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Koepper S, Clark KF, McClure JT, Revie CW, Stryhn H, Thakur KK. Differences in diversity and community composition of the shell microbiome of apparently healthy lobsters Homarus americanus across Atlantic Canada. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1320812. [PMID: 38567078 PMCID: PMC10986177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1320812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-microbe dynamics are of increasing interest in marine research due to their role in host health and productivity. Changes in the shell microbiome of American lobsters have been associated with epizootic shell disease, a syndrome that is spreading northwards across the eastern U.S. and Canadian Atlantic coast. This study analyzed differences in alpha and beta diversity, as well as differentially abundant taxa, in the shell-associated bacterial community of apparently healthy lobsters from four lobster fishing areas (LFAs) in Atlantic Canada. Over 180 lobsters from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island (PEI) were sampled during seven sampling events over four sampling months. The bacterial community was identified using novel PacBio long-read sequencing, while alpha and beta diversity parameters were analyzed using linear regression models and weighted UniFrac distances. The bacterial richness, diversity and evenness differed by sampling location, sampling month, and molt stage, but not by lobster sex or size, nor sampling depth. Similarly, based on LFA, sampling month, year and lobster molt stage, the shell microbiome differed in microbial community composition with up to 34 out of 162 taxa differing significantly in abundance between sampling groups. This large-scale microbial survey suggests that the shell microbial diversity of apparently healthy lobsters is influenced by spatial and temporal factors such as geographic location, as well as the length of time the carapace is exposed to the surrounding seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Koepper
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - K. Fraser Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - J. T. McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Crawford W. Revie
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Krishna K. Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Crump BC, Bowen JL. The Microbial Ecology of Estuarine Ecosystems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:335-360. [PMID: 37418833 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-022123-101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Human civilization relies on estuaries, and many estuarine ecosystem services are provided by microbial communities. These services include high rates of primary production that nourish harvests of commercially valuable species through fisheries and aquaculture, the transformation of terrestrial and anthropogenic materials to help ensure the water quality necessary to support recreation and tourism, and mutualisms that maintain blue carbon accumulation and storage. Research on the ecology that underlies microbial ecosystem services in estuaries has expanded greatly across a range of estuarine environments, including water, sediment, biofilms, biological reefs, and stands of seagrasses, marshes, and mangroves. Moreover, the application of new molecular tools has improved our understanding of the diversity and genomic functions of estuarine microbes. This review synthesizes recent research on microbial habitats in estuaries and the contributions of microbes to estuarine food webs, elemental cycling, and interactions with plants and animals, and highlights novel insights provided by recent advances in genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron C Crump
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
| | - Jennifer L Bowen
- Marine Science Center, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA;
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3
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Koepper S, Clark KF, McClure JT, Revie CW, Stryhn H, Thakur KK. Long-read sequencing reveals the shell microbiome of apparently healthy American lobsters Homarus americanus from Atlantic Canada. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1245818. [PMID: 38029079 PMCID: PMC10658194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1245818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The shell microbial community of lobsters-a key factor in the development of epizootic shell disease (ESD)-is still insufficiently researched in Atlantic Canada and many knowledge gaps remain. This study aimed to establish a baseline description and analysis of the shell microbiome of apparently healthy lobsters from four locations in the region. More than 180 lobster shell swab samples were collected from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island (PEI). PacBio long-read 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses in QIIME2 identified the shell-associated bacteria. The shell microbiome of healthy lobsters consisted mainly of the bacterial classes Gammaproteobacteria, Saprospiria, Verrucomicrobiae, Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Acidimicrobiia and Planctomycetia. The microbial composition differed regionally and seasonally, with some classes showing decreased or increased relative abundances in the PEI samples as well as in the winter and spring samples in Nova Scotia. The core shell microbiome included potentially pathogenic as well as beneficial bacterial taxa, of which some were present only in certain regions. Bacterial taxa that have previously been associated with ESD were present on healthy lobsters in Atlantic Canada, but their frequency differed by location, sampling time, and moult stage. This study indicated that geographical and seasonal factors influenced the shell microbiome of apparently healthy lobsters more than host factors such as sex, size, and moult stage. Our results provide valuable reference microbial data from lobsters in a disease-free state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Koepper
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - K. Fraser Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
| | - J. Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Crawford W. Revie
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Krishna K. Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Ishaq SL, Turner SM, Lee G, Tudor MS, MacRae JD, Hamlin H, Bouchard D. Water temperature and disease alters bacterial diversity and cultivability from American lobster ( Homarus americanus) shells. iScience 2023; 26:106606. [PMID: 37128602 PMCID: PMC10148122 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is an economically valuable and ecologically important crustacean along the North Atlantic coast of North America. Populations in southern locations have declined in recent decades due to increasing ocean temperatures and disease, and these circumstances are progressing northward. We monitored 57 adult female lobsters, healthy and shell diseased, under three seasonal temperature cycles for a year, to track shell bacterial communities using culturing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, progression of epizootic shell disease using visual assessment, and antimicrobial activity of hemolymph. The richness of bacterial taxa present, evenness of abundance, and community similarity between lobsters was affected by water temperature at the time of sampling, water temperature over time based on seasonal temperature regimes, shell disease severity, and molt stage. Several bacteria were prevalent on healthy lobster shells but missing or less abundant on diseased shells, although some bacteria were found on all shells regardless of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L. Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Sarah M. Turner
