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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout D, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Smith CG, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Roberts H, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Arzul I, Dharmaveer S, Olesen NJ, Schiøtt M, Sindre H, Stone D, Vendramin N, Antoniou S, Dhollander S, Karagianni AE, Kero LL, Gnocchi M, Aznar I, Barizzone F, Munoz Guajardo IP, Roberts H. Species which may act as vectors or reservoirs of diseases covered by the Animal Health Law: Listed pathogens of molluscs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08173. [PMID: 37533748 PMCID: PMC10392592 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector or reservoir species of five mollusc diseases listed in the Animal Health Law were identified, based on evidence generated through an extensive literature review, to support a possible updating of Regulation (EU) 2018/1882. Mollusc species on or in which Mikrocytos mackini, Perkinsus marinus, Bonamia exitiosa, Bonamia ostreae and Marteilia refringens were detected, in the field or during experiments, were classified as reservoir species with different levels of certainty depending on the diagnostic tests used. Where experimental evidence indicated transmission of the pathogen from a studied species to another known susceptible species, this studied species was classified as a vector species. Although the quantification of the risk of spread of the pathogens by the vectors or reservoir species was not part of the terms of reference, such risks do exist for the vector species, since transmission from infected vector species to susceptible species was proven. Where evidence for transmission from infected molluscs was not found, these were defined as reservoir. Nonetheless, the risk of the spread of the pathogens from infected reservoir species cannot be excluded. Evidence identifying conditions that may prevent transmission by vectors or reservoir mollusc species during transport was collected from scientific literature. It was concluded that it is very likely to almost certain (90-100%) that M. mackini, P. marinus, B. exitiosa B. ostreae and M. refringens will remain infective at any possible transport condition. Therefore, vector or reservoir species that may have been exposed to these pathogens in an affected area in the wild or at aquaculture establishments or through contaminated water supply can possibly transmit these pathogens. For transmission of M. refringens, the presence of an intermediate host, a copepod, is necessary.
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Liu S, Liu Y, Lu J, Mao J, Lin Z, Xue Q. Genome Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Indicate Expansion of Family I84 Protease Inhibitor via Gene Tandem Duplication and Divergence in Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907274. [PMID: 35720365 PMCID: PMC9198434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Family I84 protease inhibitors represent a novel family in the MEROPS peptidase database and are likely unique for molluscan host defense. Two Family I84 members, scSI-1 and scSI-2, were reported from the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta in a previous research. In the present study, 12 additional genes, named scSI-3 to scSI-14, were identified via genome wide sequence analyses. Among them, 10 genes were predicted to have a signal sequence, but one (scSI-7) was not. Besides, one sequence (scSI-14) was likely to encode a prematurely terminated peptide. The predicted mature peptides shared characteristics including 12 conserved cysteine residues, isoelectric points of 4.98 to 6.11, and molecular weights of 7.1 to 9.3 kDa with previously reported family members. Four motifs were characterized in 13 predicted mature peptides (with exception of scSI-14), which shared two to four conserved cysteine residues, are possibly to form two functional domain comprised 6 cysteine residues, respectively. At genomic level, all the 14 razor clam Family I84 genes were organized into 3 exons and 2 introns; 13 of them clustered in 3 regions of 100 kb on 3 separate chromosomes, suggesting tandem duplications of related genes. The promoter region of all the 14 genes was predicted to share some transcription factor binding sites, in particular those responsive to pathological and physiological stimuli, but no shared motifs were identified. Analyses also revealed differences in expression patterns among the genes. One gene in a tandem duplicated gene pairs usually showed a higher expression level than the other whereas non-tandem duplicated genes exhibited a higher degree of correlation in expression level. In addition, 8 of the 14 genes demonstrated higher level of expression in Vibrio tolerant clams than in non-tolerant clams following challenges with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These results generated important information about the evolution of Family I84 protease inhibitors in S. constricta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youli Liu
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinxia Mao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinggang Xue
