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Dery KJ, Kojima H, Kageyama S, Kadono K, Hirao H, Cheng B, Zhai Y, Farmer DG, Kaldas FM, Yuan X, Eltzschiasg HK, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Alternative splicing of CEACAM1 by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α enhances tolerance to hepatic ischemia in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf2059. [PMID: 37531413 PMCID: PMC11164245 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Although alternative splicing (AS) drives transcriptional responses and cellular adaptation to environmental stresses, its contributions in organ transplantation have not been appreciated. We have shown that carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (Ceacam1; CD66a), a transmembrane biliary glycoprotein expressed in epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells, determines donor liver transplant quality. Here, we studied how AS of Ceacam1 affects ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mouse and human livers. We found that the short cytoplasmic isoform Ceacam1-S increased during early acute and late resolution phases of warm IRI injury in mice. Transfection of Ceacam1-deficient mouse hepatocytes with adenoviral Ceacam1-S mitigated hypoxia-induced loss of cellular adhesion by repressing the Ask1/p-p38 cell death pathway. Nucleic acid-blocking morpholinos, designed to selectively induce Ceacam1-S, protected hepatocyte cultures against temperature-induced stress in vitro. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified direct binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) to the mouse polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) promoter region. Dimethyloxalylglycine protected mouse livers from warm IR stress and hepatocellular damage by inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 1 and promoting AS of Ceacam1-S. Last, analysis of 46 human donor liver grafts revealed that CEACAM1-S positively correlated with pretransplant HIF1A expression. This also correlated with better transplant outcomes, including reduced TIMP1, total bilirubin, proinflammatory MCP1, CXCL10 cytokines, immune activation markers IL17A, and incidence of delayed complications from biliary anastomosis. This translational study identified mouse Hif-1α-controlled AS of Ceacam1, through transcriptional regulation of Ptbp1 promoter region, as a functional underpinning of hepatoprotection against IR stress and tissue damage in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Brian Cheng
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Yuan Zhai
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Douglas G. Farmer
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth; Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschiasg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth; Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
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Heme Oxygenase-1 and Blood Bilirubin Are Gradually Activated by Oral D-Glyceric Acid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122319. [PMID: 36552529 PMCID: PMC9774343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that small doses of oral D-glyceric acid (DGA) activate mitochondrial metabolism and reduce inflammation among 50-60-year-old healthy volunteers. The present results with the same small doses reveal that after a 4-day DGA regimen, a dose of DGA activated the HO-1 pathway acutely, while enhanced inflammatory status after the 4-day DGA regimen seemed to be able to downregulate the HO-1 pathway in non-acute measurement. Blood bilirubin was strongly upregulated towards the end of the altogether 21-day study period with positive associations towards improved inflammation and reduced blood triglycerides. After the 4-day DGA regimen, hepatic inflow of blood bilirubin with albumin as the carrier was clearly upregulated in the lower-aerobic-capacity persons. At the same time also, blood triglycerides were down, pointing possibly to the activation of liver fatty acid oxidation. The combination of activated aerobic energy metabolism with transient HO-1 pathway activation and the upregulation of blood bilirubin may reduce the risks of chronic diseases, especially in aging. Furthermore, there exist certain diseases with unsatisfactorily-met medical needs, such as fatty and cholestatic liver diseases, and Parkinson's disease, that can be possibly ameliorated with the whole-body mechanism of the action of the DGA regimen.
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Bianco A, Tiribelli C, Bellarosa C. Translational Approach to the Protective Effect of Bilirubin in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030696. [PMID: 35327498 PMCID: PMC8945513 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin has been regarded as a powerful endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule, able to act on cellular pathways as a hormone. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common chronic complication of diabetes, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Here, we will review the clinical and molecular features of mild hyperbilirubinemia in DKD. The pathogenesis of DKD involves oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Serum bilirubin levels are positively correlated with the levels of the antioxidative enzymes as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, while it is inversely correlated with C-reactive protein, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10 release in diabetic kidney disease. Bilirubin downregulates NADPH oxidase, reduces the induction of pro-fibrotic factor HIF-1α expression, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP induction showing lower DNA fragmentation. Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated its effects in the development and progression of renal diseases, pointing out that only very mild elevations of bilirubin concentrations result in real clinical benefits. Future controlled studies are needed to explore the precise role of bilirubin in the pathogenesis of DKD and to understand if the use of serum bilirubin levels as a marker of progression or therapeutic target in DKD is feasible and realistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianco
- Italian Liver Foundation (FIF), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (C.T.)
