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Yu H, Ren J, Deng H, Li L, Zhang Z, Cheng S, Guo Z, Huang A, Dang Y, Song K, Wu D, Yao X, Qin Y, Yang Z, Xu K, He X, Chen J. Neuropilin-1 is a novel host factor modulating the entry of hepatitis B virus. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)02339-0. [PMID: 38960374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as the cellular receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, hepatocytes expressing NTCP exhibit varying susceptibilities to HBV infection. This study aimed to investigate whether other host factors modulate the process of HBV infection. METHODS Liver biopsy samples obtained from children with hepatitis B were used for single-cell sequencing and susceptibility analysis. Primary human hepatocytes, HepG2-NTCP cells, and human liver chimeric mice were used to analyze the effect of candidate host factors on HBV infection. RESULTS Single-cell sequencing and susceptibility analysis revealed a positive correlation between neuropilin-1 (NRP1) expression and HBV infection. In the HBV-infected cell model, NRP1 overexpression before HBV inoculation significantly enhanced viral attachment and internalization, and promoted viral infection in the presence of NTCP. Mechanistic studies indicated that NRP1 formed a complex with LHBs and NTCP. The NRP1 b domain mediated its interaction with conserved arginine residues at positions 88 and 92 in the preS1 domain of the HBV envelope protein LHBs. This NRP1-preS1 interaction subsequently promoted the binding of preS1 to NTCP, facilitating viral infection. Moreover, disruption of the NRP1-preS1 interaction by the NRP1 antagonist EG00229 significantly attenuated the binding affinity between NTCP and preS1, thereby inhibiting HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that NRP1 is a novel host factor for HBV infection, which interacts with preS1 and NTCP to modulate HBV entry into hepatocytes. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS HBV infection is a global public health problem, but the understanding of the early infection process of HBV remains limited. Through single-cell sequencing, we identified a novel host factor, NRP1, which modulates HBV entry by interacting with HBV preS1 and NTCP. Moreover, antagonists targeting NRP1 can inhibit HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo. This study could further advance our comprehension of the early infection process of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jihua Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengtao Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zufeng Guo
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunling Song
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daiqing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyan Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiping Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Gao L, Yang J, Feng J, Liu Z, Dong Y, Luo J, Yu L, Wang J, Fan H, Ma W, Liu T. PreS/2-21-Guided siRNA Nanoparticles Target to Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856463. [PMID: 35572586 PMCID: PMC9098953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable therapy is needed to overcome the deadlock of the incurable chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The prolonged existence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated HBV DNA in the nucleus of hepatocytes is the root cause of CHB. As a result, it is critical to successfully suppress HBV DNA replication and eliminate cccDNA. RNA interference has been proven in recent research to silence the expression of target genes and thereby decrease HBV replication. However, siRNA is susceptible to be degraded by RNA enzymes in vivo, making it difficult to deliver successfully and lacking of tissue targeting. To exploit the advantages of siRNA technology while also overcoming its limitations, we designed a new strategy and prepared biomimetic nanoparticles that were directed by PreS/2-21 peptides and precisely loaded HBV siRNA. Experiments on these nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo revealed that they are tiny, stable, safe and highly targetable, with high inhibitory effects on HBV DNA, pgRNA, cccDNA, HBeAg and HBsAg. PreS/2-21-directed nanoparticles loaded with HBV gene therapy drugs are expected to be promising for the treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jutao Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine & Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Luo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhentian Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tiancai Liu, ; Weifeng Ma,
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine & Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tiancai Liu, ; Weifeng Ma,
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3
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Li Y, Zhou J, Li T. Regulation of the HBV Entry Receptor NTCP and its Potential in Hepatitis B Treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:879817. [PMID: 35495620 PMCID: PMC9039015 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.879817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a globally prevalent human DNA virus responsible for more than 250 million cases of chronic liver infection, a condition that can lead to liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), a transmembrane protein highly expressed in human hepatocytes and a mediator of bile acid transport, has been identified as the receptor responsible for the cellular entry of both HBV and its satellite, hepatitis delta virus (HDV). This has led to significant advances in our understanding of the HBV life cycle, especially the early steps of infection. HepG2-NTCP cells and human NTCP-expressing transgenic mice have been employed as the primary cell culture and animal models, respectively, for the study of HBV, and represent valuable approaches for investigating its basic biology and developing treatments for infection. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of NTCP transcription, translation, post-translational modification, and transport are still largely elusive. Improvements in our understanding of NTCP biology would likely facilitate the design of new therapeutic drugs for the prevention of the de novo infection of naïve hepatocytes. In this review, we provide critical findings regarding NTCP biology and discuss important questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Tianliang Li,