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M. Scarlett Tudor
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Jean D. MacRae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Heather Hamlin
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Deborah Bouchard
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
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Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Shell disease syndromes of decapod crustaceans. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:931-947. [PMID: 36708190 PMCID: PMC10946978 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The term shell disease subsumes a number of debilitating conditions affecting the outer integument (the carapace) of decapod crustaceans, such as lobsters and crabs. Herein, we seek to find commonality in the aetiology and pathology of such conditions, and those cases that result in the progressive erosion of the cuticle through to the visceral tissues by a cocktail of microbial-derived enzymes including lipases, proteases and chitinases. Aquimarina spp. are involved in shell disease in many different crustaceans across a wide geographical area, but the overall view is that the condition is polymicrobial in nature leading to dysbiosis within the microbial consortium of the damaged cuticle. The role of environment, decapod behaviour and physiology in triggering this disease is also reviewed. Finally, we provide a conceptual model for disease aetiology and suggest several avenues for future research that could improve our understanding of how such factors trigger, or exacerbate, this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural SciencesZoology, Ryan InstituteSchool of Natural Sciences, University of GalwayGalwayIreland
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Bergen N, Krämer P, Romberg J, Wichels A, Gerlach G, Brinkhoff T. Shell Disease Syndrome Is Associated with Reduced and Shifted Epibacterial Diversity on the Carapace of the Crustacean Cancer pagurus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0341922. [PMID: 36342282 PMCID: PMC9769784 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03419-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pagurus is highly susceptible to shell disease syndrome. However, little is known about concomitant changes in the epibacterial community. We compared the bacterial communities of black spot affected and nonaffected areas of the carapace by amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and 16S rRNA. Within each spot, bacterial communities of affected areas were less diverse compared to communities from nonaffected areas. Communities of different affected spots were, however, more divergent from each other, compared to those of different nonaffected areas. This indicates a reduced and shifted microbial community composition caused by the black spot disease. Different communities found in black spots likely indicate different stages of the disease. In affected areas, Flavobacteriaceae rose to one of the most abundant and active families due to the increase of Aquimarina spp., suggesting a significant role in shell disease syndrome. We isolated 75 bacterial strains from diseased and healthy areas, which are primarily affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, reflecting the dominant phyla detected by amplicon sequencing. The ability to degrade chitin was mainly found for Gammaproteobacteria and Aquimarina spp. within the Flavobacteriia, while the ability to use N-acetylglucosamine, the monomer of the polysaccharide chitin, was observed for most isolates, including many Alphaproteobacteria. One-third of the isolates, including most Aquimarina spp., showed antagonistic properties, indicating a high potential for interactions between the bacterial populations. The combination of bacterial community analysis and the physiological properties of the isolates provided insights into a functional complex epibacterial community on the carapace of C. pagurus. IMPORTANCE In recent years, shell disease syndrome has been detected for several ecologically and economically important crustacean species. Large proportions of populations are affected, e.g., >60% of the widely distributed species Cancer pagurus in different North Sea areas. Bacteria play a significant role in the development of different forms of shell disease, all characterized by microbial chitinolytic degradation of the outer shell. By comparing the bacterial communities of healthy and diseased areas of the shell of C. pagurus, we demonstrated that the disease causes a reduced bacterial diversity within affected areas, a phenomenon co-occurring also with many other diseases. Furthermore, the community composition dramatically changed with some taxa rising to high relative abundances and showing increased activity, indicating strong participation in shell disease. Characterization of bacterial isolates obtained from affected and nonaffected spots provided deeper insights into their physiological properties and thus the possible role within the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bergen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Krämer
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Romberg
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gerlach
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brinkhoff
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Microbial Spectrum and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus regius (De Brito Capello, 1864). TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/trser-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Microbial spectrum and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from Panulirus regius of the coast of Lagos were analysed using standard techniques. The lobster head had higher total bacteria and total coliform counts with respective significant (P < 0.05) values of 4.17 x 106 ± 1.46 CFU g−1 and 3.06 x 103 ± 1.56 CFU g−1. A higher total fungi count (2.99 x 102 ± 1.63) was recorded in the lobster tail. In the bacterial group, Bacilus megaterium had the highest frequency of occurrence (22.6%) while in the fungal group, Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of occurrence (20.0%). All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and showed resistance to rocephin and zinnacef except Micrococcus sp. and Salmonella sp. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the lobsters is a serious concern.
