1
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Kwon YS, Lee MG, Kim NY, Nam GS, Nam KS, Jang H, Kim S. Overcoming radioresistance of breast cancer cells with MAP4K4 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7410. [PMID: 38548749 PMCID: PMC10978830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. In this study, we explored the biological function of MAP4K4 in radioresistant breast cancer cells using two MAP4K4 inhibitors, namely PF06260933 and GNE-495. Radioresistant SR and MR cells were established by exposing SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells to 48-70 Gy of radiation delivered at 4-5 Gy twice a week over 10 months. Surprisingly, although radioresistant cells were derived from two different subtypes of breast cancer cell lines, MAP4K4 was significantly elevated regardless of subtype. Inhibition of MAP4K4 with PF06260933 or GNE-495 selectively targeted radioresistant cells and improved the response to irradiation. Furthermore, MAP4K4 inhibitors induced apoptosis through the accumulation of DNA damage by inhibiting DNA repair systems in radioresistant cells. Notably, Inhibition of MAP4K4 suppressed the expressions of ACSL4, suggesting that MAP4K4 functioned as an upstream effector of ACSL4. This study is the first to report that MAP4K4 plays a crucial role in mediating the radioresistance of breast cancer by acting upstream of ACSL4 to enhance DNA damage response and inhibit apoptosis. We hope that our findings provide a basis for the development of new drugs targeting MAP4K4 to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Suk Kwon
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Jeju-do, 63240, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Yi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Suk Nam
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Honam University, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, 62399, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pohang St. Mary's Hospital, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37661, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Yang Y, Xiong L, Li M, Jiang P, Wang J, Li C. Advances in radiotherapy and immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:526. [PMID: 37542324 PMCID: PMC10401766 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide; it caused approximately 830,000 deaths in 2020. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for over 80% of all cases. Various methods, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation, have been widely used in the treatment of HCC. With the advancement of technology, radiotherapy has become increasingly important in the comprehensive treatment of HCC. However, due to the insufficient sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation, there are still multiple limitation in clinical application of radiotherapy. In recent years, the role of immunotherapy in cancer has been increasingly revealed, and more researchers have turned their attention to the combined application of immunotherapy and radiotherapy in the hope of achieving better treatment outcomes. This article reviews the progress on radiation therapy in HCC and the current status of its combined application with immunotherapy, and discusses the prospects and value of radioimmunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liting Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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3
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Bagheri R, Rassouli FB, Gholamhosseinian H, Ebrahimi K, Mahdavi S, Goudarzi S, Iranshahi M, Rafatpanah H, Keramati MR. Radiation Response of Human Leukemia/Lymphoma Cells was Improved by 7-Geranyloxycoumarin. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221124479. [PMID: 36158737 PMCID: PMC9500271 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221124479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a blood neoplasm with specific geographic distribution. Although radiotherapy is a palliative treatment that provides long-term local control, single use of radiation leads to complications for patients. To introduce a novel multimodal approach against ATLL, we investigated combinatorial effects of 7-geranyloxycoumarin and radiation in vitro. Methods Viability of MT-2 cells was determined by resazurin assay upon administration of 7-geranyloxycoumarin alone and followed by radiation. Then, apoptosis was detected by annexin V and propidium iodide, and the expression of candidate genes was analyzed by qPCR. Results Findings revealed significant (P<.0001) improvement in radiation effects upon 7-geranyloxycoumarin pretreatment, most notably when cells were pretreated with 5 µg/ml 7-geranyloxycoumarin for 96 h, exposed to 6 Gy radiation and recovered for 48 h. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry, as the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells was increased after combinatorial treatment. In addition, significant (P< .0001) changes in CD44, c-MYC, cFLIPL, BMI-1, NF-κB (Rel A), and P53 expression was induced by 7-geranyloxycoumarin and radiation. Conclusions Current research indicated, for the first time, that combinatorial use of 7-geranyloxycoumarin and ionizing radiation could be considered as an effective therapeutic modality for ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bagheri
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh B. Rassouli
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Gholamhosseinian
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Keyhan Ebrahimi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shakiba Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Goudarzi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Lewis S, Dawson L, Barry A, Stanescu T, Mohamad I, Hosni A. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: from infancy to ongoing maturity. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100498. [PMID: 35860434 PMCID: PMC9289870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Lewis
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Dawson
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Aisling Barry
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Teodor Stanescu
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Issa Mohamad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Jordan
| | - Ali Hosni
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