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Chan J, Wang L, Li L, Mu K, Bushek D, Xu Y, Guo X, Zhang G, Zhang L. Transcriptomic Response to Perkinsus marinus in Two Crassostrea Oysters Reveals Evolutionary Dynamics of Host-Parasite Interactions. Front Genet 2021; 12:795706. [PMID: 34925467 PMCID: PMC8678459 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.795706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease outbreaks are causing widespread declines of marine invertebrates including corals, sea stars, shrimps, and molluscs. Dermo is a lethal infectious disease of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica caused by the protist Perkinsus marinus. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is resistant to Dermo due to differences in the host-parasite interaction that is not well understood. We compared transcriptomic responses to P. marinus challenge in the two oysters at early and late infection stages. Dynamic and orchestrated regulation of large sets of innate immune response genes were observed in both species with remarkably similar patterns for most orthologs, although responses in C. virginica were stronger, suggesting strong or over-reacting immune response could be a cause of host mortality. Between the two species, several key immune response gene families differed in their expansion, sequence variation and/or transcriptional response to P. marinus, reflecting evolutionary divergence in host-parasite interaction. Of note, significant upregulation of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) was observed in resistant C. gigas but not in susceptible C. virginica, suggesting upregulation of IAPs is an active defense mechanism, not a passive response orchestrated by P. marinus. Compared with C. gigas, C. virginica exhibited greater expansion of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and positive selection in P. marinus responsive TLRs. The C1q domain containing proteins (C1qDCs) with the galactose-binding lectin domain that is involved in P. marinus recognition, were only present and significantly upregulated in C. virginica. These results point to previously undescribed differences in host defense genes between the two oyster species that may account for the difference in susceptibility, providing an expanded portrait of the evolutionary dynamics of host-parasite interaction in lophotrochozoans that lack adaptive immunity. Our findings suggest that C. virginica and P. marinus have a history of coevolution and the recent outbreaks may be due to increased virulence of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulin Chan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Mu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
| | - David Bushek
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ, United States
| | - Yue Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ximing Guo
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ, United States
| | - Guofan Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
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Lu J, Liu S, Ruan Z, Ye J, Wu Q, Wang S, Lin Z, Xue Q. Family I84 protease inhibitors likely constitute a Mollusca-specific protein family functioning in host defense. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 145:89-100. [PMID: 34137379 DOI: 10.3354/dao03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are proteins or small polypeptides functioning in numerous biological processes in all organisms. The I84 family of protease inhibitors in the MEROPS database represents a novel protease inhibitor family that has been reported in 2 bivalves, Crassostrea virginica and Sinonovacula constricta, and is believed to play a role in host defense. In the present study, 7 new members of Family I84 were identified in 2 bivalves, Meretrix meretrix and Mytilus galloprovincialis, and 1 gastropod, Haliotis discus hannai, at the mRNA level via cDNA cloning. The expression patterns of the newly identified genes varied in response to salinity stresses and pathogen-associated molecular pattern stimulations, suggesting their involvement in the host defense of related species. Additionally, analyses of sequence data in public databases did not reveal any Family I84 protease inhibitor molecules in non-molluscan animals. The results indicated that Family I84 protease inhibitors are likely mollusk specific, constituting a unique host defense mechanism in molluscan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
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Xue Q. Pathogen proteases and host protease inhibitors in molluscan infectious diseases. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107214. [PMID: 31348922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of infectious diseases represents an outcome of dynamic interactions between the disease-producing agent's pathogenicity and the host's self-defense mechanism. Proteases secreted by pathogenic microorganisms and protease inhibitors produced by host species play an important role in the process. This review aimed at summarizing major findings in research on pathogen proteases and host protease inhibitors that had been proposed to be related to the development of mollusk diseases. Metalloproteases and serine proteases respectively belonging to Family M4 and Family S8 of the MEROPS system are among the most studied proteases that may function as virulence factors in mollusk pathogens. On the other hand, a mollusk-specific family (Family I84) of novel serine protease inhibitors and homologues of the tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease have been studied for their potential in the molluscan host defense. In addition, research at the genomic and transcriptomic levels showed that more proteases of pathogens and protease inhibitor of hosts are likely involved in mollusk disease processes. Therefore, the pathological significance of interactions between pathogen proteases and host protease inhibitors in the development of molluscan infectious diseases deserves more research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xue