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8
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Meyers TR, Morris R, Jackson TM, Dissen JN, Slater LM, Groner ML. Black eye syndrome and a systemic rickettsia-like organism in Alaskan Chionoecetes spp. crabs, including normal eyestalk microanatomy. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 150:103-124. [PMID: 35899963 DOI: 10.3354/dao03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A black eye syndrome (BES) was discovered in both captive and wild populations of Alaskan snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio and Tanner crabs C. bairdi. Field prevalences ranged from 0.37% (n = 594/161295) to 19.6% (n = 62/316) in snow crabs from the eastern Bering Sea and from 0.09% (n = 15/16638) to 0.7% (n = 133/18473) in Tanner crabs from the same trawl samples, with a slightly greater percentage (1.4%, n = 57/3945) in Tanner crabs from the Aleutian and Kodiak islands fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska. BES is not associated with crab mortality and has 2 distinct manifestations: abnormal black foci of internal eye pigment with no discernible histological lesions, which, in many cases, is followed by corneal shell disease with ulceration and distal eyestalk erosion. It is assumed for this study that these are early and late stages of BES that are somehow related. Our results suggest that early stages of abnormal pigmentation are noninfectious, possibly related to changing ocean conditions affecting crab endocrinology and neuropeptide control of secondary eye pigment. Potential light-induced photoreceptor damage of harvested crabs with dark-adapted eyes is another anthropogenic factor possibly contributing to the early changes in eye pigmentation. Normal eyestalk microanatomy specific for Chionoecetes spp. is provided as necessary baseline information for future studies. Early in the study, an unreported rickettsia-like organism (RLO) was discovered infecting dissected black eyestalks submitted for examination from 5 of 6 dead snow crabs, suggesting association with BES. Subsequent samples indicated the RLO was systemic, infected both black and normal-appearing eyestalks, and was unrelated to BES. However, the multiorgan infection and histopathology indicated the RLO could be a primary pathogen of snow crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Meyers
- Juneau Fish/Shellfish Pathology Laboratory, Commercial Fisheries Division (CFD), Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), Juneau, AK 99811-5526, USA
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9
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Predictable Changes in Eelgrass Microbiomes with Increasing Wasting Disease Prevalence across 23° Latitude in the Northeastern Pacific. mSystems 2022; 7:e0022422. [PMID: 35856664 PMCID: PMC9426469 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00224-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting outcomes of marine disease outbreaks presents a challenge in the face of both global and local stressors. Host-associated microbiomes may play important roles in disease dynamics but remain understudied in marine ecosystems. Host–pathogen–microbiome interactions can vary across host ranges, gradients of disease, and temperature; studying these relationships may aid our ability to forecast disease dynamics. Eelgrass, Zostera marina, is impacted by outbreaks of wasting disease caused by the opportunistic pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae. We investigated how Z. marina phyllosphere microbial communities vary with rising wasting disease lesion prevalence and severity relative to plant and meadow characteristics like shoot density, longest leaf length, and temperature across 23° latitude in the Northeastern Pacific. We detected effects of geography (11%) and smaller, but distinct, effects of temperature (30-day max sea surface temperature, 4%) and disease (lesion prevalence, 3%) on microbiome composition. Declines in alpha diversity on asymptomatic tissue occurred with rising wasting disease prevalence within meadows. However, no change in microbiome variability (dispersion) was detected between asymptomatic and symptomatic tissues. Further, we identified members of Cellvibrionaceae, Colwelliaceae, and Granulosicoccaceae on asymptomatic tissue that are predictive of wasting disease prevalence across the geographic range (3,100 kilometers). Functional roles of Colwelliaceae and Granulosicoccaceae are not known. Cellvibrionaceae, degraders of plant cellulose, were also enriched in lesions and adjacent green tissue relative to nonlesioned leaves. Cellvibrionaceae may play important roles in disease progression by degrading host tissues or overwhelming plant immune responses. Thus, inclusion of microbiomes in wasting disease studies may improve our ability to understand variable rates of infection, disease progression, and plant survival. IMPORTANCE The roles of marine microbiomes in disease remain poorly understood due, in part, to the challenging nature of sampling at appropriate spatiotemporal scales and across natural gradients of disease throughout host ranges. This is especially true for marine vascular plants like eelgrass (Zostera marina) that are vital for ecosystem function and biodiversity but are susceptible to rapid decline and die-off from pathogens like eukaryotic slime-mold Labyrinthula zosterae (wasting disease). We link bacterial members of phyllosphere tissues to the prevalence of wasting disease across the broadest geographic range to date for a marine plant microbiome-disease study (3,100 km). We identify Cellvibrionaceae, plant cell wall degraders, enriched (up to 61% relative abundance) within lesion tissue, which suggests this group may be playing important roles in disease progression. These findings suggest inclusion of microbiomes in marine disease studies will improve our ability to predict ecological outcomes of infection across variable landscapes spanning thousands of kilometers.
