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TuckerWilliams E, Lepczyk CA, Morse W, Smith M. Perceptions of Wild Pig Impact, Management, and Policy in Alabama. Environ Manage 2024; 73:1032-1048. [PMID: 38466407 PMCID: PMC11023992 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Successful management of invasive species often requires working across public and private landownerships. A prime example of an invasive species that commonly occurs on privately and publicly owned and managed lands is the wild pig (Sus scrofa). Because of the multitude of negative impacts associated with wild pigs, management must occur across both private and public lands to achieve widespread control and sustained success. However, managing wild pigs across property boundaries is challenging as we know very little about differing management practices and landowner perspectives. To address this knowledge gap, we sought to understand wild pig management efforts on privately owned lands, the perceived economic, ecological, and human health impact of wild pigs, and beliefs related to policy. Generally, stakeholders believe wild pigs have negative impacts on wildlife, the economy, and ecological and public health, however less than half of landowners participate in wild pig control. Furthermore, stakeholders believe that the responsibility of managing and paying for damages associated with wild pigs lies with individual landowners. Our findings suggest that increased efficacy of wild pig control and collaboration between private and public landowners is not only possible but also necessary if wild pig population control is to be regionally successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellary TuckerWilliams
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Wayde Morse
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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2
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Shamon H, Maor R, Cove MV, Kays R, Adley J, Alexander PD, Allen DN, Allen ML, Appel CL, Barr E, Barthelmess EL, Baruzzi C, Bashaw K, Bastille-Rousseau G, Baugh ME, Belant J, Benson JF, Bespoyasny BA, Bird T, Bogan DA, Brandt LSE, Bresnan CE, Brooke JM, Buderman FE, Buzzell SG, Cheeseman AE, Chitwood MC, Chrysafis P, Collins MK, Collins DP, Compton JA, Conner LM, Cosby OG, Coster SS, Crawford B, Crupi AP, Darracq AK, Davis ML, DeGregorio BA, Denningmann KL, Dougherty KD, Driver A, Edelman AJ, Ellington EH, Ellis-Felege SN, Ellison CN, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, Farris ZJ, Favreau J, Fernandez P, Fisher-Reid MC, Fitzpatrick MC, Flaherty EA, Forrester TD, Fritts SR, Gallo T, Gerber BD, Giery ST, Glasscock JL, Gonatas AD, Grady AC, Green AM, Gregory T, Griffin N, Hagen RH, Hansen CP, Hansen LP, Hasstedt SC, Hernández-Yáñez H, Herrera DJ, Horan RV, Jackson VL, Johnson L, Jordan MJ, Kahano W, Kiser J, Knowles TW, Koeck MM, Koroly C, Kuhn KM, Kuprewicz EK, Lafferty DJR, LaPoint SD, Lashley M, Lathrop RG, Lee TE, Lepczyk CA, Lesmeister DB, Lombardi JV, Long RA, Lonsinger RC, MacKay P, Maher SP, Mason DS, Millspaugh JJ, Moll RJ, Moon JB, Mortelliti A, Mychajliw AM, Nagy CM, Neiswenter SA, Nelson DL, Nemes CE, Nielsen CK, Olson E, O'Mara MT, O'Neill BJ, Page BR, Parsons E, Pease BS, Pendergast ME, Proctor M, Quick H, Rega-Brodsky CC, Rentz MS, Rezendes K, Rich D, Risch DR, Romero A, Rooney BR, Rota CT, Samples CA, Schalk CM, Sekercioğlu ÇH, Sergeyev M, Smith AB, Smith DS, Sperry JH, Stenglein JL, Stokes MK, Stutzman JS, Todd KR, Vanek JP, Varga W, Wardle ZM, Webb SL, Wehr NH, Whipple LS, Whittier CA, Widness JS, Williamson J, Wilson AM, Wolf AJ, Zimova M, Zorn AS, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2024:e4318. [PMID: 38693703 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long-term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application (https://www.snapshot-usa.org/). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights (https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22-5.9 arrays per 100,000 km2), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Roi Maor
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessie Adley
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - David N Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara L Appel
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Evan Barr
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erika L Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, USA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelli Bashaw
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, USA
| | - Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Madison E Baugh
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jerrold Belant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John F Benson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bethany A Bespoyasny
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Tori Bird
- Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel A Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, Loudonville, New York, USA
| | - LaRoy S E Brandt
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
- Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claire E Bresnan
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jarred M Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Frances E Buderman
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzannah G Buzzell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amanda E Cheeseman
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - M Colter Chitwood
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Merri K Collins
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - D Parks Collins
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin A Compton