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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La Peyre JF, Casas SM, Richards M, Xu W, Xue Q. Testing plasma subtilisin inhibitory activity as a selective marker for dermo resistance in eastern oysters. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 133:127-139. [PMID: 31019137 DOI: 10.3354/dao03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have suggested that eastern oyster plasma possesses inhibitors of the protease subtilisin, which play a role in the host defense against Perkinsus marinus, a protist parasite causing dermo. A study was conducted to determine whether plasma subtilisin inhibitory activity (PSIA) could be used as a selective marker in breeding programs for dermo resistance. Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica from 2 wild Louisiana populations shown to differ in dermo resistance were collected and their PSIA was measured. Three groups of oysters were established to spawn from each population. One group was composed of randomly sampled oysters (i.e. unselected) and the other 2 groups were composed of oysters with the highest or lowest PSIA. After spawning, progenies were deployed in October 2014 in a dermo endemic area and sampled quarterly for 2 yr to measure their mortality, growth, P. marinus infection intensity, condition index, PSIA, and the gene expression of 3 subtilisin inhibitors (cvSI-1, cvSI-2, and cvSI-3). Oyster cumulative mortalities of the progenies of all groups increased both years from April to October, concomitant with increasing P. marinus infection intensities. Mortalities and P. marinus infection intensities differed markedly between the 2 populations, but differences between the unselected and selected groups of each population were limited. Measurements of PSIA and cvSI-1, cvSI-2, and cvSI-3 gene expressions between the progenies of all groups showed few differences. CvSI-1 gene expression in surviving oysters of the most susceptible population was increased at the end of the study, adding additional support to the potential role of cvSI-1 defense against P. marinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome F La Peyre
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Wang X, Xue Q, Mao X, Dong Y, Li C, Lin Z. Two I84 family protease inhibitors from Chinese razor clams Sinonovacula constricta expressed in response to environmental challenges. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:149-157. [PMID: 29427715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors play critical roles in numerous biological processes including host defense in all multicellular organisms. Eighty three evolutionary families of protease inhibitors are currently accommodated in the MEROPS database and the I84 family currently consists of 3 novel serine protease inhibitors from the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. In this study, we identified 2 new I84 family members from the Chinese razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, scSI-1 and scSI-2, using cDNA cloning and sequencing. The scSI-1 cDNA consisted of 494 bp with a 282 bp ORF encoding a 93-amino acid polypeptide that was predicted to have a 19-amino acid signal peptide and a 74-residue mature protein with a calculated molecular mass of 8248.5 Da. The scSI-2 cDNA was 490 bp long with a 273 bp ORF encoding a 90-amino acid polypeptide that was predicted to have an 18-amino acid signal peptide and a 72-residue nature protein with a calculated molecular mass of 7528.4 Da. ScSI-1 and scSI-2 shared high sequence similarity with the 3 known members of I84 family and both expressed primarily in the clam digestive glands. Protease inhibitory activity in the clam plasma also exhibited the signature kinetic characteristics of the I84 members from the oyster. In addition, levels of scSI-1 and scSI-2 gene expression in digestive glands and the protease inhibitory activity in plasma elevated significantly in clams challenged by bacterial injections and Vibrio harveyi was more effective than Staphylococcus epidermidis in inducing the gene expression and plasma protease inhibitory activity. Moreover, drastic changes of salinity and temperature also caused significant changes in the gene expression and plasma activity. These results indicated that scSI-1 and scSI-2 represented 2 new members of the I84 family and they likely play a role in clam host defense against infections and in reactions against physiochemical stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiarong Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Qinggang Xue
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China.
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Yinghui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Chenhua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China.
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Ek-Huchim JP, Aguirre-Macedo ML, Améndola-Pimenta M, Vidal-Martínez VM, Pérez-Vega JA, Simá-Alvarez R, Jiménez-García I, Zamora-Bustillos R, Rodríguez-Canul R. Genetic signature analysis of Perkinsus marinus in Mexico suggests possible translocation from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific coast of Mexico. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:372. [PMID: 28768523 PMCID: PMC5541656 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protozoan Perkinsus marinus (Mackin, Owen & Collier) Levine, 1978 causes perkinsosis in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791. This pathogen is present in cultured C. virginica from the Gulf of Mexico and has been reported recently in Saccostrea palmula (Carpenter, 1857), Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein, 1951) and Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) from the Mexican Pacific coast. Transportation of fresh oysters for human consumption and repopulation could be implicated in the transmission and dissemination of this parasite across the Mexican Pacific coast. The aim of this study was two-fold. First, we evaluated the P. marinus infection parameters by PCR and RFTM (Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium) in C. virginica from four major lagoons (Términos Lagoon, Campeche; Carmen-Pajonal-Machona Lagoon complex, Tabasco; Mandinga Lagoon, Veracruz; and La Pesca Lagoon, Tamaulipas) from the Gulf of Mexico. Secondly, we used DNA sequence analyses