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Kanda T, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Ishii K, Suzuki R, Inoue J, Tsuchiya A, Nakamoto S, Abe R, Fujiwara K, Yokosuka O, Li TC, Kunita S, Yotsuyanagi H, Okamoto H. Recent advances in hepatitis A virus research and clinical practice guidelines for hepatitis A virus infection in Japan. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:4-23. [PMID: 37906585 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, there was a hepatitis A outbreak in Japan, and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is considered a sexually transmitted disease. In general, patients with hepatitis A should be given attention, and this disease should be prevented more than ever. The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV) Study Group has worked on the project to create "Recent Advances in Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Research and Clinical Practice Guidelines for HAV Infection in Japan". The group consists of expert hepatologists and virologists who gathered at virtual meeting on August 5, 2023. Data about the pathogenesis, infection routes, diagnosis, complications, several factors for the severities, vaccination, and current and future treatments for hepatitis A were discussed and debated for a draft version. The participants assessed the quality of cited studies. The finalized recommendations are presented in this review. The recent advances in HAV research and clinical practice for HAV infection in Japan, have been reviewed by the AMED HAV and HEV Study Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki-Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ishii
- Department of Quality Assurance and Radiological Protection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Abe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunita
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital of the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Lim DH, Sohn W, Jeong JY, Oh H, Lee JG, Yoon EL, Kim TY, Nam S, Sohn JH. The chronological changes in the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus IgG from 2005 to 2019: Experience at four centers in the capital area of South Korea. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31639. [PMID: 36482612 PMCID: PMC9726277 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although universal vaccination has been administered to toddlers, South Korea has had periodic nationwide outbreaks of acute hepatitis A since the late 2000s. We examined the chronological changes in the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) over the past 15 years (2005-2019). We retrospectively collected data from 45,632 subjects who underwent anti-HAV IgG testing without evidence of acute HAV infection at four centers in the capital area of South Korea between January 2005 and December 2019. The seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG was analyzed according to age and compared among seven age groups and five time periods. Additionally, age-period-cohort analyses were used to identify the age, period, and cohort effects of the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG. The mean age of the enrolled subjects was 39.2 ± 19.2 years, and the average anti-HAV IgG positivity rate was 66.4%. During the 15 years, the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in people aged 0 to 19 years significantly increased over time (P < .001). In people aged 20 to 29 years, the seroprevalence slightly decreased to that of the early 2010s (31.3% in 2005-2007 to 19.7% in 2011-2013) but rebounded to 39.5% in 2017 to 2019. In contrast, the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in those aged 30 to 49 years decreased over time (P < .001). The seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in those aged 20 to 39 years in 2017 to 2019 was still less than 40%. In addition, the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in people aged 50 to 59 years has recently decreased. Since the introduction of the universal vaccination, the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in children and young adults has gradually increased. However, the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in people in their 20s remains low, and the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in people in their 30s and 40s is gradually decreasing. Therefore, a new strategy for HAV vaccination is needed for those in their 20s to 40s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * Correspondence: Jae Yoon Jeong, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, 245, Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
| | - Hyunwoo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jae Gon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Eileen L. Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seungwoo Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
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Kim SK, Yoo K, Huh J. Assay Sensitivity Difference Can Induce Anti-Hepatitis A Virus IgM Non-Reactive But Total (IgM and IgG) Reactive Results in Early Acute Hepatitis A. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e287. [PMID: 36163480 PMCID: PMC9512680 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM non-reactive and anti-HAV total (immunoglobulin [Ig] M and IgG) reactive results are generally interpreted as immunity to HAV, some early acute hepatitis A patients show the same results. We compared IgM detection sensitivity between anti-HAV IgM and anti-HAV total assays. Acute hepatitis A patients' samples were serially diluted and tested with Elecsys anti-HAV IgM and total assay (Roche Diagnostics). This resulted in anti-HAV IgM non-reactive but anti-HAV total reactive results. Samples of two hepatitis A patients showing false-negative anti-HAV IgM at initial presentation were analyzed with Elecsys, Atellica (Siemens Healthineers), and Alinity (Abbott Laboratories) HAV assays. Elecsys, Atellica, and Alinity anti-HAV IgM converted reactive on hospital day 3, whereas Elecsys and Atellica anti-HAV total results were reactive from hospital day 1. The anti-HAV total assay had higher sensitivity in detecting IgM antibodies than the anti-HAV IgM assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwon Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Martini S, Suryadi Rahman F. Determinants of hepatitis A infection among students: A case study of an outbreak in Jember, Indonesia. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34595900 PMCID: PMC8859719 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis A often occurs in school among students in the form of an outbreak. The transmission was through fecal-oral (Common Source) provided that the epidemic curve is close to propagated. The aim of the current study was to analyze the determinants of Hepatitis A Infection among students. Design and methods: This study was a case-control study which was conducted at SMAN Plus with a sample size of 80 students chosen by using simple random sampling. The data obtained were then analyzed using logistic regression with 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), while the strength of the relationship between variables was identified using Odds Ratio (OR). RESULTS Most of the students were at the age of 17 to 19 years old (65%) and male (57.5%). The average age in the case group was 17.1 years old, while in the control group was 16.75 years old. The habit of consuming raw foods (p = 0.001) as well as eating and drink at the same time during an activity (p = 0.000) had a significant influence on the outbreak of Hepatitis A in the curve epidemic of common source. CONCLUSIONS The outbreak is confirmed as a transmission occurs through fecal-oral which the common source epidemic curve. Risk factors that have been proven to be related to Hepatitis A include consuming raw food, eating shared meals during an activity, and drinking with shared drinking utensils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Martini
- Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
| | - Firman Suryadi Rahman
- Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
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Genetic diversity, haplotype analysis, and risk factor assessment of hepatitis A virus isolates from the West Bank, Palestine during the period between 2014 and 2016. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240339. [PMID: 33306686 PMCID: PMC7732126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the major causes of acute viral hepatitis. HAV genotypes and its genetic diversity is rarely investigated in our region as well as worldwide. Aims The aims of the present study were to determine the HAV genotypes and its risk factors and to investigate the genetic diversity of the HAV isolates in the West Bank, Palestine. Study design A cohort of 161 clinically and laboratory-confirmed HAV (IgM-positive) cases and 170 apparently healthy controls from all the districts of the West Bank, Palestine during the period of 2014 to 2016 were tested for HAV infection using IgM antibodies, RT-PCR and sequence analysis of the VP3/VP1 junction region of the HAV genome. Phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity and haplotypes analysis were used to characterize the VP3/VP1 sequences. Results All the 34 sequences of the HAV were found to be of HAV-IB sub-genotype. The phylogenetic analysis showed four main clusters with cluster III exclusively consisting of 18 Palestinian isolates (18/23-78%), but with weak bootstrap values. A high haplotype diversity (Hd) and low nucleotide diversity (π) were observed. Cluster III showed high number of haplotypes (h = 8), but low haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd = 0.69). A total of 28 active haplotypes with some consisting of more than one sequence were observed using haplotype network analysis. The Palestinian haplotypes are characterized by closely related viral haplotypes with one SNV away from each other which ran parallel to cluster III in the phylogenetic tree. A smaller Palestinian haplotype (4 isolates) was three SNVs away from the major haplotype cluster (n = 10) and closer to others haplotypes from Iran, Spain, and South Africa. Young age, low level of parent’s education, infrequent hand washing before meals, and drinking of un-treated water were considered the major HAV risk factors in the present study. Conclusion Haplotype network analysis revealed haplotype variation among the HAV Palestinian sequences despite low genetic variation and nucleotide diversity. In addition, this study reconfirmed that age and parent’s level of education as HAV risk factors, while hand washing and treating drinking water as protective factors.
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Abstract
Despite consistent public health efforts, the burden of viral disease in India remains high. The present study was undertaken to understand the aetiology, frequency and distribution of viral disease outbreaks in the state of Odisha between 2010 and 2019. This was a prospective study conducted at the Virology Research and Diagnostic Laboratory located at ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, wherein all the outbreaks of viral aetiologies were investigated and analysed to provide a comprehensive picture of the state of viral disease outbreaks in the region. A total of 191 suspected viral outbreaks were investigated by the team from VRDL during September 2010 and September 2019 reported from all the 30 districts of Odisha. Annual number of suspected cases ranged from 185 to 1002. The most commonly suspected outbreaks were of viral hepatitis (55 outbreaks; 1223 cases) followed by dengue (45 outbreaks; 1185 cases), chickenpox (30 outbreaks; 421 cases), viral encephalitis (27 outbreaks; 930 cases), measles (23 outbreaks; 464 cases), chikungunya (10 outbreaks; 593 cases) and rubella (1 outbreak; 60). The outbreaks peaked in frequency and intensity during the months of July and September. The epidemiology of viral disease outbreaks in the region is presented in the study. Health system preparedness based on evidence is essential for early detection and adequate response to such viral outbreaks.
