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Jing-Lun Z, Shuang C, Li-Mei Z, Xiao-Dong L. YKL-40 promotes chemokine expression following drug-induced liver injury via TF-PAR1 pathway in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205062. [PMID: 37693903 PMCID: PMC10484592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The inflammatory factor YKL-40 is associated with various inflammatory diseases and is key to remodeling inflammatory cells and tissues. YKL-40 (Chi3l1) promotes the activation of tissue factor (TF), leading to intrahepatic vascular coagulation (IAOC) and liver injury. TF is a key promoter of the exogenous coagulation cascade and is also involved in several signaling involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, charring, migration and inflammatory diseases pathways. However, the effect of YKL-40-induced TF-PAR1 pathway on the expression of downstream chemokines remains unknown. Methods: We established a liver injury model using Concanavalin A (ConA) in C57 BL/6 mice. By adopting various experimental techniques, the effect of YKL-40 induced TF-PAR1 pathway on the expression of downstream chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and IP-10 was verified. Results: We found that overexpression of YKL-40 increased the expression of TF, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), CCL2 and IP-10 in mice and exacerbated the severity of liver injury. However, blocking the expression of TF significantly reversed the extent of liver injury. Conclusion: We found that YKL-40 promotes the expression of downstream chemokines ligand 2 (CCL2) and IP-10 by activating the TF-PAR1 pathway, leading to increased recruitment of inflammatory cells and exacerbating the progression of liver injury. This provides a new approach for the clinical treatment of drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Jing-Lun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chai Shuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Li-Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Xiao-Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyan, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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CXCL10 Chemokine: A Critical Player in RNA and DNA Viral Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112445. [PMID: 36366543 PMCID: PMC9696077 DOI: 10.3390/v14112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines constitute a group of small, secreted proteins that regulate leukocyte migration and contribute to their activation. Chemokines are crucial inflammatory mediators that play a key role in managing viral infections, during which the profile of chemokine expression helps shape the immune response and regulate viral clearance, improving clinical outcome. In particular, the chemokine ligand CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 were explored in a plethora of RNA and DNA viral infections. In this review, we highlight the expression profile and role of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis in the host defense against a variety of RNA and DNA viral infections. We also discuss the interactions among viruses and host cells that trigger CXCL10 expression, as well as the signaling cascades induced in CXCR3 positive cells.
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Abstract
The human liver is an organ with a diverse array of immunologic functions. Its unique anatomic position that leads to it receiving all the mesenteric venous blood, combined with its unique micro anatomy, allows it to serve as a sentinel for the body's immune system. Hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells express key molecules that recruit and activate innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, a diverse array of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells resides within and traffics to the liver in specific circumstances. Derangement of these trafficking mechanisms underlies the pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver transplantation. Here, we review these pathways and interactions along with potential targets that have been identified to be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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El-Bendary M, Neamatallah M, Elalfy H, Besheer T, El-Setouhy M, Youssef MM, Zein M, Elhammady D, Hegazy A, Esmat G. Association of genetic polymorphisms of chemokines and their receptors with clearance or persistence of hepatitis C virus infection. Br J Biomed Sci 2018; 76:11-16. [PMID: 30175654 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2018.1518299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of certain genes may have an effect on either persistence of infection or spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We hypothesized that one or more variants of chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5) and chemokine receptors (CC chemokine receptor type 2 [CCR2]) genes are associated with the susceptibility to HCV infection. METHODS We recruited 1460 patients with chronic HCV (CHC), 108 subjects with spontaneous virus clearance (SVC) and 1446 individuals as a healthy control group. All were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs13900 C/T of CCL2, rs3817655 T/A of CCL5 and rs743660 G/A and rs1799864 G/A of CCR2 using allelic discrimination real-time PCR technique. RESULTS The carriage of the A allele of CCR2 rs743660 was significantly higher in CHC compared to SVC (odds ratio [OR] 4.03) and to controls (1.42) and in controls compared to SVC (2.85) (all P < 0.01). Similarly, the A allele of CCR2 rs1799864 was significantly higher in the CHC group when compared with both SVC (1.97) and controls (2.13) (both P < 0.01), but the OR between controls and SVC was not significant (1.08, P = 0.723). Carriage of C allele of CCL2 rs13900 and the T allele of CCL5 rs3817655 were significantly higher in SVC group when compared with both CHC (OR = 0.19 and OR = 0.24, respectively) and control groups (OR = 0.65 and OR = 0.45, respectively [all P < 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to HCV infection is associated with A alleles of both (rs743660 and rs1799864 G/A) of CCR2 while spontaneous clearance of HCV is associated with the C allele of rs13900 of CCL2 and T allele of rs3817655 of CCL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Bendary
