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Kim SJ, Paik W, Lee JC, Song YJ, Yoon K, Noh BJ, Na DG. Ultrasonographic features of normal parathyroid glands confirmed during thyroid surgery in adult patients. Ultrasonography 2024; 43:364-375. [PMID: 39155462 DOI: 10.14366/usg.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to examine the ultrasonography (US) features of normal parathyroid glands (PTGs) that were identified on preoperative US and subsequently confirmed during thyroid surgery. METHODS This retrospective study included a consecutive sample of 161 patients (mean±standard deviation age, 56±14 years; 128 women) with 294 normal PTGs identified on preoperative US PTG mapping and confirmed during thyroidectomy. A presumed normal PTG on US was defined as a small, round to oval, hyperechoic structure in the central neck. These presumed normal PTGs, as identified on preoperative US, were mapped onto thyroid computed tomography images and diagrams of the thyroid gland and neck. During the preoperative real-time US examinations, the location, size, shape, echogenicity, echotexture, and intraglandular vascular flow of the identified presumed PTGs were assessed. These characteristics were compared between superior and inferior PTGs using the generalized estimating equation method. RESULTS The typical US features of homogeneous hyperechogenicity without intraglandular vascular flow were observed in 267 (90.8%) normal PTGs, while atypical features, including isoechogenicity (1.0%), heterogeneous echotexture with focal hypoechogenicity (5.8%), and intraglandular vascular flow (3.7%), were noted in 27 (9.2%). Inferior PTGs were more frequently identified in posterolateral (36.1% vs. 5.3%) and thyroid pole locations (29.9% vs. 5.3%), and less frequently in posteromedial locations (29.2% vs. 88.0%), compared to superior PTGs (P<0.001 for each comparison). CONCLUSION Most normal PTGs displayed the typical US features of homogeneous hyperechogenicity without intraglandular vascular flow. However, in rare cases, normal PTGs exhibited atypical features, including isoechogenicity, heterogeneous echotexture with focal hypoechogenicity, and intraglandular vascular flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ju Kim
- Department of Radiology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung
| | - Wooyul Paik
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Yoon
- Department of Surgery, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Byeong-Joo Noh
- Department of Pathology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Na
- Department of Radiology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung
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Grani G, Sponziello M, Filetti S, Durante C. Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01025-4. [PMID: 39152228 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules, with a prevalence of almost 25% in the general population, are a common occurrence. Their prevalence varies considerably depending on demographics such as age and sex as well as the presence of risk factors. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence, risk stratification and current management strategies for thyroid nodules, with a particular focus on changes in diagnostic and therapeutic protocols that have occurred over the past 10 years. Several sonography-based stratification systems (such as Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADS)) might help to predict the malignancy risk of nodules, potentially eliminating the need for biopsy in many instances. However, large or suspicious nodules necessitate cytological evaluation following fine-needle aspiration biopsy for accurate classification. In the case of cytology yielding indeterminate results, additional tools, such as molecular testing, can assist in guiding the management plan. Surgery is no longer the only treatment for symptomatic or malignant nodules: active surveillance or local ablative treatments might be beneficial for appropriately selected patients. To enhance clinician-patient interactions and discussions about diagnostic options, shared decision-making tools have been developed. A personalized, risk-based protocol promotes high-quality care while minimizing costs and unnecessary testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grani
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Leonov D, Nasibullina A, Grebennikova V, Vlasova O, Bulgakova Y, Belyakova E, Shestakova D, Costa-Júnior JFS, Omelianskaya O, Vasilev Y. Design and evaluation of an anthropomorphic neck phantom for improved ultrasound diagnostics of thyroid gland tumors. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024; 19:1637-1645. [PMID: 38668928 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-024-03130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with ultrasound-guided biopsy being the method of choice for its early detection. The accuracy of diagnostics directly depends on the qualifications of the ultrasonographers, whose performance can be enhanced through training with phantoms. The aim of this study is to propose a reproducible methodology for designing a neck phantom for ultrasound training and research from widely available materials and to validate its applicability. METHODS The phantom was made using polyvinyl chloride mixed with additives to reproduce different levels of brightness on ultrasound screens. 3D printing and casting were used to create the neck model and various structures of the neck, including bones, cartilage, arteries, veins, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, and soft tissues. The small objects, such as tumor and lymph node models, were shaped manually. All the phantom's materials were carefully selected to match the ultrasonic speed and attenuation values of real soft tissues and bones. RESULTS The thyroid gland contains models of a cancerous and cystic nodule. In the neck, there are models of carotid arteries and jugular veins filled with ultrasound-transparent gel. Additionally, there are replicas of lymph nodes and bone structures such as hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, trachea, and vertebrae. The resulting phantom covers the entire neck area and has been positively received by practicing ultrasound specialists. CONCLUSIONS The proposed manufacturing technology offers a reliable and cost-effective approach to produce an anthropomorphic neck phantom for ultrasound diagnosis of the thyroid gland. The realistic simulation provided by the phantom enhances the quality and accuracy of ultrasound examinations, contributing to better training for medical professionals and improved patient care. Subsequent research efforts can concentrate on refining the fabrication process and exploring additional features to enhance the phantom's capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Leonov
- Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine, Moscow, Russia.
- Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Veronika Grebennikova
- Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Vlasova
- Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Bulgakova
- Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Belyakova
- Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Yuriy Vasilev
- Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine, Moscow, Russia
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David E, Grazhdani H, Tattaresu G, Pittari A, Foti PV, Palmucci S, Spatola C, Lo Greco MC, Inì C, Tiralongo F, Castiglione D, Mastroeni G, Gigli S, Basile A. Thyroid Nodule Characterization: Overview and State of the Art of Diagnosis with Recent Developments, from Imaging to Molecular Diagnosis and Artificial Intelligence. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1676. [PMID: 39200141 PMCID: PMC11351886 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is the primary tool for evaluating patients with thyroid nodules, and the risk of malignancy assessed is based on US features. These features help determine which patients require fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Classification systems for US features have been developed to facilitate efficient interpretation, reporting, and communication of thyroid US findings. These systems have been validated by numerous studies and are reviewed in this article. Additionally, this overview provides a comprehensive description of the clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules, various imaging modalities, grayscale US features, color Doppler US, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), US elastography, FNA biopsy assessment, and the recent introduction of molecular testing. The potential of artificial intelligence in thyroid US is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele David
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Tattaresu
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Pittari
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Pietro Valerio Foti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Corrado Spatola
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Chiara Lo Greco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Corrado Inì
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Castiglione
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Silvia Gigli
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Basile
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University Hospital Policlinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.T.); (A.P.); (P.V.F.); (S.P.); (C.S.); (M.C.L.G.); (C.I.); (F.T.); (D.C.); (A.B.)
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Shin JH, Seo M, Lee MK, Jung SL. Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy and Technical Outcomes between Conventional Fixed Electrodes and Adjustable Electrodes in the Radiofrequency Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules. Korean J Radiol 2024; 25:199-209. [PMID: 38288899 PMCID: PMC10831303 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare therapeutic efficacy and technical outcomes between adjustable electrode (AE) and conventional fixed electrode (FE) for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2013 and 2021, RFA was performed on histologically proven benign thyroid nodules. For the AE method, AE length ≥ 1 cm with higher power and < 1 cm with lower power were utilized for ablating feeding vessels and nodules, especially those near anatomical structures, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy (volume reduction rate [VRR], complication rate, and regrowth rate) and technical outcomes (total energy delivery, ablated volume/energy, RFA time, and ablated volume/time) of FE and AE were compared. Continuous parameters were compared using a two-sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical parameters were compared using a chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A total of 182 nodules (FE: 92 vs. AE: 90) in 173 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 47.0 ± 14.7 years; female, 90.8% [157/173]; median follow-up, 726 days [interquartile range, 441-1075 days]) were analyzed. The therapeutic efficacy was comparable, whereas technical outcomes were more favorable for AE. Both electrodes demonstrated comparable overall median VRR (FE: 92.4% vs. AE: 84.9%, P = 0.240) without immediate major complications. Overall regrowth rates were comparable between the two groups (FE: 2.2% [2/90] vs. AE: 1.1% [1/90], P > 0.99). AE demonstrated a shorter median RFA time (FE: 811 vs. AE: 627 seconds, P = 0.009). Both delivered comparable median energy (FE: 42.8 vs. AE: 29.2 kJ, P = 0.069), but AE demonstrated higher median ablated volume/energy and median ablated volume/time (FE: 0.2 vs. AE: 0.3 cc/kJ, P < 0.001; and FE: 0.7 vs. AE: 1.0 cc/min, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Therapeutic efficacy between FE and AE was comparable. AE demonstrated better technical outcomes than FE in terms of RFA time, ablated volume/energy, and ablated volume/time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkook Seo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Lyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Seifert P, Kühnel C, Reißmann I, Winkens T, Freesmeyer M. [Standardized acquisition and documentation of cine loops on conventional thyroid ultrasound]. Laryngorhinootologie 2024; 103:96-106. [PMID: 37956975 DOI: 10.1055/a-2192-4039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is the basic imaging method for the assessment of the thyroid gland. Due to the high prevalence of structural disease, the examination procedure is used very frequently in Germany, in many cases in the context of follow-up. The assessment of thyroid pathologies and their dynamics is subjected to relevant inter- and intraobserver variability. Findings that were not identified during live ultrasound cannot be assessed retrospectively. Applying an SOP for the acquisition and documentation of standardized video sequences of ultrasound images (so-called cine loops), allows for a secondary retrospective evaluation of the thyroid gland, taking into account previously acquired images analogous to other cross-sectional imaging methods such as CT or MRI. The cine loops can be acquired by non-physician personnel, stored to the local PACS and used for educational and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Seifert