- Corresponding author. Address: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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Kullenberg F, Degerstedt O, Calitz C, Pavlović N, Balgoma D, Gråsjö J, Sjögren E, Hedeland M, Heindryckx F, Lennernäs H. In Vitro Cell Toxicity and Intracellular Uptake of Doxorubicin Exposed as a Solution or Liposomes: Implications for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071717. [PMID: 34359887 PMCID: PMC8306283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic effects of doxorubicin in clinically applied doses are often inadequate and limited by systemic toxicity. The main objective of this in vitro study was to determine the anti-tumoral effect (IC50) and intracellular accumulation of free and liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) in four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, SNU449 and MCF7). The results of this study showed a correlation between longer DOX exposure time and lower IC50 values, which can be attributed to an increased cellular uptake and intracellular exposure of DOX, ultimately leading to cell death. We found that the total intracellular concentrations of DOX were a median value of 230 times higher than the exposure concentrations after exposure to free DOX. The intracellular uptake of DOX from solution was at least 10 times higher than from liposomal formulation. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to translate these novel quantitative findings to a clinical context and to simulate clinically relevant drug concentration-time curves. This showed that a liver tumor resembling the liver cancer cell line SNU449, the most resistant cell line in this study, would not reach therapeutic exposure at a standard clinical parenteral dose of doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), which is serious limitation for this drug. This study emphasizes the importance of in-vitro to in-vivo translations in the assessment of clinical consequence of experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Kullenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Oliver Degerstedt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Carlemi Calitz
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (C.C.); (N.P.); (F.H.)
| | - Nataša Pavlović
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (C.C.); (N.P.); (F.H.)
| | - David Balgoma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Johan Gråsjö
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (C.C.); (N.P.); (F.H.)
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Farzaneh Z, Vosough M, Agarwal T, Farzaneh M. Critical signaling pathways governing hepatocellular carcinoma behavior; small molecule-based approaches. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 33849569 PMCID: PMC8045321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of death due to cancer. Although there are different treatment options, these strategies are not efficient in terms of restricting the tumor cell's proliferation and metastasis. The liver tumor microenvironment contains the non-parenchymal cells with supportive or inhibitory effects on the cancerous phenotype of HCC. Several signaling pathways are dis-regulated in HCC and cause uncontrolled cell propagation, metastasis, and recurrence of liver carcinoma cells. Recent studies have established new approaches for the prevention and treatment of HCC using small molecules. Small molecules are compounds with a low molecular weight that usually inhibit the specific targets in signal transduction pathways. These components can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, block metastasis, and tumor growth. Devising strategies for simultaneously targeting HCC and the non-parenchymal population of the tumor could lead to more relevant research outcomes. These strategies may open new avenues for the treatment of HCC with minimal cytotoxic effects on healthy cells. This study provides the latest findings on critical signaling pathways governing HCC behavior and using small molecules in the control of HCC both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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7
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Alanazi SA, Alanazi F, Haq N, Shakeel F, Badran MM, Harisa GI. Lipoproteins-Nanocarriers as a Promising Approach for Targeting Liver Cancer: Present Status and Application Prospects. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:826-844. [PMID: 32026776 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200206104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver cancer is increasing over the years and it is the fifth leading cause of mortality worldwide. The intrusive features and burden of low survival rate make it a global health issue in both developing and developed countries. The recommended chemotherapy drugs for patients in the intermediate and advanced stages of various liver cancers yield a low response rate due to the nonspecific nature of drug delivery, thus warranting the search for new therapeutic strategies and potential drug delivery carriers. There are several new drug delivery methods available to ferry the targeted molecules to the specific biological environment. In recent years, the nano assembly of lipoprotein moieties (lipidic nanoparticles) has emerged as a promising and efficiently tailored drug delivery system in liver cancer treatment. This increased precision of nano lipoproteins conjugates in chemotherapeutic targeting offers new avenues for the treatment of liver cancer with high specificity and efficiency. This present review is focused on concisely outlining the knowledge of liver cancer diagnosis, existing treatment strategies, lipoproteins, their preparation, mechanism and their potential application in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fars Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Badran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Dzulko M, Pons M, Henke A, Schneider G, Krämer OH. The PP2A subunit PR130 is a key regulator of cell development and oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188453. [PMID: 33068647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase. This enzyme is involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and DNA repair. Remarkably, PP2A can act as a context-dependent tumor suppressor or promoter. Active PP2A complexes consist of structural (PP2A-A), regulatory (PP2A-B), and catalytic (PP2A-C) subunits. The regulatory subunits define the substrate specificity and the subcellular localization of the holoenzyme. Here we condense the increasing evidence that the PP2A B-type subunit PR130 is a critical regulator of cell identity and oncogenic transformation. We summarize knowledge on the biological functions of PR130 in normal and transformed cells, targets of the PP2A-PR130 complex, and how diverse extra- and intracellular stimuli control the expression and activity of PR130. We additionally review the impact of PP2A-PR130 on cardiac functions, neuronal processes, and anti-viral defense and how this might affect cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Dzulko
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Pons