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M Neamatallah
- b Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - H Elalfy
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - T Besheer
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M El-Setouhy
- c Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.,d Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Youssef
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M Zein
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - D Elhammady
- a Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - A Hegazy
- f Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - G Esmat
- g Endemic Medicine and Endemic Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Sung PS, Hong SH, Lee J, Park SH, Yoon SK, Chung WJ, Shin EC. CXCL10 is produced in hepatitis A virus-infected cells in an IRF3-dependent but IFN-independent manner. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6387. [PMID: 28744018 PMCID: PMC5527116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatitis A caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is accompanied by severe liver injury in adult patients, and the liver injury is associated with the production of chemokines. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of how HAV infection induces the production of CXCR3 and CCR5 chemokines, such as CXCL10, CCL4 and CCL5. The production of CXCL10, CCL4 and CCL5 was markedly increased by HAV (HM-175/18f) infection in the culture of primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In particular, CXCL10 was produced in HAV-infected cells, not in neighboring uninfected cells. Moreover, these chemokines were significantly increased in the sera of acute hepatitis A patients. The production of IFN-λs was also robustly induced by HAV infection, and the blocking of secreted IFN-λs partially abrogated the production of CCL4 and CCL5 in HAV-infected cells. However, CXCL10 production was not decreased by the blocking of IFN-λs. Instead, CXCL10 production was reduced by silencing the expression of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signal molecules, such as mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein and interferon regulatory factor 3, in HAV-infected cells. In conclusion, HAV infection strongly induces the production of helper 1 T cell-associated chemokines, particularly CXCL10 via RLR signaling, even without secreted IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Soo Sung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Vaccinology, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people worldwide and is the main cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the newly developed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have transformed the treatment of HCV infection, controlling HCV infection on a global scale remains a challenge because of the high cost, low resistance barrier of DAAs and lack of HCV vaccine. The host immune responses associated with HCV infection, especially HCV-specific T cellular immunity, determine the outcome of HCV infection: either acute or chronic infection. It is important to fully interpret the immunopathogenesis of HCV infection and consequently to exploit effective strategies to eliminate HCV. Here, we review the current progress in HCV immunology, which will deepen our understanding of the spectrum of HCV infection and immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijing Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | | | - Xuexiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 460000, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Immunological dynamics associated with rapid virological response during the early phase of type I interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179094. [PMID: 28614389 PMCID: PMC5470700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in antiviral immunity as well as immunopathogenesis of diverse chronic viral infections. However, the precise mechanisms regulating the multifaceted effects of type I IFNs on the immune system and pathological inflammation still remain unclear. In order to assess the immunological dynamics associated with rapid viral clearance in chronic hepatitis C patients during the acute phase of type I IFN therapy, we analyzed multiple parameters of virological and immunological responses in a cohort of 59 Korean hepatitis C patients who received pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin (IFN/RBV). Most of the Korean patients had favorable alleles in the IFN-λ loci for responsiveness to IFN/RBV (i.e., C/C in rs12979860, T/T in rs8099917, and TT/TT in rs368234815). Rapid virological response (RVR) was determined mainly by the hepatitis C virus genotype. Among the cytokines analyzed, higher plasma levels of IL-17A and FGF were observed in non-RVR patients infected with viral genotype 1 and IP-10 was consistently elevated in RVR group infected with genotype 2 during the early phase of antiviral therapy. In addition, these three cytokines were correlated each other, suggesting a functional linkage of the cytokines in antiviral responses during IFN/RBV therapy. A low baseline frequencies of regulatory T cells and γδ T cells, but high level of group 2 innate lymphoid cells, in peripheral bloods were also significantly associated with the RVR group, implicating a potential role of the cellular immunity during the early phase of IFN/RBV therapy. Therefore, the immunological programs established by chronic hepatitis C and rapid disruption of the delicate balance by exogenous type I IFN might be associated with the subsequent virological outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients.