of the ribosomal non-transcribed spacer (rNTS) region of P. marinus to determine the possible translocation of this species from the Gulf of Mexico to the Mexican Pacific coast. Results Perkinsus marinus prevalence by PCR was 57.7% (338 out of 586 oysters) and 38.2% (224 out of 586 oysters) by RFTM. The highest prevalence was observed in the Carmen-Pajonal-Machona Lagoon complex in the state of Tabasco (73% by PCR and 58% by RFTM) and the estimated weighted prevalence (WP) was less than 1.0 in the four lagoons. Ten unique rDNA-NTS sequences of P. marinus [termed herein the “P. marinus (Pm) haplotype”] were identified in the Gulf of Mexico sample. They shared 96–100% similarity with 18 rDNA-NTS sequences from the GenBank database which were derived from 16 Mexican Pacific coast infections and two sequences from the USA. The phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network showed that the P. marinus rDNA-NTS sequences from Mexico were distant from the rDNA-NTS sequences of P. marinus reported from the USA. The ten rDNA-NTS sequences described herein were restricted to specific locations displaying different geographical connections within the Gulf of Mexico; the Carmen-Pajonal-Machona Pm1 haplotype from the state of Tabasco shared a cluster with P. marinus isolates reported from the Mexican Pacific coast. Conclusions The rDNA-NTS sequences of P. marinus from the state of Tabasco shared high similarity with the reference rDNA-NTS sequences from the Mexican Pacific coast. The high similarity suggests a transfer of oysters infected with P. marinus from the Mexican part of the Gulf of Mexico into the Mexican Pacific coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Ek-Huchim
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ma Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo
- Laboratorio de Patología Acuática, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Monica Améndola-Pimenta
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Victor Manuel Vidal-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Patología Acuática, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Pérez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Raúl Simá-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Patología Acuática, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Isabel Jiménez-García
- Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Rio, Carretera Veracruz-Córdoba Km. 12, 94290, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Roberto Zamora-Bustillos
- Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Antigua Carretera Mérida-Motul Km. 16.3, 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Xue Q, Beguel JP, Gauthier J, La Peyre J. Identification of cvSI-3 and evidence for the wide distribution and active evolution of the I84 family of protease inhibitors in mollusks. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:332-340. [PMID: 28159692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are an extremely diverse group of proteins that control the proteolytic activities of proteases and play a crucial role in biological processes including host defenses. The I84 family of protease inhibitors in the MEROPS database currently consists of cvSI-1 and cvSI-2, two novel serine protease inhibitors purified and characterized from the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica plasma and believed to play a role in host defense and disease resistance. In the present study, a third member of I84 family, named cvSI-3, was identified from C. virginica by cDNA cloning and sequencing. The full cvSI-3 cDNA was composed of 342 bp including a 255 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an 84-amino acid peptide. The mature cvSI-3 molecule was predicted to have 68 amino acid residues after removal of a 16-amino acid signal peptide, with a calculated molecular mass of 7724.5 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 6.28. CvSI-3 amino acid sequence shared 41% identity with cvSI-2 and 37% identity with cvSI-1, which included 12 conserved cysteines. Quantitative real-time PCR determined that cvSI-3 gene expressed primarily in oyster digestive glands. Real-time PCR also detected that cvSI-1, cvSI-2 and cvSI-3 expression levels in digestive glands varied significantly, with cvSI-2 showing the highest expression level and cvSI-3 the lowest. Additionally, a significant correlation was detected between cvSI-2 and cvSI-3 mRNAs levels. Searches into sequence databases using cvSI-1, cvSI-2 and cvSI-3 as queries retrieved ESTs suggesting the possible existence of at least 9 more I84 family members in eastern oysters and of I84 family protease inhibitors in various bivalve and gastropod species. Moreover, orthologs of all C. virginica I84 family members or potential member genes were found to be present in the C. gigas genome, and their distributions among species provided important information about the evolution of the I84 family of protease inhibitors. It appears that the I84 family of protease inhibitors is widely distributed and actively evolving in the Phylum Mollusca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xue
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources and College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jean-Phillipe Beguel
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Julie Gauthier
- Loyola University, Department of Biological Sciences, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Jerome La Peyre
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Cáceres-Martínez J, Madero-López LH, Padilla-Lardizábal G, Vásquez-Yeomans R. Epizootiology of Perkinsus marinus , parasite of the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis , in the Pacific coast of Mexico. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 139:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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