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Henke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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9
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Campos A, Pereira R, Vaz A, Caetano T, Malta M, Oliveira J, Carvalho FP, Mendo S, Lourenço J. Metals and low dose IR: Molecular effects of combined exposures using HepG2 cells as a biological model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122634. [PMID: 32304850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uranium mining sites produce residues rich in metals and radionuclides, that may contaminate all environmental matrices, exposing human and non-human biota to low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR) and to the chemical toxicity of several metals. To date, experimental and radio-epidemiological studies do not provide conclusive evidence of LDIR induced cancer. However, co-exposures (LDIR plus other contaminants), may increase the risks. To determine the potential for genotoxic effects in human cells induced by the exposure to LDIR plus metals, HEPG2 cells were exposed to different concentrations of a uranium mine effluent for 96 h. DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay and changes in the expression of tumor suppressor and oncogenes were determined using qPCR. Results show that effluent concentrations higher than 5%, induce significant DNA damage. Also, a significant under-expression of ATM and TP53 genes and a significant overexpression of GADD45a gene was observed. Results show that the exposure to complex mixtures cannot be disregarded, as effects were detected at very low doses. This study highlights the need for further studies to clarify the risks of exposure to LDIR along with other stressors, to fully review the IR exposure risk limits established for human and non-human biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos
- ICBAS & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- ICBAS & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto- Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Vaz
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - T Caetano
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Malta
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteccão e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - J Oliveira
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteccão e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - F P Carvalho
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteccão e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - S Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Xu Q, Li Y, Gao X, Kang K, Williams JG, Tong L, Liu J, Ji M, Deterding LJ, Tong X, Locasale JW, Li L, Shats I, Li X. HNF4α regulates sulfur amino acid metabolism and confers sensitivity to methionine restriction in liver cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3978. [PMID: 32770044 PMCID: PMC7414133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction, a dietary regimen that protects against metabolic diseases and aging, represses cancer growth and improves cancer therapy. However, the response of different cancer cells to this nutritional manipulation is highly variable, and the molecular determinants of this heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here we report that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) dictates the sensitivity of liver cancer to methionine restriction. We show that hepatic sulfur amino acid (SAA) metabolism is under transcriptional control of HNF4α. Knocking down HNF4α or SAA enzymes in HNF4α-positive epithelial liver cancer lines impairs SAA metabolism, increases resistance to methionine restriction or sorafenib, promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and induces cell migration. Conversely, genetic or metabolic restoration of the transsulfuration pathway in SAA metabolism significantly alleviates the outcomes induced by HNF4α deficiency in liver cancer cells. Our study identifies HNF4α as a regulator of hepatic SAA metabolism that regulates the sensitivity of liver cancer to methionine restriction. The molecular determinants of differential responses of different cancer cells to methionine restriction are poorly understood. Here the authors show that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α regulates sulfur amino acid metabolism and dictates the sensitivity of liver cancer to this dietary manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kai Kang
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jason G Williams
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ming Ji
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Leesa J Deterding
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Igor Shats
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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11
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Chen W, Chen M, Zhao Z, Weng Q, Song J, Fang S, Wu X, Wang H, Zhang D, Yang W, Wang Z, Xu M, Ji J. ZFP36 Binds With PRC1 to Inhibit Tumor Growth and Increase 5-Fu Chemosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:126. [PMID: 32766276 PMCID: PMC7381195 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth common cause of tumor-related death worldwide. ZFP36, a RNA-binding protein, decreases in many cancers and its role in HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which ZFP36 inhibited HCC progression and increased fluorouracil (5-Fu) sensitivity. We found that ZFP36 was downregulated and PRC1 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. In vitro investigation presented that ZFP36 acted as a tumor suppressor, while overexpression of PRC1 increased cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. Further investigations demonstrated that overexpression of ZFP36 inhibited tumor growth and promoted 5-Fu sensitivity in xenograft tumor mice model, which could be reversed when PRC1 overexpressed simultaneously. Luciferase reporter assays and Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that ZFP36 could bind to adenylate uridylate-rich elements located in PRC1 mRNA 3′UTR to downregulate PRC1 expression. Taken together, our findings identified that ZFP36 regulated PRC1 to exert anti-tumor effect, which suggested a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HCC by exploiting ZFP36/PRC1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Qiaoyou Weng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Shiji Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Xulu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Dengke Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Weibin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Zufei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Min Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
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12
