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Lepczyk CA, Wedding LM, Asner GP, Pittman SJ, Goulden T, Linderman MA, Gang J, Wright R. Advancing Landscape and Seascape Ecology from a 2D to a 3D Science. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Landscape ecology has fundamentally changed the way ecologists view the world through a greater understanding of the links between spatial patterns and ecological processes. Until recently, landscape ecology has been largely a two-dimensional (2D) science focused on the spatial patterning of 2D planar surfaces rather than three-dimensional (3D) structures. Advances in high-resolution remote sensing technologies, such as laser altimetry, acoustic sensors, and photogrammetry now provide the capability to map complex ecosystem structure in three dimensions, creating more structurally realistic models of the environment. In the present article, we focus on high-resolution 3D structure, using terrestrial and marine examples to illustrate how state-of-the-art advances in landscape ecology achieved through novel data fusion, spatial analysis, and geovisualization of environmental data can provide new ecological insights. These examples provide a look to the future in landscape and seascape ecology, where continued progress toward a multidimensional science will fundamentally shift the way we view, explore, and conceptualize the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Wedding
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3QY
| | | | - Simon J Pittman
- Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Goulden
- National Ecological Observatory Network program managed by Battelle 1685 38th Street, Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Marc A Linderman
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jeanne Gang
- Studio Gang and a MacArthur Fellow, 1212 N Ashland Ave, Suite 212, Chicago, IL 60622
| | - Rosalie Wright
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3 QY
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Su YC, Su SH, Li HY, Wang HY, Lee SC. Implication of single year seasonal sampling to genetic diversity fluctuation that coordinates with oceanographic dynamics in torpedo scads near Taiwan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16829. [PMID: 33033371 PMCID: PMC7544891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fisheries management and conservation plans are based on the genetic structure of organisms in pelagic ecosystems; however, these structures tend to vary over time, particularly in cyclic ocean currents. We performed genetic analyses on the populations of the pelagic fish, Megalaspis cordyla (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) in the area surrounding Taiwan during 2000–2001. Genotyping was performed on M. cordyla collected seasonally around Taiwan as well as specimens collected from Singapore (Malacca strait) and Indonesia (Banda Sea). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) revealed that M. cordyla does not spawn near Taiwan. Data related to the mitochondrial control region revealed that the samples from Singapore and Indonesia represented two distinct genetic cohorts. Genotyping revealed that during the summer (June–August 2000), the Indonesian variant was dominant in eastern Taiwan (presumably following the Kuroshio Current) and in the Penghu region (following the Kuroshio Branch Current). During the same period, the Singapore genotype was dominant along the western coast of Taiwan (presumably following the South China Sea Current); however, the number dropped during the winter (December–February 2001) under the effects of the China Coast Current. Divergence time estimates indicate that the two genetic cohorts split during the last glacial maximum. Despite the fact that these results are based on sampling from a single year, they demonstrate the importance of seasonal sampling in unravelling the genetic diversity in pelagic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Su
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hui Su
- Kaohsiung Municipal Zhongshan Elementary School, Kaohsiung, 80457, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yun Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Yi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Che Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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GIS-based modelling reveals the fate of antlion habitats in the Deliblato Sands. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5299. [PMID: 32210352 PMCID: PMC7093468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Deliblato Sands Special Nature Reserve (DSSNR; Vojvodina, Serbia) is facing a fast successional process. Open sand steppe habitats, considered as regional biodiversity hotspots, have drastically decreased over the last 25 years. This study combines multi-temporal and –spectral remotely sensed data, in-situ sampling techniques and geospatial modelling procedures to estimate and predict the potential development of open habitats and their biota from the perspective of antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). It was confirmed that vegetation density increased in all parts of the study area between 1992 and 2017. Climate change, manifested in the mean annual precipitation amount, significantly contributes to the speed of succession that could be completed within a 50-year period. Open grassland habitats could reach an alarming fragmentation rate by 2075 (covering 50 times less area than today), according to selected global climate models and emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). However, M. trigrammus could probably survive in the DSSNR until the first half of the century, but its subsequent fate is very uncertain. The information provided in this study can serve for effective management of sand steppes, and antlions should be considered important indicators for conservation monitoring and planning.
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Wildermann NE, Gredzens C, Avens L, Barrios-Garrido HA, Bell I, Blumenthal J, Bolten AB, Braun McNeill J, Casale P, Di Domenico M, Domit C, Epperly SP, Godfrey MH, Godley BJ, González-Carman V, Hamann M, Hart KM, Ishihara T, Mansfield KL, Metz TL, Miller JD, Pilcher NJ, Read MA, Sasso C, Seminoff JA, Seney EE, Willard AS, Tomás J, Vélez-Rubio GM, Ware M, Williams JL, Wyneken J, Fuentes MMPB. Informing research priorities for immature sea turtles through expert elicitation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Briscoe DK, Fossette S, Scales KL, Hazen EL, Bograd SJ, Maxwell SM, McHuron EA, Robinson PW, Kuhn C, Costa DP, Crowder LB, Lewison RL. Characterizing habitat suitability for a central-place forager in a dynamic marine environment. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2788-2801. [PMID: 29531695 PMCID: PMC5838083 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing habitat suitability for a marine predator requires an understanding of the environmental heterogeneity and variability over the range in which a population moves during a particular life cycle. Female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are central-place foragers and are particularly constrained while provisioning their young. During this time, habitat selection is a function of prey availability and proximity to the rookery, which has important implications for reproductive and population success. We explore how lactating females may select habitat and respond to environmental variability over broad spatial and temporal scales within the California Current System. We combine near-real-time remotely sensed satellite oceanography, animal tracking data (n = 72) from November to February over multiple years (2003-2009) and Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) to determine the probability of sea lion occurrence based on environmental covariates. Results indicate that sea lion presence is associated with cool (<14°C), productive waters, shallow depths, increased eddy activity, and positive sea-level anomalies. Predictive habitat maps generated from these biophysical associations suggest winter foraging areas are spatially consistent in the nearshore and offshore environments, except during the 2004-2005 winter, which coincided with an El Niño event. Here, we show how a species distribution model can provide broadscale information on the distribution of female California sea lions during an important life history stage and its implications for population dynamics and spatial management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K. Briscoe
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
| | - Sabrina Fossette
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Department of Parks and WildlifeKensingtonWAAustralia
| | - Kylie L. Scales
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
- University of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydoreQldAustralia
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Sara M. Maxwell
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
- Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. McHuron
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Patrick W. Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Carey Kuhn
- Marine Mammal LaboratoryAlaska Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSeattleWAUSA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
- Center for Ocean SolutionsStanford UniversityMontereyCAUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring & ManagementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
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