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Huo JL, Feng Q, Pan S, Fu WJ, Liu Z, Liu Z. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Early diagnostic biomarkers, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:256. [PMID: 37479697 PMCID: PMC10362058 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mainly refers to myocardial metabolic dysfunction caused by high glucose, and hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiac function in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. DCM, which is a severe complication of diabetes, has become the leading cause of heart failure in diabetic patients. The initial symptoms are inconspicuous, and patients gradually exhibit left ventricular dysfunction and eventually develop total heart failure, which brings a great challenge to the early diagnosis of DCM. To date, the underlying pathological mechanisms of DCM are complicated and have not been fully elucidated. Although there are therapeutic strategies available for DCM, the treatment is mainly focused on controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, and there is a lack of effective drugs targeting myocardial injury. Thus, a large percentage of patients with DCM inevitably develop heart failure. Given the neglected initial symptoms, the intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the lack of available drugs, it is necessary to explore early diagnostic biomarkers, further understand the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DCM, summarize the current therapeutic strategies, and develop new targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Huo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qi Feng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jia Fu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
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Wang QH, Li W, Jiang YX, Lu XH, Wang GG. The extract from Agkistrodon halys venom protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:176. [PMID: 31315617 PMCID: PMC6637617 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snake venoms contain various bioactive constituents which possess potential therapeutic effects. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the extract from Agkistrodon halys venom on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups (10 rats per group): control group, LPS group and LPS + extract group. Rats in control and the LPS groups were intravenously injected with sterile saline solution, and rats in the LPS + extract group with the extract. After 2 h, rats of the control group were intraperitoneally injected sterile saline solution, and rats in the LPS and the LPS + extract groups were treated with LPS (20 mg per kg body weight). Levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were determined. Anti-inflammation of the extract was analyzed via determination of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum, and expression of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2 and p-ERK protein in hearts. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and p-NF-κB protein expression in hearts, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum were used to evaluate the anti-oxidative properties of the extract. RESULTS Extract pretreatment significantly decreased the level of serum CK and LDH, reduced the generation of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and also reduced serum level of MDA in the LPS + extract group compared with the LPS group. In addition, the extract increased SOD activity in serum, HO-1 protein expression in hearts, and decreased TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, p-NF-κB and p-ERK1/2 protein expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that beneficial effect of this extract might be associated with an improved anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effect via downregulation of NF-κB/COX-2 signaling by activating HO-1/CO in hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Hai Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Guo-Guang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Estevão-Costa MI, Sanz-Soler R, Johanningmeier B, Eble JA. Snake venom components in medicine: From the symbolic rod of Asclepius to tangible medical research and application. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:94-113. [PMID: 30261311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both mythologically and logically, snakes have always fascinated man. Snakes have attracted both awe and fear not only because of the elegant movement of their limbless bodies, but also because of the potency of their deadly venoms. Practically, in 2017, the world health organization (WHO) listed snake envenomation as a high priority neglected disease, as snakes inflict up to 2.7 million poisonous bites, around 100.000 casualties, and about three times as many invalidities on man. The venoms of poisonous snakes are a cocktail of potent compounds which specifically and avidly target numerous essential molecules with high efficacy. The individual effects of all venom toxins integrate into lethal dysfunctions of almost any organ system. It is this efficacy and specificity of each venom component, which after analysis of its structure and activity may serve as a potential lead structure for chemical imitation. Such toxin mimetics may help in influencing a specific body function pharmaceutically for the sake of man's health. In this review article, we will give some examples of snake venom components which have spurred the development of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Moreover, we will provide examples where such snake toxin-derived mimetics are in clinical use, trials, or consideration for further pharmaceutical exploitation, especially in the fields of hemostasis, thrombosis, coagulation, and metastasis. Thus, it becomes clear why a snake captured its symbolic place at the Asclepius rod with good reason still nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Inacia Estevão-Costa
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanz-Soler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Johanningmeier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Liu X, Liang E, Song X, Du Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Inhibition of Pin1 alleviates myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:109-15. [PMID: 27634219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic management of diabetic myocardial fibrosis remains an unsolved clinical problem. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, impacts diverse cellular processes and plays a pivotal role in regulating cardiac pathophysiology. Here we investigate the potential mechanism of action of Pin1 and its role in diabetes-induced myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction in mice. Cardiac Pin1, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and extracellular matrix deposits (collagen I and III) are found to be increased in diabetic mice, which are effectively prevented by Pin1 inhibition by juglone. Pin1 inhibition alleviates cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In vitro, high glucose increases Pin1 expression with an accompanying increase in phospho-Akt (Ser 473), p-Smad2, p-Smad3, TGF-β1, and α-SMA in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). These increases are effectively prevented by the inhibition of Pin1 by juglone. Furthermore, Pin1 inhibition inhibits HG-induced CF proliferation and migration. Our results indicate that Pin1 inhibition attenuates cardiac extracellular matrix deposition by regulating the phosphorylation of Akt, TGF-β1/Smads, MMP activities, and α-SMA expression in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ershun Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuhui Song
- The People's Hospital of JimoCity, Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China
| | - Zhanhui Du
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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