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Christian Kühnel
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivonne Reißmann
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Winkens
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
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Marcy PY, Tassart M, Marchand JG, Thariat J, Bizeau A, Ghanassia E. Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Carcinomas Ineligible for Surgery, in the Elderly. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:7439-7449. [PMID: 37623020 PMCID: PMC10453376 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30080539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty to 50% of differentiated thyroid carcinomas include papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (mPTC). Most of these tumors remain clinically silent, have a bright prognosis and a disease-specific mortality <1%. Surgery has been recommended as first line-treatment by current guidelines, the standard treatment being lobectomy. However, surgery has some drawbacks, including potential recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, in -patient basis hospital stay, lifelong medication, scarring of the neck, and general anesthesia related risks. Moreover, elderly patients who present severe comorbidities, could be ineligible for surgery, and others may refuse invasive surgery. Another option supported by the American Thyroid Association is active surveillance. This option can be considered as unattractive and difficult to accept by European patients, as there is a 2-6% risk of disease progression. Percutaneous image-guided thermal ablation has been successfully applied in the treatment of liver and lung tumors in the 1990s and 2000s; and has recently been proposed as an alternative to surgery in patients presenting with thyroid diseases. This minimally invasive treatment has similar efficacy, fewer complications, better quality of life and cosmetic outcomes than surgery. We report herein two cases of radiofrequency ablation of mPTC and T2 PTC in elderly patients who were ineligible for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Yves Marcy
- PolyClinics ELSAN Group, Medipole Sud, Quartier Quiez, 83189 Ollioules, France; (M.T.); (J.-G.M.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (E.G.)
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Zufry H, Nazarrudin N, Zulfa PO, Sucipto KW, Kamarlis RK, Ekadamayanti AS, Beočanin A, Firdausa S. Comparative analysis of accuracy between fine-needle aspiration biopsy and postoperative histopathology for detecting large thyroid nodules: A retrospective observational study. NARRA J 2023; 3:e206. [PMID: 38450262 PMCID: PMC10914041 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
To avoid unnecessary surgeries, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is an effective and reliable procedure for the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, there have been only a limited number of studies exploring the ability of preoperative FNAB to distinguish malignancy compared to postoperative histopathology in thyroid nodules larger than 4 cm. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB compared to postoperative histopathology in distinguishing malignancy in thyroid nodules larger than 4 cm. A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, between January 2014 and December 2018. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. A total of 83 patients were included in the study. The results showed that preoperative FNAB may have the ability to distinguish malignancy compared to postoperative histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 42.85%, 98.38%, 90.00%, 83.56%, and 84.33%, respectively. These data suggested that ultrasound-guided preoperative FNAB is a reliable diagnostic tool in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules larger than 4 cm, but it has limited capability in distinguishing malignancies. In conclusion, although FNAB may be useful in reducing unnecessary surgeries, histopathology remains the preferred method for confirming malignancy in thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Zufry
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Innovation and Research Center of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | | | - Putri O. Zulfa
- Innovation and Research Center of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Krishna W. Sucipto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Reno K. Kamarlis
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Agustia S. Ekadamayanti
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | | | - Sarah Firdausa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Na DG. [Clinical Application of the 2021 Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS)]. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2023; 84:92-109. [PMID: 36818707 PMCID: PMC9935946 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In patients with thyroid nodules, ultrasonography (US) has been established as a primary diagnostic imaging method and is essential for treatment decision. The Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) is a pattern-based, US malignancy risk stratification system that can easily diagnose nodules during real-time ultrasound examinations. The 2021 K-TIRADS clarified the US criteria for nodule classification and revised the size thresholds for nodule biopsy, thereby reducing unnecessary biopsies for benign nodules while maintaining the appropriate sensitivity to detect malignant tumors in patients without feature of high risk thyroid cancer. Thyroid radiology practice has an important clinical role in the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of patients with thyroid nodules, and should be performed according to standard practice guidelines for proper and effective clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyu Na
- Department of Radiology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Human Medical Imaging and Intervention Center, Seoul, Korea
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