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Shin SY, Jeong SH, Sung PS, Lee J, Kim HJ, Lee HW, Shin EC. Comparative Analysis of Liver Injury-Associated Cytokines in Acute Hepatitis A and B. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:652-7. [PMID: 26996565 PMCID: PMC4800355 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute hepatitis A (AHA) and acute hepatitis B (AHB) are caused by an acute infection of the hepatitis A virus and the hepatitis B virus, respectively. In both AHA and AHB, liver injury is known to be mediated by immune cells and cytokines. In this study, we measured serum levels of various cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins in patients with AHA or AHB to identify liver injury-associated cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six patients with AHA, 16 patients with AHB, and 14 healthy adults were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of 17 cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or cytometric bead arrays and analyzed for correlation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-18, IL-8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were significantly elevated in both AHA and AHB. IL-6, IL-22, granzyme B, and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) were elevated in AHA but not in AHB. In both AHA and AHB, the serum level of CXCL10 significantly correlated with the peak ALT level. Additionally, the serum level of granzyme B in AHA and the serum level of sFasL in AHB correlated with the peak ALT level. CONCLUSION We identified cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins associated with liver injury in AHA and AHB. These findings deepen the existing understanding of immunological mechanisms responsible for liver injury in acute viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jino Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
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Chaves DG, Sales CC, de Cássia Gonçalves P, da Silva-Malta MCF, Romanelli LC, Ribas JG, de Freitas Carneiro-Proietti AB, Martins ML. Plasmatic proinflammatory chemokines levels are tricky markers to monitoring HTLV-1 carriers. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1438-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonçalves Chaves
- Research Service; Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas); Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Camila Campos Sales
- Pharmacy College; Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Cláudio Romanelli
- Research Service; Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas); Belo Horizonte Brazil
- GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group); Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Ribas
- GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group); Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Anna Bárbara de Freitas Carneiro-Proietti
- Research Service; Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas); Belo Horizonte Brazil
- GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group); Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Marina Lobato Martins
- Research Service; Minas Gerais State Blood Center (Fundação Hemominas); Belo Horizonte Brazil
- GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group); Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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Serum levels of chemokines CCL4 and CCL5 in cirrhotic patients indicate the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:756-62. [PMID: 26270232 PMCID: PMC4559820 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The prognostic value of serum tumour markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) is limited. The aim of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum growth factors, apoptotic and inflammatory mediators of cirrhotic patients with and without HCC. METHODS Serum samples were collected from cirrhotic potential liver transplant patients (LTx) with (n=61) and without HCC (n=78) as well as from healthy controls (HCs; n=39). Serum concentrations of CRP, neopterin and IL-6 as markers of inflammation and thrombopoietin (TPO), GCSF, FGF basic and VEGF, HMGB1, CK-18 (M65) and CK18 fragment (M30) and a panel of proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL5 and IL-8) were measured. Chi square, Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney U-tests, ROC curve analysis and forward stepwise logistic regression analyses were applied. RESULTS Patients with HCC had higher serum TPO and chemokines (P<0.001 for TPO, CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL5) and lower CCL2 (P=0.008) levels than cirrhotic patients without HCC. Multivariate forward stepwise regression analysis for significant parameters showed that among the studied parameters CCL4 and CCL5 (P=0.001) are diagnostic markers of HCC. Serum levels of TPO and chemokines were lower, whereas M30 was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in HCs. CONCLUSIONS High serum levels of inflammatory chemokines such as CCL4 and CCL5 in the serum of cirrhotic patients indicate the presence of HCC.
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Ghanem I, Riveiro ME, Paradis V, Faivre S, de Parga PMV, Raymond E. Insights on the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogenesis. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:340-352. [PMID: 25075251 PMCID: PMC4113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a group of small chemotactic cytokines, and their G-protein-coupled receptors were originally identified for their ability to mediate various pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Beyond the influence of chemokines and their cognate receptors in several inflammatory diseases, several malignancies have been shown to be dependent of chemokines for progression, tumor growth, cellular migration and invasion, and angiogenesis; those later facilitating the development of distant metastases. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chemokines were shown to affect leukocyte recruitment, neovascularization and tumor progression. CXCL12 (stromal-derived factor 1 alpha- SDF-1) is the primary ligand for the seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor CXCR4. The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis exerts a variety of functions at different steps of HCC tumor progression, using autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms to sustain tumor cell growth, to induce angiogenesis and to facilitate tumor escape through evasion of immune surveillance. In this review, we have comprehensively described the role of CXCR4/CXCL12 in HCC and also investigated the role of CXCR7, an alternative receptors that also binds CXCL12 with potentially distinct downstream effects. Preclinical data converge to demonstrate that inhibition of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis may lead to direct inhibition of tumor migration, invasion, and metastases. This pathway is under investigation to identify potential novel treatments in HCC and other cancers. However, one of the major challenges faced in this emerging field targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathway, is the translation of current knowledge into the design and development of effective inhibitors of CXCR4 and/or CXCL12 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Ghanem
