IL-10 Polymorphisms and Tuberculosis Susceptibility: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysis of interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: Insights from recent studies

BACKGROUND

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a universal health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the genetic factors affecting TB susceptibility is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a regulatory cytokine, may influence TB pathogenesis through genetic variations.

METHODS

The PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched to find studies on the relationship between IL-10 gene variants and tuberculosis. Relevant studies from 2016 to 2024 were identified through database searches. The selected case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. Software such as Review Manager was used to analyze quantitative data, with statistical significance set at p< 0.05. We calculated odds ratios and their respective confidence intervals to evaluate the associations.

RESULTS

Nine studies examined IL-10 gene polymorphisms (rs1800871 and rs1800872) in TB susceptibility. The present study did not show a notable association between IL-10 gene polymorphisms and TB among all genetic models (allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive). The obtained p-value > 0.05 indicates an insignificant association between both gene polymorphisms of IL-10. An OR-1.13; 95% CI-0.85, 1.50 was obtained for the SNP rs1800871, whereas an OR-1.02; 95% CI-0.75, 1.40 was obtained for the SNP rs1800872.

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis revealed no significant association between IL-10 gene polymorphisms and TB susceptibility, suggesting that these variations may not significantly contribute to TB susceptibility. Further research with a larger sample size and diverse ethnicities is needed to explore additional genetic variations and their implications in TB pathogenesis.

Effects of SNPs on TNF-α and IL-10 cytokine expression in TB and HIV patients in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Background

The impact of Tuberculosis (TB) places an immense burden on the health care system. Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor in the development and progression of TB disease. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumour Necrotic Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) may play a major role in the disease mechanism and understanding these mechanisms might prove to be a useful diagnostic tool in evaluating the immune regulation and progression of the disease.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and gene variants of Interleukin-10 and Tumour Necrotic Factor Alpha in TB and HIV-infected participants.

Methods

Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, and SNPs were determined by MassArray®.

Results

The levels of TNF-α were higher in the TB group than the HIV (p < 0.001) and TB-HIV (p = 0.011) groups, but similar to the TNF-α levels in the control group. In the HIV group, IL-10 levels were higher than those of the TB (p < 0.001) and control groups (p = 0.039), whereas there was no difference between the IL-10 levels in the HIV and the TB-HIV infection groups. The ratio was determined and there were no differences between the four infection groups. In this study, no associations were detected between the circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and their genotypes.

Conclusion

Our data showed that the gene variants were not associated with circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in our study population. A pro-inflammatory environment was found in the TB and TB-HIV groups, which is suggesting of bacterial clearance, while an anti-inflammatory environment was found in the HIV group, which suggests the suppression of viral replication.

The association of IL-10-1082G/A gene polymorphism with the risk of acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/RDS): A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Several records have reported that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the interleukin 10 (IL-10)-1082G/A locus affects the risk of acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/RDS), but the exact association between them has not been elucidated.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to elucidate the relationship between SNP at the IL-10-1082G/A locus and susceptibility to ALI/RDS by the method of meta-analysis, to identify the early warning indicators of ALI/RDS.

METHODS

Studies on IL-10-1082G/A SNP associated with ALI/RDS were obtained by thorough retrieval of four English databases from each database construction to April 1, 2022. We processed the data using Stata 15.0 software.

RESULTS

Eight eligible records were entered into this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis demonstrated that SNP at the IL-10-1082G/A locus contributed to the risk of ALI/RDS in the allelic (G vs. A: OR= 0.74, 95%CI: 0.55∼0.98) and recessive gene models (Genotype GG vs. GA+AA: OR= 0.57, 95%CI: 0.35∼0.93). The subgroup analysis based on case type showed that SNP at IL-10-1082G/A locus contributed to the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) under all the gene models (Allele G vs. A: OR= 0.45, 95%CI: 0.29∼0.72; Genotype GG+GA vs. AA: OR= 0.36, 95%CI: 0.22∼0.58; Genotype GG vs. GA+AA: OR= 0.30, 95%CI: 0.09∼0.97; Genotype GA vs. AA: OR= 0.44, 95%CI: 0.27∼0.73), except the homozygous model. However, it was not found that SNP at the IL-10-1082G/A locus contributed to ALI or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Moreover, the risk of ALI/RDS in Asia was associated with the IL-10-1082G/A locus in the allelic, recessive, and heterozygous models, while we did not observe this association across the Caucasian populations.

CONCLUSION

SNP at the IL-10-1082G/A locus contributed to the risk of ALI/RDS, allele G and genotype GG increasing the ALI/RDS risk, especially in Asia. Besides, allele G, genotype GG+GA, GG, and GA at the IL-10-1082G/A locus can increase susceptibility to NRDS.

Investigation of genetic susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (VDR and IL10 genes) in a population with a high level of substructure in the Brazilian Amazon region

OBJECTIVES

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious and contagious disease that has been very influential in human history and presents high rates of mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of VDR, IL10, and SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

METHODS

A total of 135 patients with confirmed TB and 141 healthy individuals were included in the analysis. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. Genotyping of the polymorphisms in the VDR and IL10 genes was performed by real-time PCR, and genotyping of the polymorphisms in the SLC11A1 gene by conventional PCR, followed by visualization in polyacrylamide gel. The genomic ancestry was obtained using an autosomal panel with 48 insertion/deletion ancestry-informative markers.

RESULTS

Polymorphisms TaqI (TT, p=0.004), FokI (CC and CC+CT, p=0.012 and p=0.003, respectively), and BsmI (GG, p=0.008) in the VDR gene, as well as A-592C (GC+AG, p=0.001) in the IL10 gene, were significantly associated with susceptibility to TB In addition, high production of VDR combined with low production of IL10 showed protection for the TB group (p=0.035).