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Bari Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Italian Liver Foundation (FIF), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristina Bellarosa
- Italian Liver Foundation (FIF), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Huang ZW, Shi Y, Zhai YY, Du CC, Zhai J, Yu RJ, Kou L, Xiao J, Zhao YZ, Yao Q. Hyaluronic acid coated bilirubin nanoparticles attenuate ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. J Control Release 2021; 334:275-289. [PMID: 33930479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common pathological process that is globally associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The underlying AKI mechanisms include over-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cell infiltration, and high levels of inflammatory mediators. Bilirubin is an endogenous compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, and could, therefore, be a promising therapeutic candidate. Nanotechnology-mediated therapy has emerged as a novel drug delivery strategy for AKI treatment. In this study, we report a hyaluronic acid (HA) coated ε-polylysine-bilirubin conjugate (PLBR) nanoparticle (nHA/PLBR) that can selectively accumulate in injured kidneys and alleviate the oxidative/inflammatory-induced damage. The in vitro study revealed that nHA/PLBR has good stability, biocompatibility, and exhibited higher antioxidant as well as anti-apoptotic effects when compared to nPLBR or bilirubin. The in vivo study showed that nHA/PLBR could target and accumulate in the injured kidney, effectively relieve oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, protect the structure and function of the mitochondria, and more importantly, inhibit the apoptosis of tubular cells in an ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI rat model. Therefore, nHA/PLBR has the capacity to enhance specific biodistribution and delivery efficiency of bilirubin, thereby providing better treatment for AKI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yannan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chu-Chu Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Run-Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Bianco A, Pinci S, Tiribelli C, Bellarosa C. Life-Long Hyperbilirubinemia Exposure and Bilirubin Priming Prevent In Vitro Metabolic Damage. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646953. [PMID: 33776779 PMCID: PMC7994257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is more than the final product of heme catabolism. Mildly elevated systemic bilirubin concentrations, such as in Gilbert syndrome (GS), protect against various oxidative stress-mediated and metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and age-related disease. The Gunn rat is an animal model of hereditary hyperbilirubinemia widely used in assessing the effect of high serum bilirubin concentration in various organs. The present work aims to understand if life-long hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin-priming might contribute to protection against atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy (DN) at the cellular level. Methods: Primary aortic endothelial cells and podocytes obtained from hyperbilirubinemic homozygous jj and normobilirubinemic heterozygous Nj Gunn rats were exposed to Palmitic Acid (PA) and Angiotensin II (Ang II), respectively, and the effects on cell viability and the activation of damage-related metabolic pathways evaluated. Results were validated on immortalized H5V and HK2 cells exposed to damage after UCB pretreatment. Results: In both primary cell models, cells obtained from jj Gunn rats showed as significantly higher than Nj Gunn rats at any dose of the toxic agent. Reduction in CHOP expression and IL-6 release was observed in jj primary aortic endothelial cells exposed to PA compared to Nj cells. The same occurred on H5V pretreated with Unconjugated bilirubin. Upon Ang II treatment, primary podocytes from jj Gunn rats showed lower DNA fragmentation, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP induction than primary podocytes from Nj Gunn rats. In HK2 cells, the induction by Ang II of HIF-1α and LOXl2 was significantly reduced by UCB pretreatment. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in models of atherosclerosis and DN life–long hyperbilirubinemia exposure or bilirubin-priming significantly contribute to decrease the injury by enhancing thecellular defensive response,
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianco
- Italian Liver Foundation (FIF), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Pinci
- Italian Liver Foundation (FIF), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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