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Islam MR, Kim NS, Jung JW, Kim HB, Han SC, Yang MS. Spontaneous pepsin C-catalyzed activation of human pepsinogen C in transgenic rice cell suspension culture: Production and characterization of human pepsin C. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 108:66-73. [PMID: 29108629 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A human pepsinogen C (hPGC) gene was synthesized with rice-optimized codon usage and cloned into a rice expression vector containing the promoter, signal peptide, and terminator derived from the rice α-amylase 3D (Ramy3D) gene. In addition, a 6-His tag was added to the 3' end of the synthetic hPGC gene for easy purification. The plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The integration of the hPGC gene into the chromosome of the transgenic rice callus and hPGC expression in transgenic rice cell suspensions was verified via genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification and Northern blot analysis. Western blot analysis indicated both hPGC and its mature form, human pepsin C, with masses of 42- and 36-kDa in the culture medium under sugar starvation conditions. Human pepsin C was purified from the culture medium using a Ni-NTA agarose column and the NH2-terminal 5-residue sequences were verified by amino acid sequencing. The hydrolyzing activity of human pepsin C was confirmed using bovine hemoglobin as a substrate. The optimum pH and temperature for pepsin activity were 2.0 and 40°C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyazul Islam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Boon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Chon Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Tong Y, Wu Y, Song Z, Yu Y, Yu X. The potential value of serum pepsinogen for the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis among the health check-up populations in China: a diagnostic clinical research. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:88. [PMID: 28728545 PMCID: PMC5520218 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the validity of the measurement of pepsinogen as a screening test for chronic atrophic gastritis (AG) in health check-up populations in China. METHODS Patients from consecutive regular health check-up were enrolled from January 2014 to June 2015. Endoscopy, combined with monitoring the Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections, and measuring the serum pepsinogen (PG) were used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of PG for the screening of atrophic gastritis. Histopathology was assessed by the Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) system. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. RESULTS The total Hp infection rate was 40%. Based on pathology, the 996 participants were divided into three groups: non-atrophic (NAG), mild-moderate atrophic (MAG): stage I and II of the OLGA classification, and severe atrophic (SAG): stage III and IV of the OLGA classification. Compared with NAG and MAG groups, PGR decreased significantly in SAG group (p < 0.05). PGI and PGII levels were significantly elevated in Hp-positive group, while the PGR was markedly decreased (p < 0.01). When MAG and SAG groups were combined and compared with NAG group, the best cutoff value for atrophy diagnosis was PGI ≤50.3 ng/ml; the cutoff value in Hp-negative group was absolutely higher than in Hp-positive group. When NAG and MAG groups were combined and compared with the SAG group, the best cutoff value for diagnosis of severe atrophy was at PGR ≤4.28. The cutoff values in Hp-negative and Hp-positive groups were calculated at PGR ≤6.28 and ≤4.28, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pepsinogens play an important role in the identification of patients with atrophic gastritis and severe AG. Use of different cutoff values of PG for Hp-negative and Hp-positive groups may offer greater efficacy in the diagnosis of AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tong
- International HealthCare Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, NO.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Wu
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, NO.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenya Song
- International HealthCare Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, NO.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Yu
- International HealthCare Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, NO.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- International HealthCare Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, NO.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Lee SP, Lee SY, Kim JH, Sung IK, Park HS, Shim CS. Link between Serum Pepsinogen Concentrations and Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:796-802. [PMID: 28378553 PMCID: PMC5383612 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.5.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum pepsinogen (PG) assay findings are correlated with the status of Helicobacter pylori infection, but there are controversies on the link with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopic findings. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of a serum PG assay for correlating with endoscopic findings in H. pylori-seroprevalent adult population. Korean adults who visited for a health check-up were included consecutively. Subjects after gastrectomy or H. pylori eradication were excluded. After completing the serum PG assay and anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer on the same day of UGI endoscopy, subjects with equivocal serology test finding or gastric neoplasm were excluded. Of the 4,830 included subjects, 3,116 (64.5%) were seropositive for H. pylori. Seropositive finding was related to high serum PG I (P < 0.001) and PG II (P < 0.001) concentrations, low PG I/II ratio (P < 0.001), old age (P < 0.001), and male gender (P = 0.006). After adjusting age and gender, the serum PG I and II concentrations were positively correlated with the presence of nodular gastritis (NG) (all P = 0.003). The serum PG I was positively correlated with gastric ulcer (P = 0.003), and it was correlated with duodenal ulcer in seropositive subjects (P = 0.008). The PG I/II ratio was positively correlated with erosive esophagitis, while it was inversely related to chronic atrophic gastritis and metaplastic gastritis (all P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the serum PG assay finding correlates well with the UGI endoscopic finding. A higher serum PG concentration in subjects with NG and peptic ulcer disease suggests that endoscopic findings reflect gastric secreting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Kyung Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Sup Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Huang YK, Yu JC, Kang WM, Ma ZQ, Ye X, Tian SB, Yan C. Significance of Serum Pepsinogens as a Biomarker for Gastric Cancer and Atrophic Gastritis Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142080. [PMID: 26556485 PMCID: PMC4640555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pepsinogens are considered promising serological biomarkers for the screening of atrophic gastritis (AG) and gastric cancer (GC). However, there has been controversy in the literature with respect to the validity of serum pepsinogen (SPG) for the detection of GC and AG. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SPG in GC and AG detection. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for correlative original studies published up to September 30, 2014. The summary sensitivity, specificity, positive diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR+), negative diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR-), area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were used to evaluate SPG in GC and AG screening based on bivariate random effects models. The inter-study heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 statistics and publication bias was assessed using Begg and Mazumdar's test. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore study heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 31 studies involving 1,520 GC patients and 2,265 AG patients were included in the meta-analysis. The summary sensitivity, specificity, DLR+, DLR-, AUC and DOR for GC screening using SPG were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60-0.76), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.62-0.82), 2.57 (95% CI: 1.82-3.62), and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.34-0.54), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72-0.80) and 6.01 (95% CI: 3.69-9.79), respectively. For AG screening, the summary sensitivity, specificity, DLR+, DLR-, AUC and DOR were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55-0.80), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94), 5.80 (95% CI: 3.06-10.99), and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.24-0.51), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.88) and 16.50 (95% CI: 8.18-33.28), respectively. In subgroup analysis, the use of combination of concentration of PGI and the ratio of PGI:PGII as measurement of SPG for GC screening yielded sensitivity of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.66-0.75), specificity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.79-0.80), DOR of 6.92 (95% CI: 4.36-11.00), and AUC of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72-0.81), while the use of concentration of PGI yielded sensitivity of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.51-0.60), specificity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82), DOR of 6.88 (95% CI: 2.30-20.60), and AUC of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73-0.92). For AG screening, the use of ratio of PGI:PGII as measurement of SPG yielded sensitivity of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52-0.83), specificity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.68-0.93), DOR of 11.51 (95% CI: 6.14-21.56), and AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86), the use of combination of concentration of PGI and the ratio of PGI:PGII yield sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.85), specificity of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.93), DOR of 24.64 (95% CI: 6.95-87.37), and AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.92), concurrently, the use of concentration of PGI yield sensitivity of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.38-0.54), specificity of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95), DOR of 19.86 (95% CI: 0.86-456.91), and AUC of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.52-1.00). CONCLUSION SPG has great potential as a noninvasive, population-based screening tool in GC and AG screening. In addition, given the potential publication bias and high heterogeneity of the included studies, further high quality studies are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-kai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-chun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei-ming Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-bo Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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He CZ, Zhang KH. Serum protein and genetic tumor markers of gastric carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3437-42. [PMID: 23886124 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of gastric cancer and consequent mortality pose severe threats to human health. Early screening, diagnosis and treatment are the key to improve the prognosis of the patients with gastric cancer. Gastroscopy with biopsy is an efficient method for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer, but the associated discomfort and high cost make it difficult to be a routine method for screening gastric cancer. Serum tumor marker assay is a simple and practical method for detection of gastric cancer, but it is limited by poor sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, people have been looking for novel serum markers of gastric cancer in recent years. Here we review the novel serum tumor markers of gastric cancer and their diagnostic significance, focusing on the discoveries from serum proteomics analyses and epigenetics researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Zhu He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang, China.
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Huang M, Tang AG, Mu S, Yang JJ, Xiang ZY, Liu B, Yang JJ. Serum pepsinogen reference intervals in apparently healthy Chinese population with latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:350-4. [PMID: 24170207 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Serum pepsinogen (sPG) has been used to help in diagnosing atrophic corpus gastritis and in screening for gastric cancer non-invasively. There are as yet no reports on sPG reference intervals (RIs) with latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (LIA). In this study, we established the RIs for sPG in a healthy Chinese population using LIA. METHODS Serum PGI and PGII levels in a healthy population (aged 17-80 years) were measured simultaneously using LIA. RIs were determined following Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines using a non-parametric method. RESULTS 95% RIs in men (ng/mL) were: ≤40 years old, 25.53-100.76 for PGI and ≤24.42 for PGII; 41-50 years old, 26.62-124.74 for PGI and ≤26.81 for PGII; and 51-80 years old, 30.40-153.25 for PGI and ≤32.62 for PGII. Corresponding RIs for women (ng/mL) were: ≤40 years old, 21.20-87.44 for PGI and ≤25.53 for PGII; and 41-80 years, 26.40-127.46 for PGI and ≤30.18 for PGII. 95% RI for PGI/PGII in both men and women at any age was ≥2.51. CONCLUSIONS We established the RIs for sPG using LIA in a healthy Chinese population, which can provide a reference for clinical and laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, , Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Hassan MI, Toor A, Ahmad F. Progastriscin: structure, function, and its role in tumor progression. J Mol Cell Biol 2010; 2:118-27. [PMID: 20231168 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjq001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Progastricsin (PGC) is a major seminal plasma protein having aspartyl proteinases-like activity and showing close sequence similarity to pepsins. PGC is also present as zymogen in gastric mucosa. In this article, we have reviewed all important features of PGC. Furthermore, we have compared all features of PGC with those of different aspartyl proteinases. The complete amino acid sequence of PGC reveals that it is composed of 374 residues (gastricsin moiety of 331 residues and the activation segment of 43 residues). The gene of human PGC is located at single locus on chromosome 6, whereas the human pepsinogen genetic locus is polymorphic and codes for at least three distinct polypeptide sequences on chromosome 11. The major useful function of PGC includes production of pro-antimicrobial substance in seminal plasma. The crystal structure of human PGC is known, which shows that it is quite similar to that of porcine pepsinogen. The tertiary structure of PGC is comprised of commonly bilobal structure with a large active-site cleft between the lobes. Two aspartate residues in the center of the cleft, namely Asp32 and Asp215, function as catalytic residues. The sequence and structural features of PGC indicate that it is diverged from its pepsinogen ancestor in the early phase of the evolution of gastric aspartyl proteinases. Our detailed review of PGC structure, function and activation mechanism will also be of interest to cancer biologists as well as gastroenterologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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