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Wang Q, Qin Y, Zhang J, Jia L, Fu S, Wang Y, Li J, Tong S. Tracing the evolutionary history of hepadnaviruses in terms of e antigen and middle envelope protein expression or processing. Virus Res 2019; 276:197825. [PMID: 31785305 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype of hepadnaviruses, which can be subgrouped into orthohepadnaviruses infecting mammals, avihehepadnaviruses of birds, metahepadnaviruses of fish, and herpetohepadnaviruses of amphibians and reptiles. The middle (M) envelope protein and e antigen are new additions in the evolution of hepadnaviruses. They are alternative translation products of the transcripts for small (S) envelope and core proteins, respectively. For HBV, e antigen is converted from precore/core protein by removal of N-terminal signal peptide followed by furin-mediated cleavage of the basic C-terminus. This study compared old and newly discovered hepadnaviruses for their envelope protein and e antigen expression or processing. The S protein of bat hepatitis B virus (BHBV) and two metahepadnaviruses is probably myristoylated, in addition to two avihepadnaviruses. While most orthohepadnaviruses express a functional M protein with N-linked glycosylation near the amino-terminus, most metahepadnaviruses and herpetohepadnaviruses probably do not. These viruses and one orthohepadnavirus, the shrew hepatitis B virus, lack an open precore region required for e antigen expression. Potential furin cleavage sites (RXXR sequence) can be found in e antigen precursors of orthohepadnaviruses and avihepadnaviruses. Despite much larger precore/core proteins of avihepadnaviruses and their limited sequence homology with those of orthohepadnaviruses, their proximal RXXR motif can be aligned with a distal RXXR motif for orthohepadnaviruses. Thus, furin or another basic endopeptidase is probably the shared enzyme for hepadnaviral e antigen maturation. A precore-derived cysteine residue is involved in forming intramolecular disulfide bond of HBV e antigen to prevent particle formation, and such a cysteine residue is conserved for both orthohepadnaviruses and avihepadnaviruses. All orthohepadnaviruses have an X gene, while all avihepadnaviruses can express the e antigen. M protein expression appears to be the most recent event in the evolution of hepadnaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucy Jia
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shuwen Fu
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jisu Li
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shuping Tong
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Mitra B, Thapa RJ, Guo H, Block TM. Host functions used by hepatitis B virus to complete its life cycle: Implications for developing host-targeting agents to treat chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:185-198. [PMID: 30145242 PMCID: PMC6193490 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other mammalian viruses, the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is heavily dependent upon and regulated by cellular (host) functions. These cellular functions can be generally placed in to two categories: (a) intrinsic host restriction factors and innate defenses, which must be evaded or repressed by the virus; and (b) gene products that provide functions necessary for the virus to complete its life cycle. Some of these functions may apply to all viruses, but some may be specific to HBV. In certain cases, the virus may depend upon the host function much more than does the host itself. Knowing which host functions regulate the different steps of a virus' life cycle, can lead to new antiviral targets and help in developing novel treatment strategies, in addition to improving a fundamental understanding of viral pathogenesis. Therefore, in this review we will discuss known host factors which influence key steps of HBV life cycle, and further elucidate therapeutic interventions targeting host-HBV interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Mitra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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6
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Liu C, Xu G, Gao Z, Zhou Z, Guo G, Li D, Jing Z, Sui J, Li W. The p.Ser267Phe variant of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) supports HBV infection with a low efficiency. Virology 2018; 522:168-176. [PMID: 30032030 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its satellite virus Hepatitis D virus (HDV). Physiologically, NTCP is responsible for the majority of sodium-dependent bile acids uptake by hepatocytes. The p.Ser267Phe (S267F) variant of NTCP is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) previously found to cause substantial loss of ability to support HBV and HDV infection and its taurocholic acid uptake function in vitro. Intriguingly, ten individuals were identified as S267F homozygotes in population studies of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. In this study, we identified new HBV isolates from one homozygous S267F mutation carrier and confirmed new isolates also use wildtype-NTCP as a cellular receptor. Furthermore, we demonstrated S267F variant of NTCP, though inefficient, is still a functional receptor for HBV entry. This study advances our understanding of NTCP-mediated HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100875, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangwei Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenchao Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100875, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guilan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100875, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhiyi Jing
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China.
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Botelho-Souza LF, Vasconcelos MPA, Dos Santos ADO, Salcedo JMV, Vieira DS. Hepatitis delta: virological and clinical aspects. Virol J 2017; 14:177. [PMID: 28903779 PMCID: PMC5597996 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are an estimated 400 million chronic carriers of HBV worldwide; between 15 and 20 million have serological evidence of exposure to HDV. Traditionally, regions with high rates of endemicity are central and northern Africa, the Amazon Basin, eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, the Middle East and parts of Asia. There are two types of HDV/HBV infection which are differentiated by the previous status infection by HBV for the individual. Individuals with acute HBV infection contaminated by HDV is an HDV/HBV co-infection, while individuals with chronic HBV infection contaminated by HDV represent an HDV/HBV super-infection. The appropriate treatment for chronic hepatitis delta is still widely discussed since it does not have an effective drug. Alpha interferon is currently the only licensed therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis D. The most widely used drug is pegylated interferon but only approximately 25% of patients maintain a sustained viral response after 1 year of treatment. The best marker of therapeutic success would be the clearance of HBsAg, but this data is rare in clinical practice. Therefore, the best way to predict a sustained virologic response is the maintenance of undetectable HDV RNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Felipo Botelho-Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil.
