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Demanelis K, Delgado DA, Tong L, Jasmine F, Ahmed A, Islam T, Parvez F, Kibriya MG, Graziano JH, Ahsan H, Pierce BL. Somatic loss of the Y chromosome is associated with arsenic exposure among Bangladeshi men. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1035-1046. [PMID: 36130227 PMCID: PMC10695470 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure increases the risk of several cancers in humans and contributes to genomic instability. Somatic loss of the Y chromosome (LoY) is a potential biomarker of genomic instability and cancer risk. Smoking is associated with LoY, but few other carcinogens have been investigated. We tested the cross-sectional association between arsenic exposure and LoY in leukocytes among genotyped Bangladeshi men (age 20-70 years) from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study. METHODS We extracted the median of logR-ratios from probes on the Y chromosome (mLRR-chrY) from genotyping arrays (n = 1364) and estimated the percentage of cells with LoY (% LoY) from mLRR-chrY. We evaluated the association between arsenic exposure (measured in drinking water and urine) and LoY using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. The association between LoY and incident arsenic-induced skin lesions was also examined. RESULTS Ten percent of genotyped men had LoY in at least 5% of cells and % LoY increased with age. Among men randomly selected for genotyping (n = 778), higher arsenic in drinking water, arsenic consumed and urinary arsenic were associated with increased % LoY (P = 0.006, P = 0.06 and P = 0.13, respectively). LoY was associated with increased risk of incident skin lesions (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Arsenic exposure was associated with increased LoY, providing additional evidence that arsenic contributes to genomic instability. LoY was associated with developing skin lesions, a risk factor for cancer, suggesting that LoY may be a biomarker of susceptibility in arsenic-exposed populations. The effect of arsenic on somatic events should be further explored in cancer-prone tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Demanelis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dayana A Delgado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dawoud AA, Tapper WJ, Cross NC. Age-related loss of chromosome Y is associated with levels of sex hormone binding globulin and clonal hematopoiesis defined by TET2, TP53, and CBL mutations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9746. [PMID: 37083525 PMCID: PMC10121166 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mosaic loss of the Y-chromosome (LOY) in peripheral blood leukocytes is the most common somatic alteration in men and linked to wide range of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. LOY is associated with age, smoking, and constitutional genetics. Here, we aimed to assess the relationships between LOY, serum biomarkers, and clonal hematopoiesis (CH). LOY in U.K. Biobank was strongly associated with levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a key regulator of testosterone bioavailability. Mendelian randomization suggested a causal effect of SHBG on LOY but there was no evidence for an effect of LOY on SHBG. In contrast, age-related CH defined by somatic driver mutations was not associated with SHBG but was associated with LOY at clonal fractions above 30%. TET2, TP53, and CBL mutations were enriched in LOY cases, but JAK2 V617F was depleted. Our findings thus identify independent relationships between LOY, sex hormone levels, and CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Z. Dawoud
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - William J. Tapper
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nicholas C. P. Cross
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP2 8BJ, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Ocañas SR, Ansere VA, Kellogg CM, Isola JVV, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Freeman WM. Chromosomal and gonadal factors regulate microglial sex effects in the aging brain. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:157-171. [PMID: 36804773 PMCID: PMC10810555 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex contributes to phenotypic sex effects through genetic (sex chromosomal) and hormonal (gonadal) mechanisms. There are profound sex differences in the prevalence and progression of age-related brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammation of neural tissue is one of the most consistent age-related phenotypes seen with healthy aging and disease. The pro-inflammatory environment of the aging brain has primarily been attributed to microglial reactivity and adoption of heterogeneous reactive states dependent upon intrinsic (i.e., sex) and extrinsic (i.e., age, disease state) factors. Here, we review sex effects in microglia across the lifespan, explore potential genetic and hormonal molecular mechanisms of microglial sex effects, and discuss currently available models and methods to study sex effects in the aging brain. Despite recent attention to this area, significant further research is needed to mechanistically understand the regulation of microglial sex effects across the lifespan, which may open new avenues for sex informed prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Victor A Ansere
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Collyn M Kellogg
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jose V V Isola
