1
|
Lipids as Targets for Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043272. [PMID: 36834678 PMCID: PMC9963825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is among the top ten most common cancers to date. Within the kidney, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid lesion occurring. While various risk factors are suspected, including unhealthy lifestyle, age, and ethnicity, genetic mutations seem to be a key risk factor. In particular, mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene (Vhl) have attracted a lot of interest since this gene regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which in turn drive the transcription of many genes that are important for renal cancer growth and progression, including genes involved in lipid metabolism and signaling. Recent data suggest that HIF-1/2 are themselves regulated by bioactive lipids which make the connection between lipids and renal cancer obvious. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of the different classes of bioactive lipids, including sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, eicosanoids, free fatty acids, cannabinoids, and cholesterol to renal carcinoma progression. Novel pharmacological strategies interfering with lipid signaling to treat renal cancer will be highlighted.
Collapse
|
2
|
Rappold PM, Vuong L, Leibold J, Chakiryan NH, Curry M, Kuo F, Sabio E, Jiang H, Nixon BG, Liu M, Berglund AE, Silagy AW, Mascareno A, Golkaram M, Marker M, Reising A, Savchenko A, Millholland J, Chen YB, Russo P, Coleman J, Reznik E, Manley BJ, Ostrovnaya I, Makarov V, DiNatale RG, Blum KA, Ma X, Chowell D, Li MO, Solit DB, Lowe SW, Chan TA, Motzer RJ, Voss MH, Hakimi AA. A Targetable Myeloid Inflammatory State Governs Disease Recurrence in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2308-2329. [PMID: 35758895 PMCID: PMC9720541 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is poorly understood how the tumor immune microenvironment influences disease recurrence in localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here we performed whole-transcriptomic profiling of 236 tumors from patients assigned to the placebo-only arm of a randomized, adjuvant clinical trial for high-risk localized ccRCC. Unbiased pathway analysis identified myeloid-derived IL6 as a key mediator. Furthermore, a novel myeloid gene signature strongly correlated with disease recurrence and overall survival on uni- and multivariate analyses and is linked to TP53 inactivation across multiple data sets. Strikingly, effector T-cell gene signatures, infiltration patterns, and exhaustion markers were not associated with disease recurrence. Targeting immunosuppressive myeloid inflammation with an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist in a novel, immunocompetent, Tp53-inactivated mouse model significantly reduced metastatic development. Our findings suggest that myeloid inflammation promotes disease recurrence in ccRCC and is targetable as well as provide a potential biomarker-based framework for the design of future immuno-oncology trials in ccRCC. SIGNIFICANCE Improved understanding of factors that influence metastatic development in localized ccRCC is greatly needed to aid accurate prediction of disease recurrence, clinical decision-making, and future adjuvant clinical trial design. Our analysis implicates intratumoral myeloid inflammation as a key driver of metastasis in patients and a novel immunocompetent mouse model. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Rappold
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Vuong
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Leibold
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology & Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy (iFIT), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nicholas H. Chakiryan
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Curry
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fengshen Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erich Sabio
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Briana G. Nixon
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Legend Biotech USA Inc, NJ, USA
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew W. Silagy
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ankur Mascareno
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahdi Golkaram
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Russo
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ed Reznik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon J. Manley
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Renzo G. DiNatale
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle A. Blum
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Precision Immunology Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming O. Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B. Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert J. Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin H. Voss
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petitprez F, Ayadi M, de Reyniès A, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C, Job S. Review of Prognostic Expression Markers for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643065. [PMID: 33996558 PMCID: PMC8113694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The number of prognostic markers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been increasing regularly over the last 15 years, without being integrated and compared. Objective: Our goal was to perform a review of prognostic markers for ccRCC to lay the ground for their use in the clinics. