However, the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with platelets and red blood cells are still poorly understood. There are conflicting data regarding the mechanisms and significance of these interactions. The aim of this review is to put together available data and discuss hypotheses, the known and suspected effects of the virus on these blood cells, their pathophysiological and diagnostic significance, and the potential role of platelets and red blood cells in the virus's transport, propagation, and clearance by the immune system. We pay particular attention to the mutual activation of platelets, the immune system, the endothelium, and blood coagulation and how this changes with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. There is now convincing evidence that platelets, along with platelet and erythroid precursors (but not mature erythrocytes), are frequently infected by SARS-CoV-2 and functionally changed. The mechanisms of infection of these cells and their role are not yet entirely clear. Still, the changes in platelets and red blood cells in COVID-19 are significantly associated with disease severity and are likely to have prognostic and pathophysiological significance in the development of thrombotic and pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Department of Medical Physics, Physics Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 1 Samory Mashela, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Sveshnikova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 1 Samory Mashela, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physics and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Soslan S. Shakhidzhanov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 1 Samory Mashela, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Zamaraev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Ulitsa Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fazoil I. Ataullakhanov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 1 Samory Mashela, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 9 Institutskiy Per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aleksandr G. Rumyantsev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 1 Samory Mashela, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Polokhov D, Fedorova D, Ignatova A, Ponomarenko E, Rashevskaya E, Martyanov A, Podoplelova N, Aleksenko M, Mersiyanova I, Seregina E, Poletaev A, Truchina E, Raykina E, Plyasunova S, Novichkova G, Zharkov P, Panteleev M. Novel SLFN14 mutation associated with macrothrombocytopenia in a patient with severe haemorrhagic syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:74. [PMID: 37041648 PMCID: PMC10091655 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-type bleeding disorder 20 (BDPLT20), as known as SLFN14-related thrombocytopenia, is a rare inherited thrombocytopenia (IT). Previously, only 5 heterozygous missense mutations in the SLFN14 gene have been reported. METHODS A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of a 17-year-old female patient with macrothrombocytopenia and severe mucocutaneous bleeding was performed. Examination was carried out using standardized questionnaires to assess bleeding, high-throughput sequencing (Next Generation Sequencing), optical and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry with activation and analysis of intracellular calcium signaling of platelets, light transmission aggregometry and thrombus growth in the flow chamber. RESULTS Analysis of the patient's genotype revealed a previously undescribed c.655 A > G (p.K219E) variant in the hotspot of the SLFN14 gene. Immunofluorescence and brightfield examination of platelets in the smear showed heterogeneity in cells size, including giant forms over 10 μm (normal size 1-5) in diameter, with vacuolization and diffuse distribution of β1-tubulin and CD63. Activated platelets showed impaired contraction and shedding/internalization of GPIb. GP IIb/IIIa clustering was increased at rest and attenuated upon activation. Intracellular signalling study revealed impaired calcium mobilization upon TRAP 35.97 nM (reference range 180 ± 44) and CRP-XL 10.08 nM (56 ± 30) stimulation. Aggregation with ADP, collagen, TRAP, arachidonic acid and epinephrine was impaired in light transmission aggregometry; agglutination with ristocetin persisted. In the flow chamber with a shear rate of 400 s-1 platelet adhesion to collagen and clot growth were impaired. CONCLUSION The revealed disorders of phenotype, cytoskeleton and intracellular signaling explain the nature of SLFN14 platelet dysfunction and the patient's severe hemorrhagic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Polokhov
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Daria Fedorova
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Ignatova
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya Ponomarenko
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Rashevskaya
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Martyanov
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Podoplelova
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Aleksenko
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Mersiyanova
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Seregina
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr Poletaev
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Truchina
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Raykina
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Plyasunova
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Novichkova
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Zharkov
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Panteleev
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Vieira RC, Pinho LG, Westerberg LS. Understanding immunoactinopathies: A decade of research on WAS gene defects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13951. [PMID: 37102395 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunoactinopathies caused by mutations in actin-related proteins are a growing group of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Immunoactinopathies are caused by a dysregulated actin cytoskeleton and affect hematopoietic cells especially because of their unique capacity to survey the body for invading pathogens and altered self, such as cancer cells. These cell motility and cell-to-cell interaction properties depend on the dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is the archetypical immunoactinopathy and the first described. WAS is caused by loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator WASp, uniquely expressed in hematopoietic cells. Mutations in WAS cause a profound disturbance of actin cytoskeleton regulation of hematopoietic cells. Studies during the last 10 years have shed light on the specific effects on different hematopoietic cells, revealing that they are not affected equally by mutations in the WAS gene. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of how WASp controls nuclear and cytoplasmatic activities may help to find therapeutic alternatives according to the site of the mutation and clinical phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent findings that have added to the complexity and increased our understanding of WAS-related diseases and immunoactinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhaissa Calixto Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lia Goncalves Pinho