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10
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Ooi MC, Goulden EF, Trotter AJ, Smith GG, Bridle AR. Aquimarina sp. Associated With a Cuticular Disease of Cultured Larval Palinurid and Scyllarid Lobsters. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573588. [PMID: 33162955 PMCID: PMC7581904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shell (cuticular) disease manifests in various forms and affects many crustaceans, including lobsters. Outbreaks of white leg disease (WLD) with distinct signs of pereiopod tissue whitening and death have been observed in cultured larvae (phyllosomas) of ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus, eastern rock lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi, and slipper lobster Thenus australiensis. This study aimed to characterise and identify the causative agent of WLD through morphological and molecular (16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing) analysis, experimental infection of damaged/undamaged P. ornatus and T. australiensis phyllosomas, and bacterial community analysis (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) of P. ornatus phyllosomas presenting with WLD during an outbreak. Bacterial communities of WLD-affected pereiopods showed low bacterial diversity and dominant abundance of Aquimarina spp. compared to healthy pereiopods, which were more diverse and enriched with Sulfitobacter spp. 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing of cultures from disease outbreaks identified the dominant bacterial isolate (TRL1) as a Gram-negative, long non-flagellated rod with 100% sequence identity to Aquimarina hainanensis. Aquimarina sp. TRL1 was demonstrated through comparative genome analysis (99.99% OrthoANIu) as the bacterium reisolated from experimentally infected phyllosomas presenting with typical signs of WLD. Pereiopod damage was a major predisposing factor to WLD. Histopathological examination of WLD-affected pereiopods showed masses of internalised bacteria and loss of structural integrity, suggesting that Aquimarina sp. TRL1 could enter the circulatory system and cause death by septicaemia. Aquimarina sp. TRL1 appears to have important genomic traits (e.g., tissue-degrading enzymes, gliding motility, and aggregate-promoting factors) implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. We have shown that Aquimarina sp. TRL1 is the aetiological agent of WLD in cultured Palinurid and Scyllarid phyllosomas and that damaged pereiopods are a predisposing factor to WLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei C Ooi
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Evan F Goulden
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bribie Island Research Centre, Woorim, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Trotter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bridle
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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11
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Segelken-Voigt A, Hagen W, Gerlach G, Strahl J. Shell disease does not affect biochemical profiles of the North Sea brown shrimp Crangon crangon. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 141:117-126. [PMID: 32969344 DOI: 10.3354/dao03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brown shrimp Crangon crangon is a key component of the North Atlantic coastal food web and an important target species for the fishery economy. As the brown shrimp contains large amounts of protein and essential fatty acids, its consumption makes it a beneficial choice for humans. Commercially harvested crustaceans like C. crangon are frequently affected by bacterial shell disease, with necrotizing erosions and ulcerations of the cuticle. To determine whether shell disease influences the nutritional value of C. crangon, total protein and lipid contents, as well as fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue and hepatopancreas, together with the hepatosomatic index, were examined in healthy and affected individuals. The biochemical composition of the tissues did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Also, the hepatosomatic index, as an indicator of energy reserves in shrimps, was similar between healthy and affected animals. Our results indicate that the nutritional value of C. crangon is not affected by shell disease, as long as it remains superficial as in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Segelken-Voigt