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Khounvisith V, Xaiyaphet X, Chanthavilay P, Nouanthong P, Vongphachanh B, Reinharz D, Muller CP, Black AP. Hepatitis A Virus in Lao People's Democratic Republic: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:164-168. [PMID: 32342836 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several recent reports of outbreaks of hepatitis A, little is known about the disease burden in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). We conducted a cross-sectional age-stratified seroprevalence study of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgG and risk factors in a rural province (Xiengkhouang) and Vientiane capital in Lao PDR. Overall, 62% of participants were anti-HAV positive in Xiengkhouang Province compared with 45.5% in Vientiane capital. In Xiengkhouang, 23.7% of 5- to 10-year-olds were already seropositive compared with 5% in Vientiane. A dramatic increase in seroprevalence occurred between 15- to 20-year and 21- to 30-year age-groups (35.7-62.4%, Xiengkhouang, and 11.5-69.7%, Vientiane) until essentially all older adults were positive in both locations. The main risk factors for HAV antibodies were age, non-Lao-Tai ethnicity, and food-related risk factors. In conclusion, Lao children seem to be exposed very early to HAV, particularly in rural settings, and exposure continues throughout their lives, mostly without being reported. In the older birth cohorts, the high seroprevalence may largely reflect poor sanitation and exposure during childhood. In Vientiane capital, the lower seroprevalence at young ages may reflect better water sanitation since the late 1990s. A comparison with neighboring Thailand indicates that the impact of improved sanitation in Lao PDR began only two decades later. Further improvements in water sanitation, in particular in the rural districts, and better food hygiene are warranted. Our study also suggests that HAV infections are underreported. Improved reporting would provide guidance for targeted interventions to further reduce HAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Reinharz
- Institut de la Francophonie pour la Medecine Tropicale, Lao PDR
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Lao-Lux Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Antony P Black
- Lao-Lux Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
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Ki M, Son H, Choi BY. Causes and countermeasures for repeated outbreaks of hepatitis A among adults in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2019; 41:e2019038. [PMID: 31715685 PMCID: PMC6883026 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2019038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 hepatitis A outbreak has become increasingly prevalent among adults in Korea and is the largest outbreak since that in 2009-2010. The incidence in the current outbreak is highest among adults aged 35-44 years, corresponding to the peak incidence among those aged 25-34 years 10 years ago. This may indicate a cohort effect in the corresponding age group. Causes of these repeated outbreaks of hepatitis A in Korea are low level of immunity among adults, Korean food culture that consumes raw seafood such as salted clam and inadequate public health system. Among countermeasures, along with general infectious disease control measures including control of the infectious agent, infection spread, and host, urgent actions are needed to review the vaccination policy and establish an adequate public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Ki
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Son
- Busan Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hong SS, Choi UY, Ma SH, Lee SY, Han SB, Kim KH, Kang JH, Kim JH. Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of 3 inactivated hepatitis A vaccines in Korean children aged 12 to 18 months: An open-label, randomized, prospective, multicenter study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14364. [PMID: 30732169 PMCID: PMC6380807 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approved inactivated hepatitis A (HA) vaccines are available in Korea. These have been shown to be immunogenic and safe in European children; however, their immunogenicity and safety have not been investigated among Korean children. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the most commonly used HA vaccines in ethnic Korean children aged 12 to 18 months.In this open-label, randomized, prospective, multicenter study, 108 children were enrolled and randomized to receive a pediatric form of Avaxim, Epaxal, or Havrix. The 2nd dose was administered after an interval of 6 months. Anti-HA virus (HAV) immunoglobulin (Ig) G was measured to assess geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and seropositvity rates (≥20 mIU/mL anti-HAV IgG). To assess safety, local solicited adverse events (AEs), systemic solicited AEs, unsolicited AEs, and serious AEs (SAEs) were graded.Among the 108 participants enrolled, 37, 34, and 37 received Avaxim, Epaxal, and Havrix, respectively. After administration of 2 doses, the seropositivity rates in the Avaxim, Epaxal, and Havrix groups were all 100% (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 99.0-100, 98.9-100, and 99.0-100, respectively; P < .001). The anti-HAV GMCs in the Avaxim, Epaxal, and Havrix groups were 5868.4 (95% CI: 4237.2-8126.6), 1962.1 (95% CI: 1298.0-2965.9), and 2232.9 mIU/mL (95% CI: 1428.4-3490.4), respectively, after administration of 2 doses (P < .001). There were no significant differences in the proportions of participants reporting local solicited AEs, systemic solicited AEs, unsolicited AEs, and SAEs among the 3 vaccine groups after the 1st and 2nd doses. All local solicited and unsolicited AEs were grade 1 or 2. Grade 3 systemic solicited AE occurred in 5.4% and 2.9% of the participants in the Havrix group after the 1st and 2nd doses, respectively. SAEs after the 1st and 2nd doses were reported in 2 participants and 1 participant, respectively, but none was assessed as being related to vaccination.The results indicate that these vaccines were safe and immunogenic in ethnic Korean children. The results have contributed to the establishing of an HA vaccination policy in Korea and will be informative to countries that plan to initiate vaccination programs against HAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Ui Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Sang Hyuk Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Seung Beom Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Kyung-Hyo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