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Asadian S, Mirzaei H, Kalantari BA, Davarpanah MR, Mohamadi M, Shpichka A, Nasehi L, Es HA, Timashev P, Najimi M, Gheibi N, Hassan M, Vosough M. β-radiating radionuclides in cancer treatment, novel insight into promising approach. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105070. [PMID: 32659429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy, known as molecular radiotherapy is a novel therapeutic module in cancer medicine. β-radiating radionuclides have definite impact on target cells via interference in cell cycle and particular signalings that can lead to tumor regression with minimal off-target effects on the surrounding tissues. Radionuclides play a remarkable role not only in apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest, but also in the amelioration of other characteristics of cancer cells. Recently, application of novel β-radiating radionuclides in cancer therapy has been emerged as a promising therapeutic modality. Several investigations are ongoing to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of β-radiating elements in cancer medicine. Based on the radiation dose, exposure time and type of the β-radiating element, different results could be achieved in cancer cells. It has been shown that β-radiating radioisotopes block cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, physical characteristics of the β-radiating element (half-life, tissue penetration range, and maximum energy) and treatment protocol determine whether tumor cells undergo cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or both and to which extent. In this review, we highlighted novel therapeutic effects of β-radiating radionuclides on cancer cells, particularly apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samieh Asadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | | | - Morteza Mohamadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leila Nasehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Polymers and Composites, NN Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Chun SY, Nam KS, Lee KS. Proton Beam Induces P53-mediated Cell Cycle Arrest in HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Moustafa EM, Rashed LA, El-Sebaie MM, Thabet NM, Abdel-Rafei MK. Crosstalk between ER-stress and apoptosis in irradiated HepG2 cells with gemcitabine: implication of PI3K/AKT and IκB/NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1715569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enas Mahmoud Moustafa
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. El-Sebaie
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura Magdy Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Brito AF, Abrantes AM, Teixo R, Pires AS, Ribeiro AC, Ferreira RF, Mascarenhas A, Puga T, Laranjo M, Caramelo F, Boin I, Jefferson DM, Gonçalves C, Martins R, Tavares I, Ribeiro IP, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Carreira IM, Souza D, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Iodine‑131 metabolic radiotherapy leads to cell death and genomic alterations through NIS overexpression on cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:709-727. [PMID: 31922240 PMCID: PMC7010220 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an aggressive liver tumor with limited therapeutic options. Natrium-iodide symporter (NIS) mediates the uptake of iodine by the thyroid, representing a key component in metabolic radiotherapy using iodine-131 (131I) for the treatment of thyroid cancer. NIS expression is increased in CC, providing the opportunity for a novel therapeutic approach for this type of tumor. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of 131I in two human CC cell lines. Uptake experiments analyzed the 131I uptake profiles of the tumor cell lines under study. The cells were irradiated with various doses of 131I to evaluate and characterize the effects of metabolic radiotherapy. NIS protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence methods. Cell survival was evaluated by clonogenic assay and flow cytometry was used to assess cell viability, and the type of death and alterations in the cell cycle. The genomic and epigenetic characterization of both CC cells was performed before and after irradiation. NIS gene expression was evaluated in the CC cells by RT-qPCR. The results revealed that CC cells had a higher expression of NIS. 131I induced a decrease in cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. With the increasing irradiation dose, a decrease in cell viability was observed, with a consequent increase in cell death by initial apoptosis. Karyotype and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analyses revealed that both CC cell lines were near-triploid with several numerical and structural chromosomal rearrangements. NIS gene expression was increased in the TFK-1 and HuCCT1 cells in a time-dependent manner. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that the presence of NIS in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines is crucial for the decreased cell viability and survival observed following the exposure of cholangiocarcinoma cells to 131I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Brito
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Teixo
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Ribeiro
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alexandra Mascarenhas
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Puga
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilka Boin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences of University of Campinas (FCM/UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083‑887, Brazil
| | - Douglas M Jefferson
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Cristina Gonçalves
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Tavares
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Doroteia Souza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090‑000, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Zhu RX, Cheng ASL, Chan HLY, Yang DY, Seto WK. Growth arrest-specific gene 2 suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by intervention of cell cycle and p53-dependent apoptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4715-4726. [PMID: 31528096 PMCID: PMC6718038 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i32.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth arrest-specific gene 2 (GAS2) plays a role in modulating in reversible growth arrest cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell survival. GAS2 protein is universally expressed in most normal tissues, particularly in the liver, but is depleted in some tumor tissues. However, the functional mechanisms of GAS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not fully defined.