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Olivia G Cosby
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Crawford
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, USA
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Miranda L Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- US Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Kyle D Dougherty
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ace Driver
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA
| | - E Hance Ellington
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Zach J Farris
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Pilar Fernandez
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Caitlin Fisher-Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew C Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tavis D Forrester
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Sarah R Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Travis Gallo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sean T Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alex D Gonatas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Grady
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Austin M Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tremaine Gregory
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Noel Griffin
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert H Hagen
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Lonnie P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Steven C Hasstedt
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Haydée Hernández-Yáñez
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel J Herrera
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert V Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Mark J Jordan
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Willaine Kahano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Joseph Kiser
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis W Knowles
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, USA
| | - Molly M Koeck
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Caroline Koroly
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellie M Kuhn
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin K Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut State Museum of Natural History, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diana J R Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott D LaPoint
- Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Marcus Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard G Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason V Lombardi
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | | | - Robert C Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Sean P Maher
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - David S Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jessica B Moon
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexis M Mychajliw
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
- Environmental Studies Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Dana L Nelson
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Nemes
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Blake R Page
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Parsons
- The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brent S Pease
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mike Proctor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Heather Quick
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Michael S Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kylie Rezendes
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daric Rich
- Scenic Hudson, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Derek R Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Christopher T Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Çağan H Sekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maksim Sergeyev
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Austin B Smith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Jinelle H Sperry
- U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stenglein
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael K Stokes
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Johnathon S Stutzman
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimberly R Todd
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - John P Vanek
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, USA
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wren Varga
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary M Wardle
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen L Webb
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura S Whipple
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher A Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane S Widness
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Wilson
- Environmental Studies, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Marketa Zimova
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam S Zorn
- Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
