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Kim Y, Ku JY, Park KM, Baek J, Choi KS, Park J. Comparison of blood profiles between housed and grazing Korean indigenous cattle (Hanwoo). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2024; 88:33-37. [PMID: 38595948 PMCID: PMC11000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the hematology profiles of Korean indigenous cattle (Hanwoo) raised in a barn (housed) or on pasture (grazing). Our findings showed significant differences in the red blood cell (RBC) profiles of these 2 groups. When compared to cattle raised in a barn, a significant decrease in hematocrit (P = 0.000), hemoglobin (P = 0.000), and red blood cells (RBCs) (P = 0.000) and a significant increase in mean cell volume (P = 0.015) and reticulocytes (P = 0.000) were observed in grazing cattle, which indicate regenerative anemia. Furthermore, indirect bilirubin was significantly higher in grazing cattle, which indicates intravascular hemolysis and neutropenia (P = 0.000), and monocytosis (P = 0.000) was also identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates changes in reticulocyte count and indirect bilirubin levels secondary to regenerative intravascular hemolysis in grazing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Kim, Ku, K-M Park, Baek, J. Park); Department of Animal Hospital, Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan 31948, Republic of Korea (Kim); Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea (Choi)
| | - Ji-Yeong Ku
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Kim, Ku, K-M Park, Baek, J. Park); Department of Animal Hospital, Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan 31948, Republic of Korea (Kim); Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea (Choi)
| | - Kwang-Man Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Kim, Ku, K-M Park, Baek, J. Park); Department of Animal Hospital, Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan 31948, Republic of Korea (Kim); Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea (Choi)
| | - Jonghun Baek
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Kim, Ku, K-M Park, Baek, J. Park); Department of Animal Hospital, Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan 31948, Republic of Korea (Kim); Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea (Choi)
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Kim, Ku, K-M Park, Baek, J. Park); Department of Animal Hospital, Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan 31948, Republic of Korea (Kim); Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea (Choi)
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (Kim, Ku, K-M Park, Baek, J. Park); Department of Animal Hospital, Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) Genetic Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan 31948, Republic of Korea (Kim); Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea (Choi)
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Waldman J, Klafke GM, Tirloni L, Logullo C, da Silva Vaz I. Putative target sites in synganglion for novel ixodid tick control strategies. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102123. [PMID: 36716581 PMCID: PMC10033424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acaricide resistance is a global problem that has impacts worldwide. Tick populations with broad resistance to all commercially available acaricides have been reported. Since resistance selection in ticks and their role in pathogen transmission to animals and humans result in important economic and public health burden, it is essential to develop new strategies for their control (i.e., novel chemical compounds, vaccines, biological control). The synganglion is the tick central nervous system and it is responsible for synthesizing and releasing signaling molecules with different physiological functions. Synganglion proteins are the targets of the majority of available acaricides. In this review we provide an overview of the mode-of-action and resistance mechanisms against neurotoxic acaricides in ticks, as well as putative target sites in synganglion, as a supporting tool to identify new target proteins and to develop new strategies for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Waldman
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Marcondes Klafke
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carlos Logullo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, IBqM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Alkathiri B, Ahn K, Lee H, Cho YS, Youn SY, Seo MG, Kwak D, Shin S, Lee SH. Molecular epidemiology of Theileria species in ticks and its potential threat to livestock in the Republic of Korea. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106780. [PMID: 36471538 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate molecular epidemiology of Theileria spp. in ticks in Korea and assess their potential threat from wildlife animals to domestic animals. A total of 21152 hard ticks were collected from Chungcheong and Jeolla provinces of Korea from March to October 2021. Tick species were identified by microscopy and Theileria spp. were screened by nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA. Haemaphysalis spp. were the most abundant tick species, followed by H. longicornis, H. flava, Amblyomma testudinarium, and Ixodes nipponensis. Of the collected ticks, 6914 ticks (541 pools) were screened, and PCR showed 211 positive pools (39.0%; MIR: 3.05). The PCR and phylogenetic analysis identified two Theileria species, T. luwenshuni and Theileria sp., with T. luwenshuni (162/211, 76.78%; MIR: 2.34) being more abundant than Theileria sp. (36/211, 17.06%; MIR: 0.52); co-infection of the two species were noted (13/211, 6.16%; MIR: 0.19). Among the tick species, H. longicornis, especially nymphs, showed the highest prevalence. Regarding season, the highest prevalence was observed in May. Considering the tick and Theileria species identified in this study, H. longicornis nymph and cervine play a critical role in maintaining Theileria spp. in Korea and could be a potential threat to domestic animals, including deer and goats. In addition, there are significant correlations among tick distribution, region, season, and prevalence of Theileria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriah Alkathiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuSung Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Cho