AIM To investigate the function and mechanism of GAS2 in HCC.
METHODS GAS2 expression in clinic liver and HCC specimens was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation was analyzed by counting, MTS, and colony formation assays. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis was investigated by Annexin V apoptosis assay and western blotting.
RESULTS GAS2 protein expression was lower in HCC than in normal tissues. Overexpression of GAS2 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells with wide-type p53, while knockdown of GAS2 promoted the proliferation of hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, GAS2 overexpression impeded the G1-to-S cell cycle transition and arrested more G1 cells, particularly the elevation of sub G1 (P < 0.01). Apoptosis induced by GAS2 was dependent on p53, which was increased by etoposide addition. The expression of p53 and apoptosis markers was further enhanced when GAS2 was upregulated, but became diminished upon downregulation of GAS2. In the clinic specimen, GAS2 was downregulated in more than 60% of HCCs. The average fold changes of GAS2 expression in tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in paired non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION GAS2 plays a vital role in HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis, possibly by regulating the cell cycle and p53-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Xu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Alfred Sze Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Henry Lik Yuen Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong-Ye Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Liu G, Ma X, Wang Z, Wakae K, Yuan Y, He Z, Yoshiyama H, Iizasa H, Zhang H, Matsuda M, Sugiyama R, Yuan Z, Muramatsu M, Li L. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by enhancing microRNA-122 processing. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14043-14054. [PMID: 31366735 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) involves adenosine to inosine RNA editing and microRNA processing. ADAR1 is known to be involved in the replication of various viruses, including hepatitis C and D. However, the role of ADAR1 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not yet been elucidated. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated ADAR1 antiviral activity against HBV. ADAR1 has two splicing isoforms in human hepatocytes: constitutive p110 protein and interferon-α (IFN-α)-responsive p150 protein. We found that overexpression of ADAR1 decreased HBV RNA in an HBV culture model. A catalytic-site mutant ADAR1 also decreased HBV RNA levels, whereas another adenosine deaminases that act on the RNA (ADAR) family protein, ADAR2, did not. Moreover, the induction of ADAR1 by stimulation with IFN-α also reduced HBV RNA levels. Decreases in endogenous ADAR1 expression by knock-down or knock-out increased HBV RNA levels. A major hepatocyte-specific microRNA, miRNA-122, was found to be positively correlated with ADAR1 expression, and exogenous miRNA-122 decreased both HBV RNA and DNA, whereas, conversely, transfection with a miRNA-122 inhibitor increased them. The reduction of HBV RNA by ADAR1 expression was abrogated by p53 knock-down, suggesting the involvement of p53 in the ADAR1-mediated reduction of HBV RNA. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that ADAR1 plays an antiviral role against HBV infection by increasing the level of miRNA-122 in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Kousho Wakae
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangping He
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo 164-8640, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sugiyama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo 164-8640, Japan
| | - Zhiyu Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan .,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo 164-8640, Japan
| | - Linghua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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18
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Yang X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Zhao M, Yang T, Yao A, Tian X. PACT cessation overcomes ovarian cancer cell chemoresistance to cisplatin by enhancing p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:719-724. [PMID: 30827507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks as a lethal gynecological malignancy, and development of resistance to chemotherapy agents constitutes a major clinical challenge in ovarian carcinoma management. P53-associated cellular protein-testes derived (PACT) is recently proven to be expressed aberrantly in several cancers, and exerts a critical roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Up to now, its function in chemoresistance of ovarian cancer remains poorly defined. In the present study, elevated expression of PACT was detected in cisplatin-resistant A2780/CP cells relative to cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells. Moreover, exposure to cisplatin also increased PACT expression in A2780 cells. Functional assay confirmed that knockdown of PACT further aggravated the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on A2780 cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in cisplatin-treated A2780 cells, indicating that PACT cessation elevates cell sensitivity to cisplatin in A2780 cells. Whilst, deletion of PACT affords little effects on cisplatin resistance in p53-defective SKOV3 cells. Mechanistic analysis corroborated that depression of PACT notably enhanced cisplatin-induced p53 expression, concomitant with the increases in p53-downstream Bax, p21 expression and decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Intriguingly, blocking the p53 pathway notably reversed PACT inhibition-increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin in A2780 cells by elevating cell viability and depressing cell apoptosis. Additionally, abrogation of p53 signaling also blunts PACT suppression-overcomed chemotherapy resistance to cisplatin in A2780/CP cells. Together, these findings confirm that targeting PACT may antagonize ovarian cancer cell resistance to cisplatin, supporting a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the chemotherapy resistance in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yang
