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Mokhtari E, Rouhani P, Shahdadian F, Mohammadi S, Heidari Z, Saneei P. An Unhealthy Plant-Based Diet Increases Risk of Hypertension but not Framingham Risk Score in Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102008. [PMID: 37869525 PMCID: PMC10587703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds We investigated the relation of plant-based diets (PDs) with hypertension (HTN) and Framingham risk score (FRS) in Iranian adults. Objectives We hypothesized that healthy PDs might have positive effects on blood pressure (BP) and FRS, whereas less-healthy plant-based foods might have negative effects. Methods The current cross-sectional study was performed on 527 middle-aged adults (45.7% women), who were selected through a multistage cluster random-sampling method. The assessment of dietary intakes was performed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Twelve-hour fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein concentrations. BP was measured through the standard method and HTN was defined as BP ≥130/80 mmHg. FRS was used to predict the 10-y risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results The prevalence of HTN and high FRS among study participants were, respectively, 62% and 15.6%. After adjustment for potential confounders, plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) were not significantly associated with HTN [odds ratio (OR): 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 1.79 and OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.53, respectively)]. However, those in the highest tertile of unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) in comparison with those in the bottom tertile had a 100% increased odds of HTN (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.88). Greater adherence to PDI, hPDI, and uPDI was not related to high FRS chance, in fully adjusted model (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.65; OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.26, 4.04; and OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 0.56, 7.52, respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrated that less-healthy PDs would enhance the chance of HTN in Iranian adults, although PDIs were not significantly related to the 10-y risk of developing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mokhtari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Rouhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sobhan Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Yoo JY, Cho HJ, Lee JE. Lower dietary calcium intake is associated with a higher risk of mortality in Korean adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:2072-2086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bu SY, Choi MJ, Choi DS, Jung YM, Jang IS, Yang N, Kim K, Park CY. Perspectives on the systematic review for the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans for calcium. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S89-S112. [PMID: 35651839 PMCID: PMC9127516 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate assessment of the recommended calcium (Ca) intake may contribute to reducing the risk of fractures and chronic diseases, ultimately improving quality of life. This review was performed to summarize key findings of Ca studies, investigate the effect of Ca intake on health outcomes, and determine the adequacy of evidence to revise the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) for Ca in 2020. Databases were searched for intervention studies that assessed health outcomes by providing Ca in diets or as supplements. The framework of the systematic review comprised conducting literature searches, data extraction, quality assessment of the literature, and summarizing key findings relevant to set the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for Ca for the 2020 KDRI. The final search was performed in June 2019. A total of 13,309 studies were identified through databases and manual search. Sixtyfive studies were included in the final quality assessment and were summarized according to health indicators. As bone health was used as an indicator of the EAR for Ca, literature reports on bone health were further categorized by the life-cycle stage of the participants. This systematic review did not find new evidence that could be applied to the general Korean adult population, including postmenopausal women, for defining a new EAR for Ca in the 2020 KDRIs. Evidence in most of the reviewed literature was considered weak; however, some evidence was found that could improve the criteria on how the EAR for Ca was determined in children and adolescents. A review of the literature for the 2020 KDRIs for Ca did not find strong evidence in order to change the recommended values of the 2015 KDRIs. More clinical interventions are required among Koreans to strengthen the body of evidence to warrant the revision of the KDRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Mi Ja Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Da Seul Choi
- Graduate School of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - You-Mi Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - In-Sil Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Narae Yang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kirang Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Zhang F, Ye J, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3072. [PMID: 31234600 PMCID: PMC6627166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health challenge worldwide and is associated with various comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Developing effective strategies to prevent obesity is therefore of paramount importance. One potential strategy to reduce obesity is to consume calcium, which has been implicated to be involved in reducing body weight/fat. In this review, we compile the evidence for the anti-obesity roles of calcium in cells, animals, and humans. In addition, we summarize the possible anti-obesity mechanisms of calcium, including regulation of (a) adipogenesis, (b) fat metabolism, (c) adipocyte (precursor) proliferation and apoptosis, (d) thermogenesis, (e) fat absorption and excretion, and (f) gut microbiota. Although the exact anti-obesity roles of calcium in different subjects and how calcium induces the proposed anti-obesity mechanisms need to be further investigated, the current evidence demonstrates the anti-obesity effects of calcium and suggests the potential application of dietary calcium for prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Watson J, Lee M, Garcia-Casal MN. Consequences of Inadequate Intakes of Vitamin A, Vitamin B 12, Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron, and Folate in Older Persons. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2018; 7:103-113. [PMID: 29721404 PMCID: PMC5918526 DOI: 10.1007/s13670-018-0241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review broadly discusses the consequences of inadequate consumption, by deficit or excess, of selected micronutrients on the quality of life and morbidity during aging, specifically considering increases in life expectancy and the costs of care in the older persons. Recent Findings A literature review of the periods 2012 to 2018, focusing on vitamins A, B12, and D, calcium, iron and folate, was completed as these micronutrients are found to significantly affect the aging process. Causation and application of these micronutrients to disorders related to aging are controversial and mixed. This review highlights research needs and controversial points on the role of these micronutrients. Summary Micronutrient deficiencies are a common and avoidable contributor to decreased quality of life and healthcare costs in the older persons. Further research is needed to determine adequate intakes and innovative uses, including appropriate thresholds for improved health outcomes for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Watson
- 1Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA
| | - Marissa Lee
- 2Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal
- 3Evidence and Programme Guidance Unit, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Av Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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FENG L, HU Z, WANG Q. Dietary Calcium and Serum 25OHD Protect Chinese Women from Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 63:222-227. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun FENG
- Department of Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medicine School of Zhejiang University
| | - Zhefang HU
- Department of Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medicine School of Zhejiang University
| | - Qingqing WANG
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medicine School of Zhejiang University
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Hernández-Angeles C, Castelo-Branco C. Cardiovascular risk in climacteric women: focus on diet. Climacteric 2016; 19:215-21. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2016.1173025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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