- Parasitic and Honeybee Disease Laboratory, Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Division, Department of Animal & Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Youn
- Parasitic and Honeybee Disease Laboratory, Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Division, Department of Animal & Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - SungShik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Choi KS, Yu DH, Chae JS, Park BK, Yoo JG, Park J. Seasonal changes in hemograms and Theileria orientalis infection rates among Holstein cattle pastured in the mountains in the Republic of Korea. Prev Vet Med 2016; 127:77-83. [PMID: 27094144 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we compared seasonal changes in complete blood counts (CBCs) and rates of infection with a tick-borne pathogen between Holstein cattle housed indoors and those maintained outside on pasture. There were differences in white blood cell (WBC) parameters, but the changes were not associated with seasons or the housing type. Analysis of red blood cell (RBC) parameters showed lower values in August and November versus March, and in the cattle maintained on pasture versus the housed cattle. In comparison with the RBC count of the housed cattle in March (10.1M/μL), the RBC counts of the pastured cattle were significantly lower in August (7.8M/μL; p<0.01) and November (7.5M/μL; p<0.01). The hematocrit (HCT) also showed a decrease in March (33.5%), August (30.0%, p<0.01) and November (28.5%, p<0.01). According to PCR analysis, the Theileria infection rate among the pastured cattle in March was only 11%, but this rate increased to 22% and 60% in August and November, respectively. The RBC count (7.4M/μL) and HCT (27.7%) values in Theileria-positive pastured cattle in November showed a dramatic decrease compared to those of cattle examined in March. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Theileria isolates correspond to T. orientalis. These results suggest that a remarkable increase in tick infestation in mountainous areas in the summer may cause increased rates of infection with T. orientalis, leading to significant changes in the RBC profile after grazing. Therefore, these hematological changes may be associated with T. orientalis infection caused by tick-biting; thus, additional studies on the pathogenicity of T. orientalis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Yoo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinics, National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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Kakati P, Sarmah PC, Ray D, Bhattacharjee K, Sharma RK, Barkalita LM, Sarma DK, Baishya BC, Borah P, Stanley B. Emergence of oriental theileriosis in cattle and its transmission through Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Assam, India. Vet World 2015; 8:1099-104. [PMID: 27047205 PMCID: PMC4774779 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1099-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Theileria in blood samples of crossbred and indigenous adult cows raised under unorganized small scale farming system in a Babesia and Anaplasma endemic geographical area from Assam, India and to see its transmission through Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. Materials and Methods: For the present study, 57 clinical cases of cattle suspected to be of hemoparasitic infections were taken into consideration. The parasites were identified based on morphology in giemsa stained blood smear followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sera samples were tested for T. annulata antibodies in plate and Dot-ELISA. PCR was also conducted in eggs of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick collected from a Theileria orientalis positive animal. Results: PCR amplified 1124, 776, and 160 bp DNA fragments of B. bigemina (64.91%), T. orientalis (21.05%) and A. marginale (14.03%), respectively. This assay further conducted in 12 T. orientalis positive blood samples with primers of Buffeli, Chitose, and Ikeda variants of T. orientalis showed 3 samples positive to Ikeda type and none for Buffeli and Chitose. Babesia bovis and Theileria annulata specific primers also did not amplify any fragment during the PCR assay of the blood samples. Further, all sera samples tested negative to T. annulata antibodies in Plate and Dot-ELISA. PCR conducted in eggs of R (B).microplus tick collected from a T. orientalis positive animal revealed presence of the parasite DNA. Gradual improvement in physical condition leading to complete recovery in 10 out of 12 T. orientalis infected clinical cases treated with buparvaquone(at 2.5mg/kg.b.wt I/M) was the feedback obtained from field veterinarians and the cattle owners. Conclusion: The present investigation represents the first report of occurrence of T. orientalis in cattle of Assam with involvement of pathogenic Ikeda strain in clinical outbreaks and its possible natural transmission by R (B). microplus through the transovarian mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Kakati
