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Hong L, Yang C. Eupatilin ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis via elevating microRNA-211-5p and repressing Janus kinase 2/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:2471-2481. [PMID: 37823974 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of Eupatilin on postmenopausal osteoporosis and explored the mechanisms associated with miR-211-5p. First, the rats were given intragastric administration of Eupatilin every day and subcutaneously injected once a week with oligonucleotides or plasmids that interfered with the expression of miR-211-5p or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). After 4 weeks, a rat model of osteoporosis was established. Then, serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels were detected, as well as femur bone mineral density and biomechanical parameters. HE staining and Masson staining were applied for detecting the pathological condition of femur while immunohistochemical staining was for detecting the positive expression of osteocalcin. In addition, MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with plasmid vectors interfering with miR-211-5p or JAK2, and cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity, and cell mineralization were subsequently examined. The relationship between miR-211-5p and JAK2/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was analyzed, and the targeting of miR-211-5p and JAK2 was also verified. The experimental results found that Eupatilin improved the pathological conditions of osteoporotic rats by promoting the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. miR-211-5p was down-regulated and JAK2/STAT3 were up-regulated in osteoporotic rats. Upregulation of miR-211-5p further improved the pathological conditions of osteoporotic rats based on Eupatilin treatment. MiR-211-5p inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Upregulation of JAK2 reversed the effects of elevated miR-211-5p on osteoporotic rats. Overall, Eupatilin attenuates postmenopausal osteoporosis through elevating miR-211-5p and repressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No. 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No. 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Xu J, Jiao W, Wu DB, Yu JH, Liu LJ, Zhang MY, Chen GX. Yishen Tongbi decoction attenuates inflammation and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by regulating JAK/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381802. [PMID: 38966637 PMCID: PMC11222394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Yishen-Tongbi Decoction (YSTB), a traditional Chinese prescription, has been used to improve syndromes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for many years. Previous research has shown that YSTB has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the anti-RA effects of YSTB remains unclear. Purpose and study design The purpose of this research was to investigate how YSTB affected mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and RAW264.7 cells induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results The findings show that YSTB could significantly improve the clinical arthritic symptoms of CIA mice (mitigate paw swelling, arthritis score, thymus and spleen indices, augment body weight), downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-17, while upregulated the level of anti-inflammatory like IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Meanwhile, YSTB inhibits bone erosion and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial proliferation, and joint destruction in CIA mice. In addition, we found that YSTB was able to suppress the LPS-induced inflammation of RAW264.7 cells, which was ascribed to the suppression of nitric oxide (NO) production and reactive oxygen species formation (ROS). YSTB also inhibited the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase and reduced the releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation expression of JAK2, JAK3, STAT3, p38, ERK and p65 protein could be suppressed by YSTB, while the expression of SOCS3 could be activated. Conclusion Taken together, YSTB possesses anti-inflammatory and prevention bone destruction effects in RA disease by regulating the JAK/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Bin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Xing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Hong L, Yang C. Eupatilin ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis via elevating microRNA-211-5p and repressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2218-2228. [PMID: 38130072 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) poses a significant threat to women's health worldwide. Eupatilin is a key bioactive component of the Chinese herbal medicine Artemisia asiatica Nakai. Recent research reports have proved the inhibitory function of Eupatilin in many diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-23 nucleotide-long, single-stranded, noncoding RNA molecules generated endogenously, and many studies have indicated that miRNAs are involved in the development of osteoporosis. This study explored the role and potential mechanism of Eupatilin underlying PMOP. First, rats were given intragastric administration of Eupatilin every day and subcutaneous injections of oligonucleotides or plasmids that interfered with miR-211-5p or janus kinase 2 (JAK2) once a week. After 4 weeks, the PMOP rat model was established. Then, serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus levels, as well as femur bone mineral density and biomechanical parameters, were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were applied for detecting the pathological condition of femur, and