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Harper MT. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Arterial Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:259-275. [PMID: 37603285 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are necessary for normal haemostasis but also form life-threatening arterial thrombi when atherosclerotic plaques rupture. Activated platelets release many extracellular vesicles during thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing microparticles promote coagulation. Small exosomes released during granule secretion deliver cargoes including microRNAs to cells throughout the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which platelets release these extracellular vesicles, together with the possibility of inhibiting this release as an antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Bell JD. Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation-Old Pathways, New Problems. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3113. [PMID: 36551869 PMCID: PMC9775339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 suffer long-term symptoms, such as "brain fog", fatigue and clotting problems. Explanations for "long COVID" include immune imbalance, incomplete viral clearance and potentially, mitochondrial dysfunction. As conditions with sub-optimal mitochondrial function are associated with initial severity of the disease, their prior health could be key in resistance to long COVID and recovery. The SARs virus redirects host metabolism towards replication; in response, the host can metabolically react to control the virus. Resolution is normally achieved after viral clearance as the initial stress activates a hormetic negative feedback mechanism. It is therefore possible that, in some individuals with prior sub-optimal mitochondrial function, the virus can "tip" the host into a chronic inflammatory cycle. This might explain the main symptoms, including platelet dysfunction. Long COVID could thus be described as a virally induced chronic and self-perpetuating metabolically imbalanced non-resolving state characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, where reactive oxygen species continually drive inflammation and a shift towards glycolysis. This would suggest that a sufferer's metabolism needs to be "tipped" back using a stimulus, such as physical activity, calorie restriction, or chemical compounds that mimic these by enhancing mitochondrial function, perhaps in combination with inhibitors that quell the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- The Guy Foundation, Chedington Court, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3HY, UK
| | | | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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7
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Cavannaugh C, Ochs HD, Buchbinder D. Diagnosis and clinical management of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: current and emerging techniques. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:609-623. [PMID: 35533396 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2074400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) serves as the prototype of how variants in a gene which encodes a protein central to actin cytoskeletal homeostasis can manifest clinically in a variety of ways including infection, atopy, autoimmunity, inflammation, bleeding, neutropenia, non-malignant lymphoproliferation, and malignancy. Despite the discovery of the WAS gene almost 30 years ago, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying WAS continues to unfold. AREAS COVERED This review will provide an overview of the approach to the diagnosis of WAS as well as the management of its associated complications. Advances in the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy as well as the associated challenges unique to WAS will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION Basic research, combined with clinical research focusing on longitudinal analysis of WAS patients, will help clarify determinants that influence WAS pathogenesis as well as clinical complications and outcomes. Advances in curative approaches including the use of alternative donor HSCT for WAS continue to evolve. Gene therapy employing safer and more effective protocols ensuring full correction of WAS will provide life-saving benefit to WAS patients that are unable to undergo HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Cavannaugh
- Department of Pediatrics University of California at Irvine 333 The City Blvd. West Suite 800 Orange, CA 92868
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute Seattle, WA 98105
| | - David Buchbinder
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Orange County 1201 La Veta Avenue Orange, CA 92868
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8
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Adramerina A, Chainoglou N, Theodoridou S, Teli A, Economou M. Off Label Use of Eltrombopag and Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. A Case Report and Review of Literature. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.15264/cpho.2022.29.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis Adramerina
- 1st Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nancy Chainoglou
- 1st Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatia Theodoridou
- Blood Bank Centre, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Teli
- 1st Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Economou
- 1st Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Veuthey L, Aliotta A, Bertaggia Calderara D, Pereira Portela C, Alberio L. Mechanisms Underlying Dichotomous Procoagulant COAT Platelet Generation-A Conceptual Review Summarizing Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2536. [PMID: 35269679 PMCID: PMC8910683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Procoagulant platelets are a subtype of activated platelets that sustains thrombin generation in order to consolidate the clot and stop bleeding. This aspect of platelet activation is gaining more and more recognition and interest. In fact, next to aggregating platelets, procoagulant platelets are key regulators of thrombus formation. Imbalance of both subpopulations can lead to undesired thrombotic or bleeding events. COAT platelets derive from a common pro-aggregatory phenotype in cells capable of accumulating enough cytosolic calcium to trigger specific pathways that mediate the loss of their aggregating properties and the development of new adhesive and procoagulant characteristics. Complex cascades of signaling events are involved and this may explain why an inter-individual variability exists in procoagulant potential. Nowadays, we know the key agonists and mediators underlying the generation of a procoagulant platelet response. However, we still lack insight into the actual mechanisms controlling this dichotomous pattern (i.e., procoagulant versus aggregating phenotype). In this review, we describe the phenotypic characteristics of procoagulant COAT platelets, we detail the current knowledge on the mechanisms of the procoagulant response, and discuss possible drivers of this dichotomous diversification, in particular addressing the impact of the platelet environment during in vivo thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.V.); (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (C.P.P.)
