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Hwang JA, Kim JE, Kim HS, Park J, Lee JH. Susceptibility of Koi, Koi×Red Common Carp, and Red Common Carp×Koi to Koi Herpesvirus (KHV). Dev Reprod 2021; 24:277-286. [PMID: 33537514 PMCID: PMC7837415 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.4.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The disease-causing koi herpes virus (KHV), also known as cyprinid herpesvirus-3
(CyHV-3), causes mass mortality of koi and carp. Koi (Cyprinus
carpio) is a host for KHV, one of 12 virus species in the
Alloherpesviridae family. We examined the effects of KHV
disease koi (KK), and on koi×red common carp (KR) and red common
carp×koi (RK) cross, using a virus challenge test. The infected fish had
clinical signs that included gill necrosis and skin lesions. The RK and KR were
highly more resistant (cumulative mortality: RK; 6% and KR; 8%) to
KHV infection than KK fish (cumulative mortality: 28%). KHV DNA was
confirmed in the tissues of all dead fish in groups by use of polymerase chain
reaction (PCR), and the presence of the KHV protein in kidney was confirmed by
immunohistochemistry. Histological analysis showed severe gill lesions and
fusion of the lamellae in KK fish, but less severe damage in RK fish. In
immunohistochemistry analysis, the KHV protein localized in the cytoplasm of
infected kidney cells of KK, but the cross groups had lower levels of KHV
antigen. Our data indicate that the cross groups had increased resistance to KHV
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ae Hwang
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Changwon 51688, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Changwon 51688, Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Changwon 51688, Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Changwon 51688, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Changwon 51688, Korea
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2
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Biocontrol of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Australia: A Review and Future Directions. FISHES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasive pest species are recognized as one of the important drivers of reduced global biodiversity. In Australia, the 267 invasive plant, animal and microbial species, established since European colonization in the 1770s, have been unequivocally declared the most important threat to species diversity in this country. One invasive pest, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), has been targeted in an integrated pest management plan that might include cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) as a potential biocontrol agent. The species-specificity of the released virus (and of field variants that will inevitably arise) has been assessed, and the virus judged to be safe. It has also been hypothesised that, because the virulence of the CyHV-3 will likely decline following release, the virus should be used strategically: initially, the aim would be to markedly reduce numbers of carp in naive populations, and then some other, as yet uncertain, complementary broad-scale control measure would knock-down carp numbers even further. Brief results are included from recent studies on the modelling of release and spread of the virus, the ecological and social concerns associated with virus release, and the restoration benefits that might be expected following carp control. We conclude that, while further work is required (on the virus, the target species, environmental issues, and especially the identification of a suitable broad-scale complementary control measure), optimism must prevail in order to ensure an eventual solution to this important environmental problem.
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3
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Torrent F, Villena A, Lee PA, Fuchs W, Bergmann SM, Coll JM. The amino-terminal domain of ORF149 of koi herpesvirus is preferentially targeted by IgM from carp populations surviving infection. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2653-65. [PMID: 27383208 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinantly expressed fragments of the protein encoded by ORF149 (pORF149), a structural protein from the common- and koi-carp-infecting cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) that was previously shown to be antigenic, were used to obtain evidence that its amino-terminal part contains immunodominant epitopes in fish populations that survived the infection. To obtain such evidence, nonspecific binding of carp serum tetrameric IgM had to be overcome by a novel ELISA protocol (rec2-ELISA). Rec2-ELISA involved pre-adsorption of carp sera with a heterologous recombinant fragment before incubation with pORF149 fragments and detection with anti-carp IgM monoclonal antibodies. Only in this way was it possible to distinguish between sera from uninfected and survivor carp populations. Although IgM from survivors recognised pORF149 fragments to a lesser degree than whole virus, specificity was confirmed by correlation of rec2- and CyHV-3-ELISAs, inhibition of rec2-ELISA by an excess of frgIIORF149, ELISA using IgM-capture, Western blotting, and reduction of reactivity in CyHV-3-ELISA by pre-adsorption of sera with frgIIORF149. The similarity of IgM-binding profiles between frgIORF149 (amino acid residues 42-629) and frgIIORF149 (42-159) and their reactivities with previously described anti-CyHV-3 monoclonal antibodies confirmed that most pORF149 epitopes were localised in its amino-terminal part.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Torrent
- Escuela Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Piscifactoría, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Villena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain
| | - P A Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- GeneReach Biotechnology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - S M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, German Reference Laboratory for KHVD, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - J M Coll
- Departamento Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional Investigaciones y Tecnologías Agrarias y Alimentarias, INIA, Madrid, Spain.
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Boutier M, Ronsmans M, Rakus K, Jazowiecka-Rakus J, Vancsok C, Morvan L, Peñaranda MMD, Stone DM, Way K, van Beurden SJ, Davison AJ, Vanderplasschen A. Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3: An Archetype of Fish Alloherpesviruses. Adv Virus Res 2015; 93:161-256. [PMID: 26111587 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The order Herpesvirales encompasses viruses that share structural, genetic, and biological properties. However, members of this order infect hosts ranging from molluscs to humans. It is currently divided into three phylogenetically related families. The Alloherpesviridae family contains viruses infecting fish and amphibians. There are 12 alloherpesviruses described to date, 10 of which infect fish. Over the last decade, cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) infecting common and koi carp has emerged as the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses. Since its first description in the late 1990s, this virus has induced important economic losses in common and koi carp worldwide. It has also had negative environmental implications by affecting wild carp populations. These negative impacts and the importance of the host species have stimulated studies aimed at developing diagnostic and prophylactic tools. Unexpectedly, the data generated by these applied studies have stimulated interest in CyHV-3 as a model for fundamental research. This review intends to provide a complete overview of the knowledge currently available on CyHV-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boutier
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maygane Ronsmans
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joanna Jazowiecka-Rakus
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Vancsok
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Léa Morvan
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ma Michelle D Peñaranda
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - David M Stone
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Way
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J van Beurden
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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