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Lepczyk CA, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, Dunham KD, Bonnaud E, Lindner J, Doherty TS, Woinarski JCZ. A global synthesis and assessment of free-ranging domestic cat diet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7809. [PMID: 38086838 PMCID: PMC10716121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-ranging cats (Felis catus) are globally distributed invasive carnivores that markedly impact biodiversity. Here, to evaluate the potential threat of cats, we develop a comprehensive global assessment of species consumed by cats. We identify 2,084 species eaten by cats, of which 347 (16.65%) are of conservation concern. Islands contain threefold more species of conservation concern eaten by cats than continents do. Birds, reptiles, and mammals constitute ~90% of species consumed, with insects and amphibians being less frequent. Approximately 9% of known birds, 6% of known mammals, and 4% of known reptile species are identified in cat diets. 97% of species consumed are <5 kg in adult body mass, though much larger species are also eaten. The species accumulation curves are not asymptotic, indicating that our estimates are conservative. Our results demonstrate that cats are extreme generalist predators, which is critical for understanding their impact on ecological systems and developing management solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kylee D Dunham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nunavut Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Elsa Bonnaud
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Tim S Doherty
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - John C Z Woinarski
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
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La Sorte FA, Clark JAG, Lepczyk CA, Aronson MFJ. Collections of small urban parks consistently support higher species richness but not higher phylogenetic or functional diversity. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231424. [PMID: 37700654 PMCID: PMC10498037 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
When prioritizing regions for conservation protection, decisions are often based on the principle that a single large reserve should support more species than several small reserves of the same total area (SLOSS). This principle remains a central paradigm in conservation planning despite conflicting empirical evidence and methodological concerns. In urban areas where small parks tend to dominate and policies to promote biodiversity are becoming increasingly popular, determining the most appropriate prioritization method is critical. Here, we document the role of SLOSS in defining the seasonal diversity of birds in 475 parks in 21 US cities. Collections of small parks were consistently associated with higher species richness, spatial turnover and rarity. Collections of both small and large parks were associated with higher phylogenetic and functional diversity whose patterns varied across seasons and cities. Thus, collections of small parks are a reliable source of species richness driven by higher spatial turnover and rarity, whereas collections of both small and large parks contain the potential to support higher phylogenetic and functional diversity. The presence of strong intra-annual and geographical variation emphasizes the need for regional prioritization strategies, where multiple diversity metrics are examined across parks and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. La Sorte
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | | | - Myla F. J. Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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5
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Hahs AK, Fournier B, Aronson MFJ, Nilon CH, Herrera-Montes A, Salisbury AB, Threlfall CG, Rega-Brodsky CC, Lepczyk CA, La Sorte FA, MacGregor-Fors I, Scott MacIvor J, Jung K, Piana MR, Williams NSG, Knapp S, Vergnes A, Acevedo AA, Gainsbury AM, Rainho A, Hamer AJ, Shwartz A, Voigt CC, Lewanzik D, Lowenstein DM, O'Brien D, Tommasi D, Pineda E, Carpenter ES, Belskaya E, Lövei GL, Makinson JC, Coleman JL, Sadler JP, Shroyer J, Shapiro JT, Baldock KCR, Ksiazek-Mikenas K, Matteson KC, Barrett K, Siles L, Aguirre LF, Armesto LO, Zalewski M, Herrera-Montes MI, Obrist MK, Tonietto RK, Gagné SA, Hinners SJ, Latty T, Surasinghe TD, Sattler T, Magura T, Ulrich W, Elek Z, Castañeda-Oviedo J, Torrado R, Kotze DJ, Moretti M. Urbanisation generates multiple trait syndromes for terrestrial animal taxa worldwide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4751. [PMID: 37550318 PMCID: PMC10406945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cities can host significant biological diversity. Yet, urbanisation leads to the loss of habitats, species, and functional groups. Understanding how multiple taxa respond to urbanisation globally is essential to promote and conserve biodiversity in cities. Using a dataset encompassing six terrestrial faunal taxa (amphibians, bats, bees, birds, carabid beetles and reptiles) across 379 cities on 6 continents, we show that urbanisation produces taxon-specific changes in trait composition, with traits related to reproductive strategy showing the strongest response. Our findings suggest that urbanisation results in four trait syndromes (mobile generalists, site specialists, central place foragers, and mobile specialists), with resources associated with reproduction and diet likely driving patterns in traits associated with mobility and body size. Functional diversity measures showed varied responses, leading to shifts in trait space likely driven by critical resource distribution and abundance, and taxon-specific trait syndromes. Maximising opportunities to support taxa with different urban trait syndromes should be pivotal in conservation and management programmes within and among cities. This will reduce the likelihood of biotic homogenisation and helps ensure that urban environments have the capacity to respond to future challenges. These actions are critical to reframe the role of cities in global biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Hahs
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus 500 Yarra Blvd, Richmond, 3121 VIC, Australia.