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10
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Morozova DS, Martyanov AA, Obydennyi SI, Korobkin JJD, Sokolov AV, Shamova EV, Gorudko IV, Khoreva AL, Shcherbina A, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Ex vivo observation of granulocyte activity during thrombus formation. BMC Biol 2022; 20:32. [PMID: 35125118 PMCID: PMC8819951 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The process of thrombus formation is thought to involve interactions between platelets and leukocytes. Leukocyte incorporation into growing thrombi has been well established in vivo, and a number of properties of platelet-leukocyte interactions critical for thrombus formation have been characterized in vitro in thromboinflammatory settings and have clinical relevance. Leukocyte activity can be impaired in distinct hereditary and acquired disorders of immunological nature, among which is Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS). However, a more quantitative characterization of leukocyte behavior in thromboinflammatory conditions has been hampered by lack of approaches for its study ex vivo. Here, we aimed to develop an ex vivo model of thromboinflammation, and compared granulocyte behavior of WAS patients and healthy donors. Results Thrombus formation in anticoagulated whole blood from healthy volunteers and patients was visualized by fluorescent microscopy in parallel-plate flow chambers with fibrillar collagen type I coverslips. Moving granulocytes were observed in hirudinated or sodium citrate-recalcified blood under low wall shear rate conditions (100 s−1). These cells crawled around thrombi in a step-wise manner with an average velocity of 90–120 nm/s. Pre-incubation of blood with granulocyte priming agents lead to a significant decrease in mean-velocity of the cells and increase in the number of adherent cells. The leukocytes from patients with WAS demonstrated a 1.5-fold lower mean velocity, in line with their impaired actin polymerization. It is noteworthy that in an experimental setting where patients’ platelets were replaced with healthy donor’s platelets the granulocytes’ crawling velocity did not change, thus proving that WASP (WAS protein) deficiency causes disruption of granulocytes’ behavior. Thereby, the observed features of granulocytes crawling are consistent with the neutrophil chemotaxis phenomenon. As most of the crawling granulocytes carried procoagulant platelets teared from thrombi, we propose that the role of granulocytes in thrombus formation is that of platelet scavengers. Conclusions We have developed an ex vivo experimental model applicable for observation of granulocyte activity in thrombus formation. Using the proposed setting, we observed a reduction of motility of granulocytes of patients with WAS. We suggest that our ex vivo approach should be useful both for basic and for clinical research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01238-x.