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed database was searched to identify RNA and protein markers whose expression level was reported as associated with survival of ccRCC patients. Relevant studies were selected through cross-reading by two readers. Evidence Synthesis: We selected 249 studies reporting an association with prognostic of either single markers or multiple-marker models. Altogether, these studies were based on a total of 341 distinct markers and 13 multiple-marker models. Twenty percent of these markers were involved in four biological pathways altered in ccRCC: cell cycle, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and immune response. The main genes (VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2) involved in ccRCC carcinogenesis are not the most relevant for assessing survival. Conclusion: Among single markers, the most validated markers were KI67, BIRC5, TP53, CXCR4, and CA9. Of the multiple-marker models, the most famous model, ClearCode34, has been highly validated on several independent datasets, but its clinical utility has not yet been investigated. Patient Summary: Over the years, the prognosis studies have evolved from single markers to multiple-marker models. Our review highlights the highly validated prognostic markers and multiple-marker models and discusses their clinical utility for better therapeutic care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Petitprez
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mira Ayadi
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, Complément et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, Complément et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Job
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Peng S, Jiang N, Wang A, Liu S, Xie H, Guo L, Cai Q, Niu Y. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of p53 expression in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102361-102370. [PMID: 29254251 PMCID: PMC5731961 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of p53 expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) had been investigated in previous studies; however, the results remain inconsistent. This study was performed to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of p53 protein expression in RCC. Materials and Methods Literature was identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane database, which investigated the relationships between p53 expression and outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for clinical parameters associated with p53 were extracted from eligible studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value. The fixed-effects model was used if there was no evidence of heterogeneity; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results A total of 2,013 patients from 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that p53 positive expression is associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.17, 95% confidence [CI]: 1.51–3.13) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.19–2.12) in RCC. In addition, p53 positive expression was closely correlated with TNM stage (III/IV vs. I/II: OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.05–6.00), Fuhrman grade (III/IV vs. I/II: OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.24–2.63), and distant metastasis (M1 vs. M0: OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.16–2.49), but not related to lymph node involvement (N1 vs. N0: OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.80–2.18), primary tumor stage (pT3/pT4 vs. pT1/pT2: OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.88–1.53), and sex (n = 2, male vs. female, OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.70–1.68). Conclusions This study suggests that p53 positive expression is correlated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features in patients with RCC, which indicates that p53 is a potentially effective therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Wang
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Shuanghe Peng
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Aixiang Wang
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Linpei Guo
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Departments of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tabriz HM, Mirzaalizadeh M, Gooran S, Niki F, Jabri M. COX-2 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Correlations with Tumor Grade, Stage and Patient Prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:535-8. [PMID: 26925639 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.2.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is important as an enzyme in the pathway leading to the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and arachidonic acid. This pathway is known to play a role in inflammation, tumor growth, invasiveness and metastasis, inhibition of apoptosis and angiogenesis. Inhibition of COX-2 has been shown to be a promising antitumor and antiangiogenic strategy in several tumor types, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, we decided to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of this marker and its association with several clinicopathological characteristics in a series of cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS COX-2 expression was examined immunohistochemically in tumor tissues obtained from 96 patients who underwent radical (94 cases) or partial (2 cases) nephrectomy. Correlations between COX-2 expression and clinicopathologic findings including pathologic stage, nuclear grade and other indicator of prognosis were examined. RESULTS Of 96 tumors, 20.9% were positive for COX-2 expression. A correlation was found between COX-2 expression and tumor histological subtype (P=0.03).The papillary subtype showed maximum expression of this marker (43.8%) and the clear subtype minimum (14.7%). There were also possible links between COX-2 expression and pathologic stage, nuclear grade and nodal involvement but the results were not statistically significant (P=0.8, P= 0.14 and P=0.06, respectively). No correlation was found between COX2 expression and patient age, gender, tumor size, metastasis or survival. CONCLUSIONS In our study, COX-2 expression was correlated with the histological subtype of RCC. Additional research is required to determine the link between COX-2 expression and prognosis and also evaluation of probable effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitor drugs in treatment of RCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Moradi Tabriz
- Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kędzierska H, Popławski P, Hoser G, Rybicka B, Rodzik K, Sokół E, Bogusławska J, Tański Z, Fogtman A, Koblowska M, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Decreased Expression of SRSF2 Splicing Factor Inhibits Apoptotic Pathways in Renal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101598. [PMID: 27690003 PMCID: PMC5085631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2(SRSF2) belongs to the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of proteins that regulate alternative splicing. Previous studies suggested that SRSF2 can contribute to carcinogenic processes. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, highly aggressive and difficult to treat, mainly due to resistance to apoptosis. In this study we hypothesized that SRSF2 contributes to the regulation of apoptosis in ccRCC. Using tissue samples obtained from ccRCC patients, as well as independent validation on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we demonstrate for the first time that expression of SRSF2 is decreased in ccRCC tumours when compared to non-tumorous control tissues. Furthermore, by employing a panel of ccRCC-derived cell lines with silenced SRSF2 expression and qPCR arrays we show that SRSF2 contributes not only to splicing patterns but also to expression of multiple apoptotic genes, including new SRSF2 targets: DIABLO, BIRC5/survivin, TRAIL, BIM, MCL1, TNFRSF9, TNFRSF1B, CRADD, BCL2L2, BCL2A1, and TP53. We also identified a new splice variant of CFLAR, an inhibitor of caspase activity. These changes culminate in diminished caspase-9 activity and inhibition of apoptosis. In summary, we show for the first time that decreased expression of SRSF2 in ccRCC contributes to protection of cancer cells viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kędzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Popławski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Rodzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Sokół
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Tański
- Department of Urology, Regional Hospital, 07-410 Ostrołęka, Poland.
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krabbe LM, Margulis V, Lotan Y. Prognostic Role of Cell Cycle and Proliferative Markers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 2016; 43:105-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
8
|
Kaminska K, Szczylik C, Lian F, Czarnecka AM. The role of prostaglandin E2 in renal cell cancer development: future implications for prognosis and therapy. Future Oncol 2015; 10:2177-87. [PMID: 25471032 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COX-2 plays a crucial pathophysiological role in the development of renal cell cancer (RCC). Recently, it has been shown that COX-2 inhibition enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based treatment. At the same time, molecular analyses revealed particular contribution of a COX-2 product - prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) - in RCC development. PGE2 was shown to activate Akt/RGC2/RalA signaling cascade in RCC cells. It also demonstrated upregulation of the expression of HIF-1α and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. All together, these data suggest that targeted anti-PGE2 therapies may offer an interesting therapeutic option for RCC patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaminska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shoji S, Nakano M, Tomonaga T, Kim H, Hanai K, Usui Y, Nagata Y, Miyazawa M, Sato H, Tang XY, Osamura YR, Uchida T, Terachi T, Takeya K. Value of metastin receptor immunohistochemistry in predicting metastasis after radical nephrectomy for pT1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:607-14. [PMID: 23277422 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
KISS-1 is a metastasis-suppressor gene of human melanoma, and encodes metastin, which was identified as the ligand of a G-protein-coupled receptor (metastin receptor). The precursor protein is cleaved to 54 amino acids, which may be further truncated into carboxy-terminal fragments. Previous studies showed that lack of metastin receptor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with tumor progression, but the prediction of metastasis in patients with pT1 clear cell RCC after radical nephrectomy is difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of metastin receptor immunohistochemistry in predicting metastasis after nephrectomy for pT1 clear cell RCC. After verification of the correlation between immunostaining and mRNA expression, we evaluated the clinical value of metastin receptor immunohistochemistry. Fifty-four patients were enrolled in this study; following radical nephrectomy, seven patients were found to have lung metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value with negative immunostaining of metastin receptor were 85.7, 97.6, 46.2, and 97.6 %, respectively. Metastasis-free survival rates were significantly higher in patients with positive staining (97.6 %) than in patients with negative staining (53.8 %) (P < 0.001). In univariate analysis for metastasis-free survival, negative immunostaining of metastin receptor was a significant risk factor for metastasis (P = 0.001). Furthermore, negative immunostaining of metastin receptor was an independent predictor for metastasis in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.735; 95 % CI 0.629-22.174; P = 0.002). In conclusion, our study suggests that negative expression of metastin receptor in clear cell RCC is significantly related to metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Shoji