immunohistochemical staining was for detecting osteocalcin. MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with plasmid vectors interfering with miR-211-5p or JAK2; and cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity, and cell mineralization were subsequently examined. The relationship between miR-211-5p and JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was analyzed. The targeting relation between miR-211-5p and JAK2 was also verified. The experimental results revealed that Eupatilin improved the pathological conditions of PMOP rats by promoting the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. MiR-211-5p was down-regulated and JAK2/STAT3 was upregulated in PMOP rats. Upregulation of miR-211-5p further improved the pathological conditions of PMOP rats based on Eupatilin treatment. MiR-211-5p inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. JAK2 offset the effects of elevated miR-211-5p on PMOP rats. Overall, Eupatilin attenuates PMOP through elevating miR-211-5p and repressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which suggests the utility of Eupatilin as a potential drug for POMP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Peng Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ren H, Hu J, Cui X, Lu W, Tao H, Chen Z. The genus Porana (Convolvulaceae) - A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:998965. [PMID: 36330088 PMCID: PMC9622789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.998965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are about 20 species of Porana Burm. f. worldwide in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa and neighboring islands, Oceania, and the Americas. In China, India, and other places, this genus enjoys a wealth of experience in folk applications. Nevertheless, the chemical composition of only five species has been reported, and 59 compounds have been isolated and identified, including steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, quinic acid derivatives, and amides. Pharmacological studies revealed that extracts from this genus and their bioactive components exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-gout, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic effects. Although this genus is abundant, the development of its pharmacological applications remains limited. This review will systematically summarize the traditional and current uses, chemical compositions, and pharmacological activities of various Porana species. Network analysis was introduced to compare and confirm its output with current research progress to explore the potential targets and pathways of chemical components in this genus. We hope to increase understanding of this genus’s medicinal value and suggest directions for rational medicinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Cui
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxun Tao, ; Zhiyong Chen,
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxun Tao, ; Zhiyong Chen,
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5
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Rashid HM, Mahmod AI, Afifi FU, Talib WH. Antioxidant and Antiproliferation Activities of Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citrodora): An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060785. [PMID: 35336667 PMCID: PMC8951487 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aloysia citrodora (Verbenaceae) is traditionally used to treat various diseases, including bronchitis, insomnia, anxiety, digestive, and heart problems. In this study, this plant’s antioxidant and anti-proliferation effects were evaluated. In addition to volatiles extraction, different solvent extracts were prepared. The GC-MS, LC-MS analysis and the Foline-Ciocalteu (F-C) method were used to investigate the phytochemical components of the plant. MTT assay was used to measure the antiproliferative ability for each extract. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In in vivo anti-proliferation experiments, Balb/C mice were inoculated with tumor cells and IP-injected with ethyl acetate extract of A. citrodora. After treatment, a significant reduction in tumor size (57.97%) and undetected tumors (44.44%) were obtained in treated mice, demonstrating the antiproliferative efficacy of the ethyl acetate extract. Besides, ethanol extract revealed the most potent radical scavenging effect. The findings of this study displayed that A. citrodora has promising cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Still, further testing is required to investigate the extract’s chemical composition to understand its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (H.M.R.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (H.M.R.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; or
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (H.M.R.); (A.I.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Mahmoud AM, Sayed AM, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Hassanein EHM. The role of flavonoids in inhibiting IL-6 and inflammatory arthritis. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:746-768. [PMID: 34994311 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220107105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints. RA has well-known clinical manifestations and can cause progressive disability and premature death along with socioeconomic burdens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathology of RA where it can stimulate pannus formation, osteoclastogenesis, and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are plant metabolites with beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and others. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a variety of plants, vegetables, and fruits. Many flavonoids have demonstrated anti-arthritic activity mediated mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review thoroughly discusses the accumulate data on the role of flavonoids on IL-6 in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