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11
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Ignatova AA, Suntsova EV, Pshonkin AV, Martyanov AA, Ponomarenko EA, Polokhov DM, Fedorova DV, Voronin KA, Kotskaya NN, Trubina NM, Krasilnikova MV, Uzueva SS, Serkova IV, Ovsyannikova GS, Romanova KI, Hachatryan LA, Kalinina II, Matveev VE, Korsantiya MN, Smetanina NS, Evseev DA, Sadovskaya MN, Antonova KS, Khoreva AL, Zharkov PA, Shcherbina A, Sveshnikova AN, Maschan AA, Novichkova GA, Panteleev MA. Platelet function and bleeding at different phases of childhood immune thrombocytopenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9401. [PMID: 33931737 PMCID: PMC8087794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is believed to be associated with platelet function defects. However, their mechanisms are poorly understood, in particular with regard to differences between ITP phases, patient age, and therapy. We investigated platelet function and bleeding in children with either persistent or chronic ITP, with or without romiplostim therapy. The study included 151 children with ITP, of whom 56 had disease duration less than 12 months (grouped together as acute/persistent) and 95 were chronic. Samples of 57 healthy children were used as controls, while 5 patients with leukemia, 5 with aplastic anemia, 4 with MYH9-associated thrombocytopenia, and 7 with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were used as non-ITP thrombocytopenia controls. Whole blood flow cytometry revealed that platelets in both acute/persistent and chronic ITP were increased in size compared with healthy donors. They were also pre-activated as assessed by PAC1, CD62p, cytosolic calcium, and procoagulant platelet levels. This pattern was not observed in other childhood thrombocytopenias. Pre-activation by CD62p was higher in the bleeding group in the chronic ITP cohort only. Romiplostim treatment decreased size and pre-activation of the patient platelets, but not calcium. Our data suggest that increased size, pre-activation, and cytosolic calcium are common for all ITP platelets, but their association with bleeding could depend on the disease phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Ignatova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Suntsova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Alexey V Pshonkin
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Alexey A Martyanov
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Biochemical Physics (IBCP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A Ponomarenko
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry M Polokhov
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Daria V Fedorova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Kirill A Voronin
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Natalia N Kotskaya
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Natalia M Trubina
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Marina V Krasilnikova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Selima Sh Uzueva
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Irina V Serkova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Galina S Ovsyannikova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Ksenia I Romanova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Lili A Hachatryan
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Irina I Kalinina
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Viktor E Matveev
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Maya N Korsantiya
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Natalia S Smetanina
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Dmitry A Evseev
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Maria N Sadovskaya
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Kristina S Antonova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Anna L Khoreva
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Pavel A Zharkov
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Anastasia N Sveshnikova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey A Maschan
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Galina A Novichkova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, 1 Samory Mashela Str, Moscow, Russia, 117997. .,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Podoplelova NA, Nechipurenko DY, Ignatova AA, Sveshnikova AN, Panteleev MA. Procoagulant Platelets: Mechanisms of Generation and Action. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:146-153. [PMID: 33860522 DOI: 10.1055/a-1401-2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, it has been increasingly recognized that the major function of accelerating membrane-dependent reactions of blood coagulation is predominantly implemented by a subset of activated platelets. These procoagulant platelets (also called collagen- and thrombin-activated or COAT, coated, necrotic, although there could be subtle differences between these definitions) are uniquely characterized by both procoagulant activity and, at the same time, inactivated integrins and profibrinolytic properties. The mechanisms of their generation both in vitro and in situ have been increasingly becoming clear, suggesting unique and multidirectional roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. In this mini-review, we shall highlight the existing concepts and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Podoplelova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Y Nechipurenko
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ignatova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Sveshnikova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Abstract
Platelets are the major cellular contributor to arterial thrombosis. However, activated platelets form two distinct subpopulations during thrombosis. Pro-aggregatory platelets aggregate to form the main body of the thrombus. In contrast, procoagulant platelets expose phosphatidylserine on their outer surface and promote thrombin generation. This apparently all-or-nothing segregation into subpopulations indicates that, during activation, platelets commit to becoming procoagulant or pro-aggregatory. Although the signaling pathways that control this commitment are not understood, distinct cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in different subpopulations are likely to be central. In this review, we discuss how these Ca2+ signals control procoagulant platelet formation and whether this process can be targeted pharmacologically to prevent arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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14
