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Jang SI, Nahm JH, Lee SY, Cho JH, Do MY, Park JS, Lee HS, Yang J, Kong J, Jung S, Kim S, Lee DK. Prediction of Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer According to Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 Expression as Determined by Immunohistochemical Staining. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5413. [PMID: 38001673 PMCID: PMC10670752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum level of CA 19-9 is a prognostic marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We evaluated the ability of the expression level of methionyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (MARS1)-which facilitates cancer growth by modulating protein synthesis and the cell cycle-to predict the prognosis of PDAC. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on pancreatic specimens obtained from patients with PDAC who were undergoing surgery. High MARS1 expression was defined as equal to, or greater than, that in normal acinar cells. Low MARS1 expression was defined as weaker than in normal acinar cells, and stronger than in the pancreatic duct epithelium. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on other factors related to prognosis. Among 137 PDAC patients, no significant differences in baseline characteristics were found between those with high (n = 82) and low (n = 55) MARS1 expression. The median overall survival time of patients with high MARS1 expression was shorter than that of those with low expression (15.2 versus 17.2 months, log-rank test p = 0.044). The median disease-free survival (DFS) was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the DFS was shorter in patients with high than in those with low MARS1 expression (8.9 versus 11.2 months, log-rank test p = 0.067). In a multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis and high MARS1 expression were associated with a poor prognosis of PDAC. Elevated MARS1 expression detected by IHC staining is associated with a poor prognosis of PDAC, suggesting that MARS1 has potential as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ill Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (S.I.J.); (S.Y.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.-Y.D.)
| | - Ji Hae Nahm
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea;
| | - See Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (S.I.J.); (S.Y.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.-Y.D.)
| | - Jae Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (S.I.J.); (S.Y.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.-Y.D.)
| | - Min-Young Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (S.I.J.); (S.Y.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.-Y.D.)
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (H.S.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Juyeon Yang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (H.S.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiwon Kong
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Seunghwan Jung
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.J.); (S.K.)
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; (S.I.J.); (S.Y.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.-Y.D.)
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Du X, Cui Z, Zhang R, Zhao K, Wang L, Yao J, Liu S, Cai C, Cao Y. The Effects of Rumen-Protected Choline and Rumen-Protected Nicotinamide on Liver Transcriptomics in Periparturient Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050594. [PMID: 37233635 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC) and rumen-protected nicotinamide (RPM) on liver metabolic function based on transcriptome in periparturient dairy cows, 10 healthy Holstein dairy cows with similar parity were allocated to RPC and RPM groups (n = 5). The cows were fed experimental diets between 14 days before and 21 days after parturition. The RPC diet contained 60 g RPC per day, and the RPM diet contained 18.7 g RPM per day. Liver biopsies were taken 21 days after calving for the transcriptome analysis. A model of fat deposition hepatocytes was constructed using the LO2 cell line with the addition of NEFA (1.6 mmol/L), and the expression level of genes closely related to liver metabolism was validated and divided into a CHO group (75 μmol/L) and a NAM group (2 mmol/L). The results showed that the expression of a total of 11,023 genes was detected and clustered obviously between the RPC and RPM groups. These genes were assigned to 852 Gene Ontology terms, the majority of which were associated with biological process and molecular function. A total of 1123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 640 up-regulated and 483 down-regulated, were identified between the RPC and RPM groups. These DEGs were mainly correlated with fat metabolism, oxidative stress and some inflammatory pathways. In addition, compared with the NAM group, the gene expression level of FGF21, CYP26A1, SLC13A5, SLCO1B3, FBP2, MARS1 and CDH11 in the CHO group increased significantly (p < 0.05). We proposed that that RPC could play a prominent role in the liver metabolism of periparturient dairy cows by regulating metabolic processes such as fatty acid synthesis and metabolism and glucose metabolism; yet, RPM was more involved in biological processes such as the TCA cycle, ATP generation and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue'er Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhijie Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Keliang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lamei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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3