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7
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Tian Z, Zhang X, Sun M. Phytochemicals Mediate Autophagy Against Osteoarthritis by Maintaining Cartilage Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:795058. [PMID: 34987406 PMCID: PMC8722717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.795058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease and is a leading cause of disability and reduced quality of life worldwide. There are currently no clinical treatments that can stop or slow down OA. Drugs have pain-relieving effects, but they do not slow down the course of OA and their long-term use can lead to serious side effects. Therefore, safe and clinically appropriate long-term treatments for OA are urgently needed. Autophagy is an intracellular protective mechanism, and targeting autophagy-related pathways has been found to prevent and treat various diseases. Attenuation of the autophagic pathway has now been found to disrupt cartilage homeostasis and plays an important role in the development of OA. Therefore, modulation of autophagic signaling pathways mediating cartilage homeostasis has been considered as a potential therapeutic option for OA. Phytochemicals are active ingredients from plants that have recently been found to reduce inflammatory factor levels in cartilage as well as attenuate chondrocyte apoptosis by modulating autophagy-related signaling pathways, which are not only widely available but also have the potential to alleviate the symptoms of OA. We reviewed preclinical studies and clinical studies of phytochemicals mediating autophagy to regulate cartilage homeostasis for the treatment of OA. The results suggest that phytochemicals derived from plant extracts can target relevant autophagic pathways as complementary and alternative agents for the treatment of OA if subjected to rigorous clinical trials and pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinan Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Yazdiniapour Z, Yegdaneh A, Akbari S. Isolation and Characterization of Methylated Flavones from Artemisia kermanensis. Adv Biomed Res 2021; 10:23. [PMID: 34760805 PMCID: PMC8531732 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Artemisia kermanensis Podl. is a green aromatic perennial shrub that belongs to the family Asteraceae and it grows widely in central deserts and south-eastern mountains of Iran such as Taftan Mountain in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Artemisia species have been used traditionally as a remedy for various feverous diseases, including malaria, treatment of colds, infections, parasites, inflammations of the liver, as well as dyspepsia, diabetes, hypertension, and so many other conditions. Materials and Methods: Air-dried A. kermanensis extraction from all parts of the plant was done using different organic solvents. The methanolic extract was selected for isolation of flavonoids, using thin-layer chromatography. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on analysis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Results: Two flavone aglycones were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant's methanolic extract, including 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin) and 5,7,3'-Trihydroxy-6,4',5'-trimethoxyflavone. Conclusions: Eupatilin is known for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In future researches on A. kermanensis, as a rich source of these flavone compounds, it is wise to investigate for the proven eupatilin's biological activities that have been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Yazdiniapour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Yegdaneh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soudeh Akbari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Cai M, Ni WJ, Han L, Chen WD, Peng DY. Research Progress of Therapeutic Enzymes and Their Derivatives: Based on Herbal Medicinal Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626342. [PMID: 33796022 PMCID: PMC8008143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) acts as one of the most common, agnogenic and chronic inflammatory-autoimmune disorder which is characterized by persistent synovitis, cartilage destruction, and joint deformities, leads to a wide range of disabilities, and increased mortality, thus imposing enormous burdens. Several drugs with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties such as celecoxib, diclofenac and methotrexate are being selected as conventional drugs in the allopathic system of medicine for the treatment of RA in clinic. However, there are some serious side effects more or less when using these drugs because of their short poor bioavailability and biological half-life for a long time. These shortcomings greatly promote the exploration and application of new low- or no-toxicity drugs for treating the RA. Meanwhile, a growing number of studies demonstrate that several herbs present certain anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities through different enzymes and their derivatives, which indicate that they are promising therapeutic strategies when targeting these mediators based on herbal medicinal products in RA research. This review article summarizes the roles of the main enzymes and their derivatives during the pathogenesis of RA, and clearly clarifies the explicit and potential targeted actions of herbal medicinal products that have anti-RA activity. Our review provides timely and critical reference for the scientific rationale use of herbal medicinal products, with the increasing basic research and clinical application of herbal medicinal products by patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Research, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Jian Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Han