CONCLUSIONS

The VDR polymorphisms may confer an increased risk and the IL10 haplotype may be a protection factor for the presence of M. tuberculosis infection in the Brazilian population.

[Association of interleukin-10 gene polymorphism with enterovirus 71 infection in children]

OBJECTIVE

To study the association of interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082A/G, -819C/T, and -592C/A polymorphisms with IL-10 level and the severity of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in children.

METHODS

A total of 137 children with hand-foot-mouth disease due to EV71 infection were enrolled as EV71 infection group, which was further divided into mild group with 91 children and severe group with 46 children, and 122 healthy children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as healthy control group. Related clinical data were collected. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of IL-10, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to analyze IL-10 -1082A/G, -819C/T and -592C/A polymorphisms.

RESULTS

Compared with the healthy control group, the children with EV71 infection had significantly higher frequency of -1082 AA genotype and A allele (P<0.05). Among the children with EV71 infection, the severe group had significantly higher frequency of -1082 AA genotype and A allele than the mild group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the distribution of IL-10 -819C/T and IL-10 -592C/A polymorphisms between the two groups (P>0.05). The severe group had a significantly higher serum level of IL-10 than the mild group and the healthy control group. IL-10 -1082 AA genotype, -819 TT genotype, and -592 AA genotype were associated with the low expression of IL-10 (P<0.05). As for haplotype, the EV71 infection group had a significantly lower frequency of GCC haplotype than the healthy control group (P<0.05). In the severe group, the children with ATA haplotype had a significantly lower IL-10 level than those with other haplotypes, and the children with GCC haplotype had a significantly higher IL-10 level than those with other haplotypes (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-10 level between children with different haplotypes in the mild group and the healthy control group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

IL-10 gene polymorphisms are associated with IL-10 expression and the severity of EV71 infection in children.

Association between the IL-6 gene polymorphism and tuberculosis risk: a meta-analysis

Background

The gene polymorphism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be implicated in tuberculosis susceptibility in many studies, but with conflicting results. This study aimed to provide more accurate estimation of the relationship between IL-6 gene polymorphism and tuberculosis risk through a meta-analysis.

Method

A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and other databases. Data were retrieved, and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed by using STATA 12.0.

Results

Twelve publications with 2635 cases and 3049 controls were included. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant evidence of association between IL-6 (-174G/C) and low risk of tuberculosis in dominant model (CC+GC vs GG: OR =0.693, 95% CI 0.581-0.826, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis got similar results for IL-6 (-174G/C) in Asians and Latinos, but the significance did not exist in Caucasians. IL-6 (-572C/G) polymorphism was also associated with low risk of tuberculosis in dominant model (CC+GC vs GG: OR =0.719, 95% CI 0.577-0.896, p=0.003). No publication bias was detected in either of the polymorphisms.

Conclusion

In summary, IL-6 -572 C/G polymorphism may be associated with a decreased risk of tuberculosis, and C allele is the protective factor against tuberculosis for IL-6 -174G/C among Asians and Latinos, but not in Caucasian population.

Differential contribution of interleukin-10 promoter variants in malaria and schistosomiasis mono- and co-infections among Nigerian children

OBJECTIVE

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by Th1 cells and macrophages. The rationale of this study was to examine and validate possible contributions of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms in sub-Saharan Africa in children infected with either Plasmodium falciparum or Schistosoma haematobium and in children co-infected with both parasites.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 309 Nigerian children aged 4-15 years were recruited. The study group consisted of individuals infected either with P. falciparum (n = 76) or S. haematobium (n = 94) in mono-infections, a group of children co-infected with both P. falciparum and S. haematobium (n = 62) and matched healthy controls (n = 77). The IL-10 promoter polymorphisms -1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A were genotyped by direct sequencing.

RESULTS

The frequencies of the IL-10 -1082GG genotype, the -1082G allele and haplotype GCC (positions -1082, -819 and -592) were higher in children infected with P. falciparum than in healthy controls, indicating that the -1082GG genotype and the -1082G allele and the GCC haplotype are associated with increased susceptibility to malaria infection (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2-10.8, P = 0.02; OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-3.4, P = 0.02; OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.0-7.2, P = 0.0001, respectively). Children with the -1082GG genotype had a higher parasitaemia than children with the -1082AA or -1082AG genotypes (P = 0.0017). Haplotype GCC occurred more frequently in children infected with S. haematobium, while haplotype GTA was less frequent than in controls (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-4.4, P = 0.017 and OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02-0.5, P = 0.0004, respectively). No differences in the frequencies of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms were observed between children with P. falciparum-S. haematobium co-infections and healthy controls.

CONCLUSION

Although IL-10 promoter polymorphisms are not associated with P. falciparum and S. haematobium co-infection, variant -1082G/A and haplotype GCC are associated with malaria, whereas the IL-10 haplotypes GCC and GTA are associated with schistosomiasis.

The Role of Host Genetics (and Genomics) in Tuberculosis

Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.

Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Chemokines and cytokines are critical for initiating and coordinating the organized and sequential recruitment and activation of cells into Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lungs. Correct mononuclear cellular recruitment and localization are essential to ensure control of bacterial growth without the development of diffuse and damaging granulocytic inflammation. An important block to our understanding of TB pathogenesis lies in dissecting the critical aspects of the cytokine/chemokine interplay in light of the conditional role these molecules play throughout infection and disease development. Much of the data highlighted in this review appears at first glance to be contradictory, but it is the balance between the cytokines and chemokines that is critical, and the "goldilocks" (not too much and not too little) phenomenon is paramount in any discussion of the role of these molecules in TB. Determination of how the key chemokines/cytokines and their receptors are balanced and how the loss of that balance can promote disease is vital to understanding TB pathogenesis and to identifying novel therapies for effective eradication of this disease.