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil.
| | | | - Alcione de Oliveira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil
| | - Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil
| | - Deusilene Souza Vieira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil
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Guillot C, Martel N, Berby F, Bordes I, Hantz O, Blanchet M, Sureau C, Vaillant A, Chemin I. Inhibition of hepatitis B viral entry by nucleic acid polymers in HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28636622 PMCID: PMC5479567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health concern worldwide with 240 million individuals chronically infected and at risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatments rarely cure chronic hepatitis B infection, highlighting the need for new anti-HBV drugs. Nucleic acid polymers (NAPs) are phosphorothioated oligonucleotides that have demonstrated a great potential to inhibit infection with several viruses. In chronically infected human patients, NAPs administration lead to a decline of blood HBsAg and HBV DNA and to HBsAg seroconversion, the expected signs of functional cure. NAPs have also been shown to prevent infection of duck hepatocytes with the Avihepadnavirus duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and to exert an antiviral activity against established DHBV infection in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the specific anti-HBV antiviral activity of NAPs in the HepaRG human hepatoma cell line and primary cultures of human hepatocytes. NAPs with different chemical features (phosphorothioation, 2’O-methyl ribose, 5-methylcytidine) were assessed for antiviral activity when provided at the time of HBV inoculation or post-inoculation. NAPs dose-dependently inhibited HBV entry in a phosphorothioation-dependent, sequence-independent and size-dependent manner. This inhibition of HBV entry by NAPs was impaired by 2’O-methyl ribose modification. NAP treatment after viral inoculation did not elicit any antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Guillot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nora Martel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Berby
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Bordes
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Hantz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Camille Sureau
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), CNRS INSERM U1134, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Chemin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (IC); (AV)
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Shimura S, Watashi K, Fukano K, Peel M, Sluder A, Kawai F, Iwamoto M, Tsukuda S, Takeuchi JS, Miyake T, Sugiyama M, Ogasawara Y, Park SY, Tanaka Y, Kusuhara H, Mizokami M, Sureau C, Wakita T. Cyclosporin derivatives inhibit hepatitis B virus entry without interfering with NTCP transporter activity. J Hepatol 2017; 66:685-692. [PMID: 27890789 PMCID: PMC7172969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) is the main target of most hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific entry inhibitors. Unfortunately, these agents also block NTCP transport of bile acids into hepatocytes, and thus have the potential to cause adverse effects. We aimed to identify small molecules that inhibit HBV entry while maintaining NTCP transporter function. METHODS We characterized a series of cyclosporine (CsA) derivatives for their anti-HBV activity and NTCP binding specificity using HepG2 cells overexpressing NTCP and primary human hepatocytes. The four most potent derivatives were tested for their capacity to prevent HBV entry, but maintain NTCP transporter function. Their antiviral activity against different HBV genotypes was analysed. RESULTS We identified several CsA derivatives that inhibited HBV infection with a sub-micromolar IC50. Among them, SCY446 and SCY450 showed low activity against calcineurin (CN) and cyclophilins (CyPs), two major CsA cellular targets. This suggested that instead, these compounds interacted directly with NTCP to inhibit viral attachment to host cells, and have no immunosuppressive function. Importantly, we found that SCY450 and SCY995 did not impair the NTCP-dependent uptake of bile acids, and inhibited multiple HBV genotypes including a clinically relevant nucleoside analog-resistant HBV isolate. CONCLUSIONS This is the first example of small molecule selective inhibition of HBV entry with no decrease in NTCP transporter activity. It suggests that the anti-HBV activity can be functionally separated from bile acid transport. These broadly active anti-HBV molecules are potential candidates for developing new drugs with fewer adverse effects. LAY SUMMARY In this study, we identified new compounds that selectively inhibited hepatitis B virus (HBV) entry, and did not impair bile acid uptake. Our evidence offers a new strategy for developing anti-HBV drugs with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Shimura
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; SCYNEXIS, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda 278-8510, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (J.S.T.), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | | | | | - Fumihiro Kawai
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwamoto
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Micro-signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko S Takeuchi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyake
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa 272-8516, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa 272-8516, Japan
| | - Camille Sureau
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Kim DH, Kang HS, Kim KH. Roles of hepatocyte nuclear factors in hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7017-7029. [PMID: 27610013 PMCID: PMC4988315 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 350 million people are estimated to be persistently infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. HBV maintains persistent infection by employing covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), a template for all HBV RNAs. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients are currently treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs such as lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and tenofovir. However, these treatments rarely cure CHB because they are unable to inhibit cccDNA transcription and inhibit only a late stage in the HBV life cycle (the reverse transcription step in the nucleocapsid). Therefore, an understanding of the factors regulating cccDNA transcription is required to stop this process. Among numerous factors, hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) play the most important roles in cccDNA transcription, especially in the generation of viral genomic RNA, a template for HBV replication. Therefore, proper control of HNF function could lead to the inhibition of HBV replication. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the roles of HNFs in the HBV life cycle and the upstream factors that regulate HNFs. This knowledge will enable the identification of new therapeutic targets to cure CHB.
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