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Miura Y, Kanda T, Yasui S, Takahashi K, Haga Y, Sasaki R, Nakamura M, Wu S, Nakamoto S, Arai M, Nishizawa T, Okamoto H, Yokosuka O. Hepatitis A virus genotype IA-infected patient with marked elevation of aspartate aminotransferase levels. Clin J Gastroenterol 2016; 10:52-56. [PMID: 27848147 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-016-0700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of acute liver failure (ALF) without hepatic encephalopathy with marked elevation of aminotransferase due to hepatitis A, according to the revised Japanese criteria of ALF. This liver biopsy of the patient showed compatible to acute viral hepatitis and she immediately recovered without intensive care. She had no comorbid disorders. Of interest, phylogenetic tree analysis using almost complete genomes of hepatitis A virus (HAV) demonstrated that the HAV isolate from her belonged to the HAV subgenotype IA strain and was similar to the HAJFF-Kan12 strain (99% nucleotide identity) or FH1 strain (98% nucleotide identity), which is associated with severe or fulminant hepatitis A. Careful interpretation of the association between HAV genome variations and severity of hepatitis A is needed and the mechanism of the severe hepatitis should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Shin Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Seo JY, Choi S, Choi B, Ki M. Age-period-cohort analysis of hepatitis A incidence rates in Korea from 2002 to 2012. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38:e2016040. [PMID: 27703127 PMCID: PMC5114437 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2016040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Korea from 2002 to 2012 using age-period-cohort analyses. METHODS We used claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation for the entire population. Census data from 2010 were used as the standard population. The incidence of hepatitis A was assumed to have a Poisson distribution, and the models and effects were evaluated using the intrinsic estimator method, the likelihood ratio, and the Akaike information criterion. RESULTS The incidence of hepatitis A gradually increased until 2007 (from 17.55 to 35.72 per 100,000 population) and peaked in 2009 (177.47 per 100,000 population). The highest incidence was observed among 27-29-year-old individuals when we omitted data from 2005 to 2007. From 2005 to 2007, the peak incidence was observed among 24-26-year-old individuals, followed by 27-29-year-olds. The best model fits were observed when the age-period-cohort variables were all considered at the same time for males, females, and the whole population. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of hepatitis A exhibited significant age-period-cohort effects; its incidence peaked in 2009 and was especially high among Koreans 20-39 years of age. These epidemiological patterns may help predict when high incidence rates of hepatitis A may occur in developing countries during their socioeconomic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungyong Choi
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - BoYoul Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moran Ki
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Park S, Choi JS. Predictors of hepatitis A vaccine coverage among university students in Korea. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2015; 13:75-82. [PMID: 26104024 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the status of hepatitis A vaccination, knowledge, and health beliefs among university students in Korea and identify factors influencing their hepatitis A vaccination rate. METHODS A self-reporting survey was conducted with 367 university students in Korea via descriptive survey. Data were collected on demographics, status of hepatitis A vaccination, knowledge, and health beliefs. RESULTS The hepatitis A vaccination rate was 23.4%. The hepatitis A vaccination rate was significantly higher in those who had a general awareness about the hepatitis A (odds ratio [OR] = 3.56, P = 0.003), those with some overseas travel experience (OR = 2.64, P = 0.025), those perceiving the benefits of hepatitis A vaccination (OR = 1.66, P = 0.023), and those perceiving barriers (inversed) to hepatitis A vaccination (OR = 1.95, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION To promote hepatitis A vaccination among university students, information and education should be provided to improve their health beliefs. In addition, this demographic should be a major target population for hepatitis A vaccination. This study's results suggest that the development of national promotional campaigns and hepatitis A vaccination programs based on predictors of the vaccination rate are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmi Park
- Department of Nursing, Hoseo University, Chungnam, Korea
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Park S, Jeong H, Jung J, Kim K, Park S, Kim M, Kim Y, Oh Y, Jung K. Monitoring the Hepatitis A Virus in Oyster from Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.513087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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