| | - Bertrand Fournier
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Myla F J Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08816, USA
| | - Charles H Nilon
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Adriana Herrera-Montes
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Caragh G Threlfall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Frank A La Sorte
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Ian MacGregor-Fors
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - J Scott MacIvor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max R Piana
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Nicholas S G Williams
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus 500 Yarra Blvd, Richmond, 3121 VIC, Australia
| | - Sonja Knapp
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Plant Ecology, Rothenburgstraße 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan Vergnes
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Aldemar A Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alison M Gainsbury
- University of South Florida, St. Petersburg Campus, Department of Integrative Biology, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Ana Rainho
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes at the Dept. of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrew J Hamer
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina u. 29, 1113, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Assaf Shwartz
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Dept. of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lewanzik
- Dept. of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - David M Lowenstein
- Michigan State University Extension, Macomb County, 21885 Dunham Rd - Suite 12, Clinton Twp, MI, 48036, USA
| | - David O'Brien
- Scottish Natural Heritage (NatureScot), Great Glen House, Inverness, IV3 8NW, UK
| | - Desiree Tommasi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Eduardo Pineda
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Ela Sita Carpenter
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD, 21401, USA
| | - Elena Belskaya
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Eighth March Street 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia
| | - Gábor L Lövei
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- ELKH-DE Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Hungary
| | - James C Makinson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Joanna L Coleman
- Queens College at the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Jon P Sadler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jordan Shroyer
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Julie Teresa Shapiro
- University of Lyon, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Lyon, 31 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Katherine C R Baldock
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Kevin C Matteson
- Department of Biology/Project Dragonfly, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kyle Barrett
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Lizette Siles
- Área de Mastozoología, Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d'Orbigny, Avenida Potosí 1458, Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Luis F Aguirre
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, c Sucre, frente Parque La Torre s/n, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Luis Orlando Armesto
- Tecnoacademia, CEDRUM, Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA), Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Marcin Zalewski
- Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, Warsaw, 00-679, Poland
| | | | - Martin K Obrist
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca K Tonietto
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, 303 E Kearsley St., Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Sara A Gagné
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Sarah J Hinners
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tanya Latty
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thilina D Surasinghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, 02325, USA
| | - Thomas Sattler
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, CH-6204, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Tibor Magura
- ELKH-DE Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Hungary
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem square 1., Hungary
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Zoltan Elek
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | | | - Ricardo Torrado
- Secretaría de Educación del Municipio de Cúcuta, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - D Johan Kotze
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
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6
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La Sorte FA, Lepczyk CA, Aronson MFJ. Light pollution enhances ground-level exposure to airborne toxic chemicals for nocturnally migrating passerines. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:57-68. [PMID: 36281768 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities generate different forms of environmental pollution, including artificial light at night (ALAN) and airborne toxic chemicals (ATCs). Nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to ALAN during migration and if ALAN occurs in unison with ATC, the chances of ground-level ATC contamination occurring at stopover sites could increase. Here, we document the relationship between ALAN and ATC within the contiguous United States based on 479 toxic chemicals from 15,743 releasing facilities. Using weekly diurnal estimates of relative abundance for 165 nocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species, we assess how the species richness and relative abundance of NMP species are correlated with ALAN and ATC across the annual cycle. The concentration of ATC increased with increasing ALAN levels, except at the highest ALAN levels. The species richness of NMP species was positively correlated with ATC during the non-breeding season and migration, and negatively correlated during the breeding season. The relative abundance of NMP species was negatively correlated with ATC during the breeding and non-breeding seasons and the correlation did not differ from zero during migration. Through the disorienting influence of ALAN, our findings suggest large numbers of NMP species are being exposed to higher ATC concentrations at stopover sites. Outside of migration, large numbers of NMP species that winter along the US Gulf Coast are being exposed for an extended period of time to higher ATC concentrations. Initiatives designed to decrease ALAN during migration have the potential to reduce the acute and chronic effects of ATC contamination, lower the maternal transfer of toxic chemicals to eggs, and decrease the biologically mediated transport of toxic chemicals across regions. However, these initiatives will not benefit species that experience prolonged ATC exposure during the non-breeding season along the US Gulf Coast, a region that could be a significant source of ATC contamination for North American birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A La Sorte