- Department of Urology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji city, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee JW, Park JH, Suh JH, Nam KH, Choe JY, Jung HY, Chae JY, Moon KC. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and its prognostic significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 46:237-45. [PMID: 23110009 PMCID: PMC3479766 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2012.46.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. The purposes of this study are to elucidate the clinical significance of COX-2 in clear cell RCC (CCRCC) and to assess the treatment effect of COX-2 inhibition on CCRCC cell lines. Methods Using tumor samples obtained from 137 patients who had undergone nephrectomy at Seoul National University Hospital, we evaluated COX-2 expression on immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we performed the cell proliferation assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell invasion assay. Thus, we evaluated the effect of meloxicam, an inhibitor of COX-2, in two human CCRCC cell lines. Results Cancer-specific survival (p=0.038) and progression-free survival (p=0.031) were shorter in the COX-2 high expression group. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that COX-2 expression was an independent risk factor for pTNM stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade. The MTT assay revealed that COX-2 inhibition led to the suppression of the proliferation of CCRCC cell lines. Moreover, it also reduced their invasion capacity. Conclusions This study postulates that COX-2 is a poor prognostic indicator in human CCRCC, suggesting that COX-2 inhibition can be a potential therapy in CCRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Expression of C-reactive protein and cyclooxygenase enzyme-2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: correlation with pathological parameters in 110 patients. Tumour Biol 2010; 32:375-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
12
|
Noon AP, Vlatković N, Polański R, Maguire M, Shawki H, Parsons K, Boyd MT. p53 and MDM2 in renal cell carcinoma: biomarkers for disease progression and future therapeutic targets? Cancer 2010; 116:780-90. [PMID: 20052733 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and follows an unpredictable disease course. To improve prognostication, a better understanding of critical genes associated with disease progression is required. The objective of this review was to focus attention on 2 such genes, p53 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and to provide a comprehensive summary and critical analysis of the literature regarding these genes in RCC. Information was compiled by searching the PubMed database for articles that were published or e-published up to April 1, 2009. Search terms included renal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, p53, and MDM2. Full articles and any supplementary data were examined; and, when appropriate, references were checked for additional material. All studies that described assessment of p53 and/or MDM2 in renal cancer were included. The authors concluded that increased p53 expression, but not p53 mutation, is associated with reduced overall survival/more rapid disease progression in RCC. There also was evidence that MDM2 up-regulation is associated with decreased disease-specific survival. Two features of RCC stood out as unusual and will require further investigation. First, increased p53 expression is tightly linked with increased MDM2 expression; and, second, patients who have tumors that display increased p53 and MDM2 expression may have the poorest overall survival. Because there was no evidence to support the conclusion that p53 mutation is associated with poorer survival, it seemed clear that increased p53 expression in RCC occurs independent of mutation. Further investigation of the mechanisms leading to increased p53/MDM2 expression in RCC may lead to improved prognostication and to the identification of novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P Noon
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, School of Cancer Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gimenez SE, Secasan C, Raman JD. Prognostic markers and targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2009; 5:197-205. [PMID: 19284378 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.5.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of advanced renal cell carcinoma remains a persistent clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality for a large proportion of patients. Until recently, available medical immunotherapy regimens yielded a therapeutic response in only 20% of patients. Advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma have led to a rapidly expanding body of work exploring biomarkers for the disease and targeted therapeutics. We review current investigations into biomarkers and novel therapies for renal cell carcinoma, discuss the concept of anticancer vaccines, and propose a novel target for anticancer vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Elena Gimenez