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Research, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Research, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dai-Yin Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Research, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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10
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Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4348709. [PMID: 32328130 PMCID: PMC7154968 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4348709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Integrated therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) has gradually been applied to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently published studies have provided a wealth of data and information about the effectiveness of combination treatments, but high-quality evidence-based meta-analysis on this issue is not available yet. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of the integrated therapy for RA. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of integrative TCM-WM with WM alone for RA were included. The outcome measures contained therapeutic effects (TEs), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), duration of morning stiffness (DMS), grip strength (GS), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline (anti-CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events (AEs) to assess the efficacy and safety of different treatments. Results A total of 20 RCTs with 2269 patients met the inclusion criteria. TCM used in these studies included Chinese herbal decoctions and tablets or capsules made from herbs and their extracts, while WM included disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and glucocorticoids (GC). Compared with patients receiving WM treatment alone, patients with integrative TCM-WM treatment showed better TEs (OR = 3.03, 95% CI [2.36, 3.88]). The integrative treatment group showed reductions in TJC (MD = −1.17, 95% CI [−2.12, −0.21]), SJC (MD = −0.87, 95% CI [−1.85, 0.10]), DMS (SMD = −0.69, 95% CI [−0.98, −0.41]), DAS28 (MD = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.57, −0.29]), RF (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.27]), anti-CCP (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.06]), ESR (MD = −8.36, 95% CI [−12.60, −4.12]), and CRP (MD = −6.73, 95% CI [−9.38, −4.08]), and increment in GS (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI [−0.63, 0.87]). AEs, especially gastrointestinal disorders, abnormal liver function, leukopenia, skin allergies and rashes, headaches and dizziness, and alopecia, significantly decreased (OR = 0.37, 95% CI [0.29, 0.47]) in the integrative treatment group. Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that integrative TCM-WM could obtain effective and safe results in the treatment of RA. Using TCM as an adjunctive therapy in RA has great prospects for further development.
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Wu Z, Zou B, Zhang X, Peng X. Eupatilin regulates proliferation and cell cycle of cervical cancer by regulating hedgehog signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:428-435. [PMID: 31926121 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone) is a natural active substance found in génépi group plants, and its pharmacological activities has been proven to be useful in the treatment of various cancers. However, whether eupatilin demonstrates anti-cancer activity in cervical cancer is still under evaluation. To clarify this, cancer cell lines and nude mouse model were used in this study. The results indicated that eupatilin could inhibit the occurrence of cervical cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Cervical cancer cell lines (C4-1, HeLa, Caski, and Siha) and Ect1/E6E7 cells were incubated with eupatilin (40μM) for 48 hours. Compared with the control group, the viability of cervical cancer cells decreased significantly, while the apoptotic cells increased significantly. Cell cycle analysis showed that eupatilin treatment of HeLa and Caski cells reduced the proliferation index. Eupatilin at 40 mg/kg also inhibited tumour growth in tumour-bearing mice. Interestingly, weakened hedgehog signalling was observed in cervical cancer cells and tumours from tumour-bearing mice after eupatilin treatment. Our results reveal the inhibitory effect of eupatilin on cervical cancer and shed new light on the molecular mechanism of its therapeutic effect. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Eupatilin inhibited proliferation via promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HeLa and Caski cervical cancer cell lines. In addition, nude mouse tumourigenicity assay proved that eupatilin can suppress tumour growth in vivo. Dramatically, these activities might be involved in hedgehog signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingyu Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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12