- Department of the Second of Gynecologic Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of the First of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Minyi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Anmei Yao
- Department of the Second of Gynecologic Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- Department of the Second of Gynecologic Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, PR China
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19
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Xu J, Patel NH, Saleh T, Cudjoe EK, Alotaibi M, Wu Y, Lima S, Hawkridge AM, Gewirtz DA. Differential Radiation Sensitivity in p53 Wild-Type and p53-Deficient Tumor Cells Associated with Senescence but not Apoptosis or (Nonprotective) Autophagy. Radiat Res 2018; 190:538-557. [PMID: 30132722 DOI: 10.1667/rr15099.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies of radiation interaction with tumor cells often focus on apoptosis as an end point; however, clinically relevant doses of radiation also promote autophagy and senescence. Moreover, functional p53 has frequently been implicated in contributing to radiation sensitivity through the facilitation of apoptosis. To address the involvement of apoptosis, autophagy, senescence and p53 status in the response to radiation, the current studies utilized isogenic H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells that were either p53-wild type (H460wt) or null (H460crp53). As anticipated, radiosensitivity was higher in the H460wt cells than in the H460crp53 cell line; however, this differential radiation sensitivity did not appear to be a consequence of apoptosis. Furthermore, radiosensitivity did not appear to be reduced in association with the promotion of autophagy, as autophagy was markedly higher in the H460wt cells. Despite radiosensitization by chloroquine in the H460wt cells, the radiation-induced autophagy proved to be essentially nonprotective, as inhibition of autophagy via 3-methyl adenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1 or ATG5 silencing failed to alter radiation sensitivity or promote apoptosis in either the H460wt or H460crp53 cells. Radiosensitivity appeared to be most closely associated with senescence, which occurred earlier and to a greater extent in the H460wt cells. This finding is consistent with the in-depth proteomics analysis on the secretomes from the H460wt and H460crp53 cells (with or without radiation exposure) that showed no significant association with radioresistance-related proteins, whereas several senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were upregulated in H460wt cells relative to H460crp53 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that senescence, rather than apoptosis, plays a central role in determination of radiosensitivity; furthermore, autophagy is likely to have minimal influence on radiosensitivity under conditions where autophagy takes the nonprotective form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Nipa H Patel
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tareq Saleh
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emmanuel K Cudjoe
- c Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- f Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yingliang Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Santiago Lima
- d Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adam M Hawkridge
- c Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David A Gewirtz
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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20
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Daher S, Massarwa M, Benson AA, Khoury T. Current and Future Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Comprehensive Review. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:69-78. [PMID: 29607307 PMCID: PMC5863001 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The principal treatment is surgical resection or liver transplantation, depending on whether the patient is a suitable transplant candidate. However, in most patients with HCC the diagnosis is often late, thereby excluding the patients from definitive surgical resection. Medical treatment includes sorafenib, which is the most commonly used systemic therapy; although, it has been shown to only minimally impact patient survival by several months. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally ineffective. Due to the poor prognosis of patients with HCC, newer treatments are needed with several being in development, either in pre-clinical or clinical studies. In this review article, we provide an update on the current and future medical and surgical management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Daher
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muhammad Massarwa
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel A. Benson
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tawfik Khoury
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence to: Tawfik Khoury, Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem IL-91120, Israel. Tel: +972-509870611, E-mail:
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21