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sozen S, Gurocak S, Erdem O, Acar C, Kordan Y, Akyol G, Alkibay T. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression: does it have a probable role in tumorigenesis mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma? Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40:295-301. [PMID: 17899436 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-007-9268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression with clinicopathologic features and determine the impact on prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS Expression of COX-2 was evaluated immunohistochemically in RCC tissues from 62 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy between 1996 and 2004. Percentage of COX-2 staining was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (1-24%), 2 (25-49%), 3 (50-74%), and 4 (75-100%). Immunohistochemical COX-2 staining score (ISS) was defined as summation of intensity and percentage of COX-2 staining. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients (43.5%) with a median follow-up of 47.8 (25-115) months stained positively for COX-2. COX-2 expression was positive in 37.1%, 50%, and 66.7% of patients with stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = 0.46). Correlation between ISS and pathological stage was statistically significant (P = 0.005). Multivariate regression analysis revealed no clinicopathologic parameter as independent predictors of progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically significant different survival rates in tumor stage, grade, and ISS. CONCLUSION Although COX-2 expression is not an independent predictor of progression in patients with RCC, patients with higher ISS values have significantly shorter progression-free survival rates. These results might be important to the clinician because positive COX-2 expression of a certain RCC might necessitate early adjuvant systemic therapy to delay the progression of RCC. For this reason, there is a need for innovative, prospective, and randomized studies in patients with positive COX-2 expression that will display the impact of systemic therapies in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Sozen
- Department of Urology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lamb GW, McArdle PA, Ramsey S, McNichol AM, Edwards J, Aitchison M, McMillan DC. The relationship between the local and systemic inflammatory responses and survival in patients undergoing resection for localized renal cancer. BJU Int 2008; 102:756-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Dirim A, Haberal AN, Goren MR, Tekin MI, Peskircioglu L, Demirhan B, Ozkardes H. VEGF, COX-2, and PCNA expression in renal cell carcinoma subtypes and their prognostic value. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40:861-8. [PMID: 18324478 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-008-9362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic value of new markers such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and review their differences in expression by histological subtype in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS About 99 patients who underwent radical (n = 79) or partial nephrectomy (n = 20) were included in this study. Histopathological specimens from the subjects were retrospectively analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of VEGF, COX-2, or PCNA. RESULTS Mean staining ratios for VEGF, COX-2, and PCNA were 16.5, 16.8, and 31%, respectively. Correlations were evaluated among these three prognostic factors. There was no correlation between PCNA and VEGF (P = .068), but there were significant correlations between COX-2 and both PCNA and VEGF (P = .005 and P = .000, respectively). A significant correlation was found between the expression of VEGF and both pathologic stage and vascular invasion (P = .018 and P = .025, respectively). In addition, patients with conventional RCC had significantly lower VEGF and COX-2 levels than those with papillary RCC (P < .012). CONCLUSIONS It is obvious that prognostic factors such as VEGF, COX-2, and PCNA may vary depending on histological subtype. The level of expression of these factors together with histological subtype may provide valuable predictive information about the outcome of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Dirim
- Department of Urology, Baskent University School of Medicine, 5. Sokak, No: 48, Kat:3, 06490, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Legan M, Luzar B, Marolt VF, Cor A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with p53 accumulation in premalignant and malignant gallbladder lesions. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3425-9. [PMID: 16733863 PMCID: PMC4087877 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i21.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression and p53 accumulation in gallbladder carcinoma and its precursor lesions.
METHODS: Sixty-eight gallbladder tissue samples comprising 14 cases of normal gallblader epithelium, 27 cases of dysplasia (11 low-grade dysplasia and 16 high-grade dysplasia) and 27 adenocarcinomas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for COX-2 expression and p53 accumulation. The relationship among COX-2 expression, p53 accumulation and clinicopathological characteristics was analysed.
RESULTS: COX-2 was expressed in 14.3% of normal gallbladder epithelium, 70.3% of dysplastic epitehlium, and 59.2% of adenocarcinomas. When divided into low- and high-grade dysplasia, COX-2 was positive in 5 (45.4%) cases of low-grade and 14 (87.5%) of high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.019). Accumulation of p53 was detected in 5 (31.2%) cases of high-grade dysplasia and in 13 (48.1%) of carcinomas. No p53 accumulation was found in normal epithelium or low-grade dysplasia. COX-2 overexpression was observed in 17 of 18 (94.4%) cases with p53-accumulation in comparison with 20 (40.0%) out of 50 cases without p53 accumulation (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The significant differences in COX-2 expression among normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia suggest that overexpression of COX-2 enzyme is an early event in gallbladder carcinogenensis. Furthermore, since accumulation of p53 correlates with COX-2 expression, COX-2 overexpression observed in gallbladder high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma might be partly due to the dysfunction of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Legan
- Institute for Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|