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University HospitalMadrid, Spain
| | - Maria E Riveiro
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Departments, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot)100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
- Oncology Therapeutic DevelopmentClichy, France
| | - Valerie Paradis
- INSERM U773 and Anatomopathology Departments, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot)100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Sandrine Faivre
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Departments, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot)100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | | | - Eric Raymond
- INSERM U728 and Medical Oncology Departments, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot)100 bd du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
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The role of chemokines in acute and chronic hepatitis C infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 11:25-40. [PMID: 23954947 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C imposes a significant burden on global healthcare. Chronic infection is associated with progressive inflammation of the liver which typically manifests in cirrhosis, organ failure and cancer. By virtue of elaborate evasion strategies, hepatitis C virus (HCV) succeeds as a persistent human virus. It has an extraordinary capacity to subvert the immune response enabling it to establish chronic infections and associated liver disease. Chemokines are low molecular weight chemotactic peptides that mediate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues and back into the lymphatics and peripheral blood. Thus, they are central to the temporal and spatial distribution of effector and regulatory immune cells. The interactions between chemokines and their cognate receptors help shape the immune response and therefore, have a major influence on the outcome of infection. However, chemokines represent a target for modulation by viruses including the HCV. HCV is known to modulate chemokine expression in vitro and may therefore enable its survival by subverting the immune response in vivo through altered leukocyte chemotaxis resulting in impaired viral clearance and the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation. In this review, the roles of chemokines in acute and chronic HCV infection are described with a particular emphasis placed on chemokine modulation as a means of immune subversion. We provide an in depth discussion of the part played by chemokines in mediating hepatic fibrosis while addressing the potential applications for these chemoattractants in prognostic medicine.
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Selimovic D, El-Khattouti A, Ghozlan H, Haikel Y, Abdelkader O, Hassan M. Hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: An insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:342-55. [PMID: 23355912 PMCID: PMC3554798 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people worldwide, and thereby becomes a series global health challenge. Chronic infection with HCV is considered one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the multiple functions of the HCV proteins and their impacts on the modulation of the intracellular signaling transduction processes, the drive of carcinogenesis during the infection with HCV, is thought to result from the interactions of viral proteins with host cell proteins. Thus, the induction of mutator phenotype, in liver, by the expression of HCV proteins provides a key mechanism for the development of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is considered one of the most common malignancies worldwide with increasing incidence during the past decades. In many countries, the trend of HCC is attributed to several liver diseases including HCV infection. However, the development of HCC is very complicated and results mainly from the imbalance between tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as from the alteration of cellular factors leading to a genomic instability. Besides the poor prognosis of HCC patients, this type of tumor is quite resistance to the available therapies. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms, which are implicated in the development of HCC during the course of HCV infection, may help to design a general therapeutic protocol for the treatment and/or the prevention of this malignancy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the development of HCV-associated HCC and the possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, Mohamed Hassan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Burr S, Thomas C, Brownlie J, Offord V, Coffey TJ, Werling D. Potential evidence for biotype-specific chemokine profile following BVDV infection of bovine macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 150:123-7. [PMID: 22985634 PMCID: PMC3778901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines play a key role in initiating the innate and subsequently adaptive immune response by recruiting immune cells to the site of an infection. Monocytes/macrophages (MØ) are part of the first line of defence against invading pathogens, and have been shown to release a variety of chemokines in response to infection. Here, we reveal the early transcriptional response of MØ to infection with cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhoea strains (BVDV). We demonstrate up-regulation of several key chemokines of the CCL and CXCL families in MØ exposed to cpBVDV, but not ncpBVDV. In contrast, infection of MØ with ncpBVDV led to down-regulation of chemokine mRNA expression compared to uninfected cells. Data suggest that ncpBVDV can shut down production of several key chemokines that play crucial roles in the immune response to infection. This study helps to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of BVDV infection, highlighting biotype-specific cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Burr
- Royal Veterinary College, Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
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Sim JE, Lee JB, Cho YN, Suh SH, Kim JK, Lee KY. A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:856-8. [PMID: 22665357 PMCID: PMC3381478 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.4.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which typically follows acute viral or bacterial infection or vaccination. We report a case of ADEM associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with positive serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-HCV antibody. After steroid treatment, neurologic symptoms were improved. Virus triggers autoimmunity or direct viral invasion plays a part in the genesis of ADEM. This is the first reported case of ADEM with anti-HCV antibody in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Sim
- Department of Neurology, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Bum Lee
- Department of Neurology, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Na Cho
- Department of Neurology, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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