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Nageen B, Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Hussain G, Rukhsar F, Irshad S, Riaz A, Selamoglu Z, Ali M. Eupatilin: a natural pharmacologically active flavone compound with its wide range applications. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:1-16. [PMID: 29973097 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1492565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone) is a pharmacologically active flavone which has been isolated from a variety of medicinal plants. Eupatilin is known to possess various pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. It is speculated that eupatilin could be subjected to structural optimization for the synthesis of derivative analogs to reinforce its efficacy, to minimize toxicity, and to optimize absorption profiles, which will ultimately lead towards potent drug candidates. Although, reported data acclaim multiple pharmacological activities of eupatilin but further experimentations on its molecular mechanism of action are yet mandatory to elucidate full spectrum of its pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Nageen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Rukhsar
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Somia Irshad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad (Sub-campus Layyah), Layyah 31200, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Campus 51240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Lou Y, Wu J, Liang J, Yang C, Wang K, Wang J, Guo X. Eupatilin protects chondrocytes from apoptosis via activating sestrin2-dependent autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fei X, Chen C, Kai S, Fu X, Man W, Ding B, Wang C, Xu R. Eupatilin attenuates the inflammatory response induced by intracerebral hemorrhage through the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105837. [PMID: 31476693 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common brain traumas, and inflammation caused by ICH seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Eupatilin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. However, only one paper has reported that Eupatilin has a therapeutic effect on the inflammatory response caused by ICH and the underlying mechanism needs to be studied. METHODS We used erythrocyte lysis stimulation (ELS) to induce mouse microglia BV2 as the inflammation model. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to detect cell viability and migration. RT-PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were used to detect the secretion of inflammatory factors and the expression of related mechanism proteins. HE staining was used to detect cell edema and death. RESULT We found that ELS significantly increased protein and mRNA levels and secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, which Eupatilin attenuated through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) pathway. The anti-inflammatory effect of Eupatilin was significantly attenuated after siRNA was used to reduce TLR4 expression. The experimental results and mechanism were also verified in TLR4 knockout mice in vivo. CONCLUSION Eupatilin has a therapeutic effect on inflammation caused by ICH. The underlying mechanism may be related to TLR4/MyD88, which brings new hope for clinical patients to improve symptoms and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.; Dapartment of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.; Institute of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Sun Kai
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Xiaojun Fu
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Weitao Man
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Boyun Ding
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Chongwu Wang
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing 10000, China..
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.; Institute of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Beijing 10000, China..
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Lee JH, Lee YJ, Lee JY, Park YM. Topical Application of Eupatilin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:61-68. [PMID: 28223748 PMCID: PMC5318529 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disorder with severe pruritus. Despite advancements in medicine, therapeutic treatments for AD are still limited. Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-30,40,6-trimethoxyflavone) is one of the lipophilic flavonoids from Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. and Artemisia genipi Weber. Objective Although it has been reported to act a role in improving inflammation, its action on AD is uncertain. In this study, we examined the role of eupatilin on AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Methods 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was repeatedly applied to the ear of NC/Nga mice to produce AD-like skin lesions. Eupatilin (1%, once a day for 5 consecutive days/week) was applied topically for four weeks for the evaluation of its therapeutic effects. Results 1% eupatilin cream significantly reduced the clinical severity score of AD-like lesions, compared to the vehicle (p<0.005). A histopathological analysis revealed that 1% eupatilin cream significantly decreased the mast cell infiltration as well as inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the vehicle (p<0.005). We showed that 1% eupatilin cream significantly reduced the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, and interleukin-19, but not interferon-γ, compared to the vehicle (p<0.005). Conclusion Considering the therapeutic reaction of eupatilin on AD-like lesions as in this study, the substance has a promising to be an adjuvant topical agent for the control of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Cho HJ, Kim JW, Ju SY, Park YK. Effects of Artemisia Princeps Supplementation on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:533-9. [PMID: 27102792 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Artemisia princeps (AP) extract on bone metabolism and