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Cerqueda-García D, Hernández-Velázquez IM, Rivera-Bustamante R, Huchín-Mian JP, Briones-Fourzán P, Lozano-Álvarez E, Rodríguez-Canul R. Alterations in the gut-associated microbiota of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) infected with PaV1. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 176:107457. [PMID: 32882233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) is currently affected by an unenveloped, icosahedral, DNA virus termed Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), a virulent and pathogenic virus that produces a long-lasting infection that alters the physiology and behaviour of heavily infected lobsters. Gut-associated microbiota is crucial for lobster homeostasis and well-being, but pathogens could change microbiota composition affecting its function. In PaV1 infection, the changes of gut-associated microbiota are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology to compare the bacterial microbiota in intestines of healthy and heavily PaV1-infected male and female juveniles of spiny lobsters P. argus captured in Puerto Morelos Reef lagoon, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We found that basal gut-associated microbiota composition showed a sex-dependent bias, with females being enriched in amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to Sphingomonas, while males were enriched in the genus Candidatus Hepatoplasma and Aliiroseovarius genera. Moreover, the alpha diversity of microbiota decreased in PaV1-infected lobsters. A significant increase of the genus Candidatus Bacilloplasma was observed in infected lobsters, as well as a significant decrease in Nesterenkonia, Caldalkalibacillus, Pseudomonas, Cetobacterium and Phyllobacterium. We also observed an alteration in the abundances of Vibrio species. Results from this study suggest that PaV1 infection impacts intestinal microbiota composition in Panulirus argus in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Rafael Rivera-Bustamante
- Dirección, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Huchín-Mian
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Patricia Briones-Fourzán
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo 77580, Mexico
| | - Enrique Lozano-Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo 77580, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, Mérida, Yucatán CP. 97310, Mexico.
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13
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Zha H, Lewis G, Waite DW, Wu J, Chang K, Dong Y, Jeffs A. Bacterial communities associated with tail fan necrosis in spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5492258. [PMID: 31107952 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiny lobsters are among the most valuable seafood products, but their commercial value is greatly diminished by tail fan necrosis (TFN), an unsightly blackening and erosion of the posterior margins on the abdomen. The condition results from bacterial incursion following physical damage to the cuticle. In this current study, the bacterial communities on the cuticle of tail fans of wild spiny lobsters with and without TFN were examined using 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing to identify whether there is a group of bacteria associated with TFN. The bacterial communities in the affected cuticle had significantly less richness, diversity and evenness, but greater variability between samples than those in unaffected cuticle. There were 21 phylotypes closely associated with TFN, of which, those belonging to Aquimarina, Flavobacterium, Neptunomonas, Streptomyces, Flavobacteriaceae and Thiohalorhabdales were most important. The affected cuticle samples were clustered into two microbial colonization states, each characterized by distinct phylotypes that are closely associated with TFN, suggesting different phylotypes were associated with different microbial colonization states of TFN. These bacteria appear to develop their association through opportunistic pathways created by the provision of changes in the bacterial habitat associated with injury to the cuticle or compromised immunity subsequent to the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Gillian Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David W Waite
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jieyun Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yimin Dong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Hewson I. Technical pitfalls that bias comparative microbial community analyses of aquatic disease Ian Hewson. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 137:109-124. [PMID: 31854329 DOI: 10.3354/dao03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The accessibility of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies has attracted the application of comparative microbial analyses to study diseases. These studies present a window into host microbiome diversity and composition that can be used to address ecological theory in the context of host biology and behavior. Recently, comparative microbiome studies have been used to study non-vertebrate aquatic diseases to elucidate microorganisms potentially involved in disease processes or in disease prevention. These investigations suffer from many well-described biases, especially prior to sequence analyses, that could lead to misleading conclusions. Microbiome-focused studies of aquatic metazoan diseases provide valuable documentation of microbial ecology, although, they are only a starting point for establishing disease etiology, which demands quantitative validation through targeted approaches. The microbiome approach to understanding disease is most useful after laboratory diagnostics guided by pathology have failed to identify a causative agent. This opinion piece presents several technical pitfalls which may affect wider interpretation of microbe-host interactions through comparative microbial community analyses and provides recommendations, based on studies in non-aquatic systems, for incorporation into future aquatic disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hewson