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MDM2-p53 Interactions in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What Is the Role of Nutlins and New Therapeutic Options? J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7040064. [PMID: 29584707 PMCID: PMC5920438 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and is associated with poor prognosis worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HCC have been an area of continuing interest, and recent studies using next generation sequencing (NGS) have revealed much regarding previously unsettled issues. Molecular studies using HCC samples have been mainly targeted with the aim to identify the fundamental mechanisms contributing to HCC and identify more effective treatments. In response to cellular stresses (e.g., DNA damage or oncogenes), activated p53 elicits appropriate responses that aim at DNA repair, genetic stability, cell cycle arrest, and the deletion of DNA-damaged cells. On the other hand, the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene protein is an important cellular antagonist of p53. MDM2 negatively regulates p53 activity through the induction of p53 protein degradation. However, current research has shown that the mechanisms underlying MDM2-p53 interactions are more complex than previously thought. Microarray data have added new insight into the transcription changes in HCC. Recently, Nutlin-3 has shown potency against p53-MDM2 binding and the enhancement of p53 stabilization as well as an increment of p53 cellular accumulation with potential therapeutic effects. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms involved in the p53-MDM2 pathways, the biological factors influencing these pathways, and their roles in the pathogenesis of HCC. It also discusses the action of Nutlin-3 treatment in inducing growth arrest in HCC and elaborates on future directions in research in this area. More research on the biology of p53-MDM2 interactions may offer a better understanding of these mechanisms and discover new biomarkers, sensitive prognostic indicators as well as new therapeutic interventions in HCC.
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22
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Kim T, Cha HJ, Kim JW, Seong J, Lee IJ. High dose and compartmental target volume may improve patient outcome after radiotherapy for pelvic bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53921-53929. [PMID: 27259272 PMCID: PMC5288232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pelvic bone metastases are difficult to treat because of complex pelvic bone anatomy and the proximity of normal organs. The adequacy of radiation dose and field coverage was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 146 cases of pelvic bone metastases from HCC treated with radiotherapy (RT). Bone metastases were confirmed using CT/MRI. Subjective pain response was assessed using the visual analogue scale, and treatment-related toxicity with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Local failure free survival (LFFS) and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The local control rate was 80.1% and the pain control rate was 68.5%. Compartmental target volume (CTV), encompassing the whole compartment of the involved bone, was found to be a significant factor (1-year LFFS, 78% vs. 50%; p=0.001). Sites of metastasis were categorized as either upper or lower pelvic bone; both categories showed improved local control with CTV. Metastatic lesions that received more than 50 Gy of EQD2 showed more partial response in pain after RT (58% vs. 79%; p=0.007). No patient showed toxicity higher than Grade IV. CONCLUSION Compartmental RT targeted to the involved bone was associated with improved local control and LFFS. High-dose radiation was associated with an improved treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Cha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Wu JH, Guo JP, Shi J, Wang H, Li LL, Guo B, Liu DX, Cao Q, Yuan ZY. CMA down-regulates p53 expression through degradation of HMGB1 protein to inhibit irradiation-triggered apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2308-2317. [PMID: 28428710 PMCID: PMC5385397 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i13.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanism of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)-induced resistance to irradiation-triggered apoptosis through regulation of the p53 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS Firstly, we detected expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2a (Lamp-2a), which is the key protein of CMA, by western blot in HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells after irradiation. We further used shRNA Lamp-2a HCC cells to verify the radioresistance induced by CMA. Next, we detected the HMGB1 and p53 expression after irradiation by western blot, and we further used RNA interference and ethyl pyruvate (EP), as a HMGB1 inhibitor, to observe changes of p53 expression. Finally, an immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to explore the interaction between Lamp-2a and HMGB1, and the data were analyzed.
RESULTS We found the expression of Lamp-2a was increased on irradiation while apoptosis decreased in HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. The apoptosis was increased markedly in the shRNA Lamp-2a HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells as detected by western blot and colony formation assay. Next, we found p53 expression was gradually reduced on irradiation but obviously increased in shRNA Lamp-2a cells. Furthermore, p53 increased the cell apoptosis on irradiation in Hep3B (p53-/-) cells. Finally, p53 levels were regulated by HMGB1 as measured through RNA interference and the EP treatment. HMGB1 was able to combine with Lamp-2a as seen by immunoprecipitation assay and was degraded via the CMA pathway. The decreased HMGB1 inhibited p53 expression induced by irradiation and further reduced the apoptosis in HCC cells.