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Chen J, Barrett L, Lin Z, Kendrick S, Mu S, Dai L, Qin Z. Identification of natural compounds tubercidin and lycorine HCl against small-cell lung cancer and BCAT1 as a therapeutic target. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2557-2565. [PMID: 35318805 PMCID: PMC9077304 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for a small fraction of lung cancer cases (~15%), the prognosis of patients with SCLC is poor with an average overall survival period of a few months without treatment. Current treatments include standard chemotherapy, which has minimal efficacy and a newly developed immunotherapy that thus far, benefits a limited number of patients. In the current study, we screened a natural product library and identified 5 natural compounds, in particular tubercidin and lycorine HCl, that display prominent anti-SCLC activities in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent RNA-sequencing and functional validation assays revealed the anti-SCLC mechanisms of these new compounds, and further identified new cellular factors such as BCAT1 as a potential therapeutic target with clinical implication in SCLC patients. Taken together, our study provides promising new directions for fighting this aggressive lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Chen
- Department of PathologyWinthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Lindsey Barrett
- Department of PathologyWinthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of PathologyTulane University Health Sciences CenterTulane Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisinaUSA
| | - Samantha Kendrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of PathologyWinthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of PathologyWinthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
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Khan K, Gogonea V, Fox PL. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and their role in tumorigenesis. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101392. [PMID: 35278792 PMCID: PMC8914993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs to generate aminoacylated-tRNAs. In higher eukaryotes, 9 of the 20 AARSs, along with 3 auxiliary proteins, join to form the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The complex is absent in prokaryotes, but evolutionary expansion of MSC constituents, primarily by addition of novel interacting domains, facilitates formation of subcomplexes that join to establish the holo-MSC. In some cases, environmental cues direct the release of constituents from the MSC which enables the execution of non-canonical, i.e., "moonlighting", functions distinct from their essential activities in protein translation. These activities are generally beneficial, but can also be deleterious to the cell. Elucidation of the non-canonical activities of several AARSs residing in the MSC suggest they are potential therapeutic targets for cancer, as well as metabolic and neurologic diseases. Here, we describe the role of MSC-resident AARSs in cancer progression, and the factors that regulate their release from the MSC. Also, we highlight recent developments in therapeutic modalities that target MSC AARSs for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States of America
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
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Bian M, Huang S, Yu D, Zhou Z. tRNA Metabolism and Lung Cancer: Beyond Translation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:659388. [PMID: 34660690 PMCID: PMC8516113 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.659388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, one of the most malignant tumors, has extremely high morbidity and mortality, posing a serious threat to global health. It is an urgent need to fully understand the pathogenesis of lung cancer and provide new ideas for its treatment. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has identified that transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA metabolism–associated enzymes not only participate in the protein translation but also play an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the different aspects of tRNA metabolism in lung cancer, such as tRNA transcription and mutation, tRNA molecules and derivatives, tRNA-modifying enzymes, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), aiming at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancer and providing new therapeutic strategies for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Bian
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiqiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zou Y, Yang Y, Fu X, He X, Liu M, Zong T, Li X, Htet Aung L, Wang Z, Yu T. The regulatory roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in cardiovascular disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:372-387. [PMID: 34484863 PMCID: PMC8399643 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are widely found in organisms, which can activate amino acids and make them bind to tRNA through ester bond to form the corresponding aminoyl-tRNA. The classic function of ARS is to provide raw materials for protein biosynthesis. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrates that ARSs play critical roles in controlling inflammation, immune responses, and tumorigenesis as well as other important physiological and pathological processes. With the recent development of genome and exon sequencing technology, as well as the discovery of new clinical cases, ARSs have been reported to be closely associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly angiogenesis and cardiomyopathy. Intriguingly, aminoacylation was newly identified and reported to modify substrate proteins, thereby regulating protein activity and functions. Sensing the availability of intracellular amino acids is closely related to the regulation of a variety of cell physiology. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the mechanism of CVDs caused by abnormal ARS function and introduce the clinical phenotypes and characteristics of CVDs related to ARS dysfunction. We also highlight the potential roles of aminoacylation in CVDs. Finally, we discuss some of the limitations and challenges of present research. The current findings suggest the significant roles of ARSs involved in the progress of CVDs, which present the potential clinical values as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
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7