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Rivers E, Rai R, Lötscher J, Hollinshead M, Markelj G, Thaventhiran J, Worth A, Cavazza A, Hess C, Bajaj-Elliott M, Thrasher AJ. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein regulates non-selective autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in human myeloid cells. eLife 2020; 9:55547. [PMID: 33135633 PMCID: PMC7673780 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeletal regulator Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) has been implicated in maintenance of the autophagy-inflammasome axis in innate murine immune cells. Here, we show that WASp deficiency is associated with impaired rapamycin-induced autophagosome formation and trafficking to lysosomes in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). WASp reconstitution in vitro and in WAS patients following clinical gene therapy restores autophagic flux and is dependent on the actin-related protein complex ARP2/3. Induction of mitochondrial damage with CCCP, as a model of selective autophagy, also reveals a novel ARP2/3-dependent role for WASp in formation of sequestrating actin cages and maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity. Furthermore, mitochondrial respiration is suppressed in WAS patient MDMs and unable to achieve normal maximal activity when stressed, indicating profound intrinsic metabolic dysfunction. Taken together, we provide evidence of new and important roles of human WASp in autophagic processes and immunometabolic regulation, which may mechanistically contribute to the complex WAS immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rivers
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Rai
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gasper Markelj
- Department of Allergy, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - James Thaventhiran
- Medical Research Council-Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Austen Worth
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Khoreva A, Abramova I, Deripapa E, Rodina Y, Roppelt A, Pershin D, Larin S, Voronin K, Maschan A, Novichkova G, Shcherbina A. Efficacy of romiplostim in treatment of thrombocytopenia in children with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:366-374. [PMID: 33131064 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a life-threatening primary immunodeficiency associated with bleeding of variable severity due to thrombocytopenia. Correction of the thrombocytopenia is of paramount importance for most WAS patients. We report a retrospective analysis of the safety and efficacy of romiplostim treatment in reducing thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency in 67 children (median age 1·3 years) with genetically confirmed WAS, followed in eight months (range, 1-12 months). Complete or partial primary responses regarding platelet counts were observed in 22 (33%) and 18 (27%) subjects, respectively. Yet, even in the non-responder group, the risk of haemorrhagic events decreased significantly, to 21%, after the first month of treatment. The responses tended to be durable and stable over time, with no significant fluctuations in platelets counts. The results of this retrospective study of a large cohort of WAS patients demonstrates that romiplostim can be used to increase platelet counts and reduce the risks of life-threatening bleeding in WAS patients awaiting haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or forgoing the procedure for various reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khoreva
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Abramova
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Deripapa
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Rodina
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Roppelt
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Pershin
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Larin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Voronin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Maschan
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Novichkova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Nechipurenko DY, Shibeko AM, Sveshnikova AN, Panteleev MA. In Silico Hemostasis Modeling and Prediction. Hamostaseologie 2020; 40:524-535. [PMID: 32916753 DOI: 10.1055/a-1213-2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational physiology, i.e., reproduction of physiological (and, by extension, pathophysiological) processes in silico, could be considered one of the major goals in computational biology. One might use computers to simulate molecular interactions, enzyme kinetics, gene expression, or whole networks of biochemical reactions, but it is (patho)physiological meaning that is usually the meaningful goal of the research even when a single enzyme is its subject. Although exponential rise in the use of computational and mathematical models in the field of hemostasis and thrombosis began in the 1980s (first for blood coagulation, then for platelet adhesion, and finally for platelet signal transduction), the majority of their successful applications are still focused on simulating the elements of the hemostatic system rather than the total (patho)physiological response in situ. Here we discuss the state of the art, the state of the progress toward the efficient "virtual thrombus formation," and what one can already get from the existing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Y Nechipurenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey M Shibeko
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Sveshnikova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Reddy EC, Rand ML. Procoagulant Phosphatidylserine-Exposing Platelets in vitro and in vivo. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:15. [PMID: 32195268 PMCID: PMC7062866 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological heterogeneity of platelets leads to diverse responses and the formation of discrete subpopulations upon platelet stimulation. Procoagulant platelets are an example of such subpopulations, a key characteristic of which is exposure either of the anionic aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) or of tissue factor on the activated platelet surface. This review focuses on the former, in which PS exposure on a subpopulation of platelets facilitates assembly of the intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complexes, thereby accelerating thrombin generation on the activated platelet surface, contributing importantly to the hemostatic process. Mechanisms involved in platelet PS exposure, and accompanying events, induced by physiologically relevant agonists are considered then contrasted with PS exposure resulting from intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis in platelets. Pathologies of PS exposure, both inherited and acquired, are described. A consideration of platelet PS exposure as an antithrombotic target concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Reddy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret L Rand
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Biochemistry, and Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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