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Prabhat Chandra Sarmah
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Debdatta Ray
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India
| | - Luit Moni Barkalita
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sarma
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India
| | - Bhaben Chandra Baishya
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal Borah
- Goat Research Station, Burnihat, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India
| | - Bobitha Stanley
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kang SW, Doan HTT, Choe SE, Noh JH, Yoo MS, Reddy KE, Kim YH, Kweon CH, Jung SC, Chang KY. Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ticks from grazing cattle in Korea. Parasitol Int 2013; 62:276-82. [PMID: 23501057 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to identify the tick species that infest grazing cattle and to determine the presence of tick-borne pathogens transmitted by these ticks in Korea. A total of 903 ticks (categorized into 566 tick pools) were collected from five provinces during 2010-2011. The most prevalent tick species was Haemaphysalis longicornis, followed by three Ixodes spp. ticks. The collected ticks were infected with both rickettsial and protozoan pathogens. In all, 469 (82.9%) tick pools tested positive for the Anaplasma/Ehrlichia 16S rRNA gene, whereas 67 (11.8%) were positive for the Babesia/Theileria 18S rRNA gene. Among the rickettsial pathogens, E. canis was detected with the highest rate (22.3%), followed by A. platys (20%), E. chaffeensis (19.4%), E. ewingii (19.3%), Rickettsia sp. (12.4%), A. phagocytophilum (5.5%) and E. muris (0.5%). Among the protozoan pathogens, T. equi was detected with the highest rate (7.2%), followed by T. sergenti/T. buffeli (3.7%) and B. caballi (0.35%). Simultaneous infections with up to seven pathogens were also identified. In particular, ticks infected with rickettsial pathogens were also infected with protozoan pathogens (22 samples). All five provinces investigated infected with tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Kang
- Parasitology and Insect Disease Research Laboratory, Animal, Plant and Fisheries, Quarantine and Inspection Agency, 480 Anyang 6 dong, Anyang City, Republic of Korea.
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Wang L, He L, Fang R, Song Q, Tu P, Jenkins A, Zhou Y, Zhao J. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Theileria sergenti infection targeting the p33 gene. Vet Parasitol 2010; 171:159-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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High prevalence of Theileria sp. in wild Chinese Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in South Korea. Vet Parasitol 2009; 164:311-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ko MS, Lee KK, Hwang KK, Kim BS, Choi GC, Yun YM. Antigenic diversity of Theileria major piroplasm surface protein gene in Jeju black cattle. J Vet Sci 2008; 9:155-60. [PMID: 18487936 PMCID: PMC2839092 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piroplasms are tick-transmitted, intracellular, hemoprotozoan parasites that cause anorexia, fever, anemia, and icterus. Theileriosis is caused by Theileria sergenti and causes major economic losses in grazing cattle in Japan and Korea. In May 2003, we examined the antigenic diversity of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene in 35 healthy Jeju black cattle that were born and raised at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture. On microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears, 9 of 35 cattle had intra-erythrocytic piroplasms. Hematological data were within normal range for all 35 cattle. Amplification of DNA from all blood samples using universal MPSP gene primers showed mixed infections with C, I, and B type Theileria spp. Type C was identified in 20 of 35 blood samples, and type B was identified in 17 samples. Allelic variation was seen in type B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Soon Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Jeong W, Kweon CH, Kim JM, Jang H, Paik SG. SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THEILERIA SERGENTI USING LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST IN SOUTH KOREA. J Parasitol 2005; 91:164-9. [PMID: 15856893 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Theileria sergenti causes persistent theileriosis in cattle, characterized by fever and chronic anemia. Theileriosis causes losses in feed efficiency and growth retardation through cycling infections in endemic areas. Among several major proteins of T. sergenti merozoites, the surface protein p33 is reported to be the most immunogenic. In this study, we investigated the use of p33 as a diagnostic antigen in a latex agglutination test to monitor antibodies against T. sergenti. When compared with TaqMan polymerase chain reaction, the sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test were 86.5 and 92.5%, respectively. An epidemiological survey using the latex agglutination test was conducted with 1,046 sera collected from 4 slaughterhouses and 2 individual pasture farms throughout South Korea; 27.3% of samples were seropositive, depending on the areas in which the cattle were raised. This study indicated that the latex agglutination test could be used as a convenient tool for epidemiological monitoring of T. sergenti infections in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseog Jeong
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Gyeonggi 427-824, South Korea.
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