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Gu J, Chu K. Increased Mars2 expression upon microRNA-4661-5p-mediated KDM5D downregulation is correlated with malignant degree of gastric cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2118-2128. [PMID: 34273914 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (Mars2) has been suggested as a biomarker indicating poor prognosis of cancers. This study focuses on the function of Mars2 in GC and the responsible molecules. Mars2 was highly expressed in GC patients according to a transcriptome analysis and the data from the public database, and its high expression was confirmed in the acquired GC cell lines. Downregulation of Mars2 significantly weakened the proliferation, resistance to death, migration and invasion of GC cells. The H3K4me3 modification level was increased in the promoter region of Mars2, which was attributed to reduced abundance of lysine demethylase 5D (KDM5D) in the Mars2 promoter. MicroRNA (miR)-4661-5p was identified as an upstream regulator of KDM5D. Downregulation of miR-4661-5p led to an increase in the expression of KDM5D while a decline in the expression of Mars2, which reduced the malignant behaviors of GC cells; however, the malignant behaviors of GC cells was restored after further inhibition of KDM5D. To conclude, this study suggested that increased Mars2 expression upon miR-4661-5p-mediated KDM5D downregulation is correlated with malignant degree of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaifeng Chu
- Department of Hepatology, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Dong M, Yang Z, Li X, Zhang Z, Yin A. Screening of Methylation Gene Sites as Prognostic Signature in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:1013-1023. [PMID: 33251775 PMCID: PMC7700873 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.12.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Most lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage and have poor prognosis. DNA methylation plays an important role in the prognosis prediction of cancers. The objective of this study was to identify new DNA methylation sites as biomarkers for LUAD prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downloaded DNA methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal. Cox proportional hazard regression model and random survival forest algorithm were applied to identify the DNA-methylation sites. Methylation of sites were validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. Function annotation were done to explore the biological function of DNA methylated sites signature. RESULTS Six DNA methylation sites were identified as prognosis signature. The signature yielded acceptable discrimination between the high-risk group and low-risk group. The discrimination effect of this DNA methylation signature for the OS was obvious, with a median OS of 21.89 months vs. 17.74 months for high-risk vs. low-risk groups. This prognostic prediction model was validated by the test group and GEO dataset. The predictive survival value was higher for the prognostic prediction model than that for the tumor node metastasis stage. Adjuvant hemotherapy could not affect the prediction of the signature. Functional analysis indicated that these signature genes were involved in protein binding and cytoplasm. CONCLUSION We identified the prognostic signature for LUAD by combining six DNA methylation sites. This could service as potential robust and specificity signature in the prognosis prediction of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Pulmonology Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Gansu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yang
- Infectious Diseases Unit, First People's Hospital of Guannan County, Guannan, China
| | - Xingfang Li
- Pulmonology Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Gansu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Orthopedics, Lanzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ankang Yin
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Zhou Z, Sun B, Nie A, Yu D, Bian M. Roles of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:599765. [PMID: 33330488 PMCID: PMC7729087 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs), thus playing an important role in protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, these enzymes exist in free form or in the form of multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The latter contains nine cytoplasmic ARSs and three ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs). Normally, ARSs and AIMPs are regarded as housekeeping molecules without additional functions. However, a growing number of studies indicate that ARSs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis. Here, we introduce the roles of ARSs and AIMPs in certain cancers, such as colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we particularly focus on their potential clinical applications in cancer, aiming at providing new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institution of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anzheng Nie
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Bian
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional proteins in physiology and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:579. [PMID: 32709848 PMCID: PMC7382500 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are an important class of enzymes with an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for protein synthesis. In higher eukaryotic systems, eight ARSs and three ARS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) form a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which seems to contribute to cellular homeostasis. Of these, AIMPs are generally considered as non-enzyme factors, playing a scaffolding role during MSC assembly. Although the functions of AIMPs are not fully understood, increasing evidence indicates that these scaffold proteins usually exert tumor-suppressive activities. In addition, endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), as a cleavage product of AIMP1, and AIMP2-DX2, as a splice variant of AIMP2 lacking exon 2, also have a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of AIMP1, EMAP II, AIMP2, AIMP2-DX2, and AIMP3. Also, we systematically introduce their emerging roles in cancer, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of cancer.
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