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Vynck M, Nollet F, Sibbens L, Devos H. Chimerism monitoring using biallelic single nucleotide or insertion/deletion polymorphisms: how many markers to screen? Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Contrary to earlier beliefs, every cell in the individual is genetically different due to somatic mutations. Consequently, tissues become a mixture of cells with distinct genomes, a phenomenon termed somatic mosaicism. Recent advances in genome sequencing technology have unveiled possible causes of mutations and how they shape the unique mutational landscape of the tissues. Moreover, the analysis of sequencing data in combination with clinical information has revealed the impacts of somatic mosaicism on disease processes. In this review, we discuss somatic mosaicism in various tissues and its clinical implications for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Horitani
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Soichi Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;
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Riaz M, Mattisson J, Polekhina G, Bakshi A, Halvardson J, Danielsson M, Ameur A, McNeil J, Forsberg LA, Lacaze P. A polygenic risk score predicts mosaic loss of chromosome Y in circulating blood cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:205. [PMID: 34895331 PMCID: PMC8667399 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) is the most common somatic change that occurs in circulating white blood cells of older men. LOY in leukocytes is associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and a range of common disease such as hematological and non-hematological cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular events. Recent genome-wide association studies identified up to 156 germline variants associated with risk of LOY. The objective of this study was to use these variants to calculate a novel polygenic risk score (PRS) for LOY, and to assess the predictive performance of this score in a large independent population of older men. Results We calculated a PRS for LOY in 5131 men aged 70 years and older. Levels of LOY were estimated using microarrays and validated by whole genome sequencing. After adjusting for covariates, the PRS was a significant predictor of LOY (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74 per standard deviation of the PRS, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.62–1.86, p < 0.001). Men in the highest quintile of the PRS distribution had > fivefold higher risk of LOY than the lowest (OR = 5.05, 95% CI 4.05–6.32, p < 0.001). Adding the PRS to a LOY prediction model comprised of age, smoking and alcohol consumption significantly improved prediction (AUC = 0.628 [CI 0.61–0.64] to 0.695 [CI 0.67–0.71], p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that a PRS for LOY could become a useful tool for risk prediction and targeted intervention for common disease in men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00716-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Mattisson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonatan Halvardson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Danielsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,The Beijer Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Guo X, Li J, Xue J, Fenech M, Wang X. Loss of Y chromosome: An emerging next-generation biomarker for disease prediction and early detection? MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108389. [PMID: 34893154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As human life expectancy increases substantially and aging is the primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, there is an urgent need for advancing the development of post-genomic era biomarkers that can be used for disease prediction and early detection (DPED). Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) is the state of nullisomy Y in sub-groups of somatic cells acquired from different post-zygotic development stages and onwards throughout the lifespan. Multiple large-cohort based epidemiology studies have found that LOY in blood cells is a significant risk factor for future mortality and various diseases in males. Many features intrinsic to LOY analysis may be leveraged to enhance its use as a non-invasive, sensitive, reliable, high throughput-biomarker for DPED. Here, we review the emerging literatures in LOY studies and highlight ten strengths for using LOY as a novel biomarker for genomics-driven DPED diagnostics. Meanwhile, the current limitations in this area are also discussed. We conclude by identifying some important knowledge gaps regarding the consequences of malsegregation of the Y chromosome and propose further steps that are required before clinical implementation of LOY. Taken together, we think that LOY has substantial potential as a biomarker for DPED, despite some hurdles that still need to be addressed before its integration into healthcare becomes acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Jianfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, 5048, Australia; University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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Loss of Y and clonal hematopoiesis in blood-two sides of the same coin? Leukemia 2021; 36:889-891. [PMID: 34725452 PMCID: PMC8885420 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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