CONCLUSION CMA pathway activation appears to down-regulate the susceptibility of HCC to irradiation by degrading HMGB1 with further impact on p53 expression. These findings have clinical relevance for radiotherapy of HCC.
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24
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Brito AF, Abrantes AM, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What did we Discover so Far? Oncol Rev 2016; 10:302. [PMID: 27994769 PMCID: PMC5136756 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasingly considered an issue of global importance. Its rates of incidence and mortality have been markedly increasing over the last decades. Among risk factors, some should be highlighted, namely the infections by hepatitis B and C virus, as well as clinical cases of cirrhosis. HCC is characterized as asymptomatic disease in the initial stages which most often leads to a late diagnosis. At molecular and genetic level HCC represents a highly complex tumor entity, including a wide variety of mutations, thus accounting for different mechanisms of resistance towards therapeutic approaches. In particular, mutations of the TP53 gene, as well as a deregulation between the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family are observed. Regarding treatment modalities, surgical procedures offer the best chance of cure, however, due to a late diagnosis, most of concerned patients cannot be subjected to them. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also ineffective, and currently, the treatment with sorafenib is the most commonly used systemic therapy although it can only increase the patient survival for some months. In this sense, a quick and accurate investigation is of utmost importance in order to develop ways of early diagnosis as well as new therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Brito
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas. 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal. +351.239480200 - +351.239480217.
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25
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Mamede AC, Guerra S, Laranjo M, Santos K, Carvalho MJ, Carvalheiro T, Moura P, Paiva A, Abrantes AM, Maia CJ, Botelho MF. Oxidative Stress, DNA, Cell Cycle/Cell Cycle Associated Proteins and Multidrug Resistance Proteins: Targets of Human Amniotic Membrane in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:689-97. [PMID: 26965246 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of human amniotic membrane (hAM) have been studied over the last decade. However, the action mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood until now. Previously results reported by our team proved that hAM is able to induce cytotoxicity and cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a worldwide high incident and mortal cancer. Therefore, this experimental study aimed to investigate the cellular targets of hAM protein extracts (hAMPE) in HCC through in vitro studies. Our results showed that hAMPE is able to modify oxidative stress environment in all HCC cell lines, as well as its cell cycle. hAMPE differently targets deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), P21, P53, β-catenin and multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins in HCC cell lines. In conclusion, hAMPE has several targets in HCC, being clear that the success of this treatment depends of a personalized therapy based on the biological and genetic characteristics of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mamede
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. .,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - S Guerra
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K Santos
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M J Carvalho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Obstetrics Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Carvalheiro
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of the Blood and Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Moura
- Obstetrics Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Paiva
- Cytometry Operational Management Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C J Maia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M F Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Mamede AC, Guerra S, Laranjo M, Carvalho MJ, Oliveira RC, Gonçalves AC, Alves R, Prado Castro L, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Moura P, Abrantes AM, Maia CJ, Botelho MF. Selective cytotoxicity and cell death induced by human amniotic membrane in hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:257. [PMID: 26507652 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a worldwide high incidence and mortality. For this reason, it is essential to invest in new therapies for this type of cancer. Our team already proved that human amniotic membrane (hAM) is able to inhibit the metabolic activity of several human cancer cell lines, including HCC cell lines. Taking into account the previously performed work, this experimental study aimed to investigate the pathways by which hAM protein extracts (hAMPEs) act on HCC. Our results showed that hAMPE reduce the metabolic activity, protein content and DNA content in a dose- and time-dependent manner in all HCC cell lines. This therapy presents selective cytotoxicity, since it was not able to inhibit a non-tumorigenic human cell line. In addition, hAMPE induced cell morphology alterations in all HCC cell lines, but death type is cell line dependent, as proved by in vitro and in vivo studies. In conclusion, hAMPE have a promising role in HCC therapy, since it is capable of inducing HCC cytotoxicity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mamede
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. .,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - S Guerra
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - M Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M J Carvalho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Obstetrics Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R C Oliveira
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Anatomic Pathology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Gonçalves
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Applied Molecular Biology and Hematology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Alves
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Applied Molecular Biology and Hematology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Prado Castro
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A B Sarmento-Ribeiro
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Applied Molecular Biology and Hematology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Moura
- Obstetrics Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C J Maia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M F Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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