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Cornejo-Granados F, Gallardo-Becerra L, Leonardo-Reza M, Ochoa-Romo JP, Ochoa-Leyva A. A meta-analysis reveals the environmental and host factors shaping the structure and function of the shrimp microbiota. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5382. [PMID: 30128187 PMCID: PMC6089209 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The shrimp or prawn is the most valuable traded marine product in the world market today and its microbiota plays an essential role in its development, physiology, and health. The technological advances and dropping costs of high-throughput sequencing have increased the number of studies characterizing the shrimp microbiota. However, the application of different experimental and bioinformatics protocols makes it difficult to compare different studies to reach general conclusions about shrimp microbiota. To meet this necessity, we report the first meta-analysis of the microbiota from freshwater and marine shrimps using all publically available sequences of the 16S ribosomal gene (16S rRNA gene). We obtained data for 199 samples, in which 63.3% were from marine (Alvinocaris longirostris, Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon), and 36.7% were from freshwater (Macrobrachium asperulum, Macrobrachium nipponense, Macrobranchium rosenbergii, Neocaridina denticulata) shrimps. Technical variations among studies, such as selected primers, hypervariable region, and sequencing platform showed a significant impact on the microbiota structure. Additionally, the ANOSIM and PERMANOVA analyses revealed that the most important biological factor in structuring the shrimp microbiota was the marine and freshwater environment (ANOSIM R = 0.54, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 21.8, P = 0.001), where freshwater showed higher bacterial diversity than marine shrimps. Then, for marine shrimps, the most relevant biological factors impacting the microbiota composition were lifestyle (ANOSIM R = 0.341, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 8.50, P = 0.0001), organ (ANOSIM R = 0.279, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 6.68, P = 0.001) and developmental stage (ANOSIM R = 0.240, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 5.05, P = 0.001). According to the lifestyle, organ, developmental stage, diet, and health status, the highest diversity were for wild-type, intestine, adult, wild-type diet, and healthy samples, respectively. Additionally, we used PICRUSt to predict the potential functions of the microbiota, and we found that the organ had more differentially enriched functions (93), followed by developmental stage (12) and lifestyle (9). Our analysis demonstrated that despite the impact of technical and bioinformatics factors, the biological factors were also statistically significant in shaping the microbiota. These results show that cross-study comparisons are a valuable resource for the improvement of the shrimp microbiota and microbiome fields. Thus, it is important that future studies make public their sequencing data, allowing other researchers to reach more powerful conclusions about the microbiota in this non-model organism. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that aims to define the shrimp microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cornejo-Granados
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luigui Gallardo-Becerra
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miriam Leonardo-Reza
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa-Romo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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16
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Zha H, Jeffs A, Dong Y, Lewis G. Potential virulence factors of bacteria associated with tail fan necrosis in the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:817-828. [PMID: 29473647 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tail fan necrosis (TFN) is a common condition found in commercially exploited spiny lobsters that greatly diminishes their commercial value. Bacteria possessing proteolytic, chitinolytic and lipolytic capabilities were associated with TFN in spiny lobsters, Jasus edwardsii. In this study, 69 bacterial isolates exhibiting all the three enzymatic capabilities from the haemolymph and tail fans of J. edwardsii with and without TFN were further characterized and compared, including morphology, biofilm formation, antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial resistance, and production of siderophores, melanin and ammonia. The genomic patterns of the most common Vibrio crassostreae isolates were also compared between TFN-affected and unaffected lobsters. Biofilm formation was stronger in bacterial isolates from both haemolymph and tail fans of TFN-affected lobsters compared to those from the unaffected lobsters, while melanin production and siderophore production were stronger in the isolates from tail fans of lobsters with TFN. By contrast, the other characteristics of isolates were similar in lobsters with and without TFN. The Vib. crassostreae isolates from the affected lobsters had similar genomic patterns. Overall, the results indicate that in addition to proteolytic, chitinolytic and lipolytic activities, the bacteria associated with TFN commonly have enhanced activity of important virulence factors, including biofilm formation, melanin production and siderophore production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zha
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Jeffs
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Y Dong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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