its potential role in the prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and treated as follows: sham-operated control group (SHAM); ovariectomized control group (OVX), ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 10 mg/kg/day alendronate (ALEN); ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 100 mg/kg/day Artemisia princeps (AP100); ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 300 mg/kg/day Artemisia princeps (AP300). Treatment of ovariectomized rats with AP extracts for 15 weeks prevented the reduction in bone thickness and trabecular bone mineral density caused by urinary Ca and Cr excretion, and also prevented the increase in bone turnover by maintaining the serum Ca/P ratio. As a result, the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone and cortical bone after ovariectomy was markedly improved by administration of AP extracts. In conclusion, AP prevented bone loss and osteoclast activity associated with high bone turnover in ovariectomized rats by controlling the serum Ca/P ratio and through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Our data implicate AP as a promising therapeutic option for the improvement of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Cho
- Yoo-Kyoung Park, Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-791, Korea, Tel.: +82-31-201-3816, Fax: +82-31-203-3816, E-mail address:
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Kim JY, Lee MS, Baek JM, Park J, Youn BS, Oh J. Massive elimination of multinucleated osteoclasts by eupatilin is due to dual inhibition of transcription and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Bone Rep 2015; 3:83-94. [PMID: 28377971 PMCID: PMC5365243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an aging-associated disease requiring better therapeutic modality. Eupatilin is a major flavonoid from Artemisia plants such as Artemisia princeps and Artemisia argyi which has been reported to possess various beneficial biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, and anti-oxidation activity. Complete blockade of RANK-dependent osteoclastogenesis was accomplished upon stimulation prior to the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)-ligand (RANKL) treatment or post-stimulation of bone marrow macrophages (BMCs) in the presence of RANKL with eupatilin. This blockade was accompanied by inhibition of rapid phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β, ERK and IκB as well as downregulation of c-Fos and NFATc1 at protein, suggesting that transcriptional suppression is a key mechanism for anti-osteoclastogenesis. Transient reporter assays or gain of function assays confirmed that eupatilin was a potent transcriptional inhibitor in osteoclasts (OC). Surprisingly, when mature osteoclasts were cultured on bone scaffolds in the presence of eupatilin, bone resorption activity was also completely blocked by dismantling the actin rings, suggesting that another major acting site of eupatilin is cytoskeletal rearrangement. The eupatilin-treated mature osteoclasts revealed a shrunken cytoplasm and accumulation of multi-nuclei, eventually becoming fibroblast-like cells. No apoptosis occurred. Inhibition of phosphorylation of cofilin by eupatilin suggests that actin may play an important role in the morphological change of multinucleated cells (MNCs). Human OC similarly responded to eupatilin. However, eupatilin has no effects on osteoblast differentiation and shows cytotoxicity on osteoblast in the concentration of 50 μM. When eupatilin was administered to LPS-induced osteoporotic mice after manifestation of osteoporosis, it prevented bone loss. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice remarkably exhibited bone protection effects. Taken together, eupatilin is an effective versatile therapeutic intervention for osteoporosis via; 1) transcriptional suppression of c-Fos and NFATc1 of differentiating OC and 2) inhibition of actin rearrangement of pathogenic MNCs. Eupatilin exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on differentiation of mouse and human osteoclasts. Eupatilin inhibits osteoclastogenesis via modulation of both transcriptional repression and actin polymerization. Eupatilin treatment shows preventive or therapeutic modality for osteoporosis in LPS-induced and OVX-induced bone loss mice model. Eupatilin may be a potential therapeutic treatment for excessive osteoclastic bone diseases.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- Actin depolymerization;
- BMCs, bone marrow cells
- BMMs, bone marrow macrophages
- Cytoskeletal rearrangement
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HDACis, Histone deacetylase inhibitors
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- MNCs, multinucleated cells
- NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1
- OB, osteoblasts
- OC, osteoclasts
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Osteoclastogenesis;
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- RANK, the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB
- RANKL, RANK ligand
- SD, standard deviation
- SE, standard error
- SOST, sclerostin
- TBST, tris-buffered saline contacting 0.1% Tween-20
- TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate
- Transcriptional repression;
- XTT, sodium3’-[1-(phenyl-aminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)
- α-MEM, α-minimum essential medium
- μCT, micro-computed tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Youn
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, 877 Bangeojinsunwhando-ro, Dong-Ku, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea; OsteoNeuroGen 40 MiKeum-ro, Bundang, Kyunggi 461-871, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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