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Myla F J Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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7
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Lepczyk CA, Longcore T, Rich C. Misunderstanding the free‐ranging cat issue: Response to Debrot et al. 2022. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis Longcore
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA Los Angeles California USA
- The Urban Wildlands Group Los Angeles California USA
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8
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Kays R, Cove MV, Diaz J, Todd K, Bresnan C, Snider M, Lee TE, Jasper JG, Douglas B, Crupi AP, Weiss KCB, Rowe H, Sprague T, Schipper J, Lepczyk CA, Fantle‐Lepczyk JE, Davenport J, Zimova M, Farris Z, Williamson J, Fisher‐Reid MC, Rezendes D, King SM, Chrysafis P, Jensen AJ, Jachowski DS, King KC, Herrera DJ, Moore S, van der Merwe M, Lombardi JV, Sergeyev M, Tewes ME, Horan RV, Rentz MS, Driver A, Brandt LRSE, Nagy C, Alexander P, Maher SP, Darracq AK, Barr EG, Hess G, Webb SL, Proctor MD, Vanek JP, Lafferty DJR, Hubbard T, Jiménez JE, McCain C, Favreau J, Fogarty J, Hill J, Hammerich S, Gray M, Rega‐Brodsky CC, Durbin C, Flaherty EA, Brooke J, Coster SS, Lathrop RG, Russell K, Bogan DA, Shamon H, Rooney B, Rockhill A, Lonsinger RC, O'Mara MT, Compton JA, Barthelmess EL, Andy KE, Belant JL, Petroelje T, Wehr NH, Beyer DE, Scognamillo DG, Schalk C, Day K, Ellison CN, Ruthven C, Nunley B, Fritts S, Whittier CA, Neiswenter SA, Pelletier R, DeGregorio BA, Kuprewicz EK, Davis ML, Baruzzi C, Lashley MA, McDonald B, Mason D, Risch DR, Allen ML, Whipple LS, Sperry JH, Alexander E, Wolff PJ, Hagen RH, Mortelliti A, Bolinjcar A, Wilson AM, Van Norman S, Powell C, Coletto H, Schauss M, Bontrager H, Beasley J, Ellis‐Felege SN, Wehr SR, Giery ST, Pekins CE, LaRose SH, Revord RS, Hansen CP, Hansen L, Millspaugh JJ, Zorn A, Gerber BD, Rezendes K, Adley J, Sevin J, Green AM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Pendergast ME, Mullen K, Bird T, Edelman AJ, Romero A, O'Neill BJ, Schmitz N, Vandermus RA, Alston JM, Kuhn KM, Hasstedt SC, Lesmeister DB, Appel CL, Rota C, Stenglein JL, Anhalt‐Depies C, Nelson CL, Long RA, Remine KR, Jordan MJ, Elbroch LM, Bergman D, Cendejas‐Zarelli S, Sager‐Fradkin K, Conner M, Morris G, Parsons E, Hernández‐Yáñez H, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ecology 2022; 103:e3775. [PMID: 35661139 PMCID: PMC9347782 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA,North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael V. Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jose Diaz
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Kimberly Todd
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Claire Bresnan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Matt Snider
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas E. Lee
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | | | - Brianna Douglas
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | - Anthony P. Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and GameDivision of Wildlife ConservationDouglasAlaskaUSA
| | - Katherine C. B. Weiss
- Arizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Field Conservation Research DepartmentArizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix ZooPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Helen Rowe
- McDowell Sonoran ConservancyScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | | | - Jan Schipper
- Field Conservation Research DepartmentArizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix ZooPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | | | - Jon Davenport
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Marketa Zimova
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Zach Farris
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jacque Williamson
- Department of Education & ConservationBrandywine Zoo‐Delaware State ParksWilmingtonDelawareUSA
| | - M. Caitlin Fisher‐Reid
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Drew Rezendes
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sean M. King
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Alex J. Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ConservationClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - David S. Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ConservationClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Daniel J. Herrera
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue AllianceWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Sophie Moore
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue AllianceWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | - Jason V. Lombardi
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Maksim Sergeyev
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Michael E. Tewes
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Robert V. Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources DivisionBrunswickGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael S. Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Ace Driver
- Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - La Roy S. E. Brandt
- Cumberland Mountain Research CenterLincoln Memorial UniversityHarrogateTennesseeUSA
| | | | | | - Sean P. Maher
- Department of BiologyMissouri State UniversitySpringfieldMissouriUSA
| | | | - Evan G. Barr
- Department of BiologyMurray State UniversityMurrayKentuckyUSA
| | - George Hess
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - John P. Vanek
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIllinoisUSA
| | - Diana J. R. Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of BiologyNorthern Michigan UniversityMarqeutteMichiganUSA
| | - Tru Hubbard
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of BiologyNorthern Michigan UniversityMarqeutteMichiganUSA
| | - Jaime E. Jiménez
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Craig McCain
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Jacob Hill
- Department BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Morgan Gray
- Pepperwood FoundationSanta RosaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Caleb Durbin
- Biology DepartmentPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKansasUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jarred Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | | | - Richard G. Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Katarina Russell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Daniel A. Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and SciencesSiena CollegeLoudonvilleNew YorkUSA
| | - Hila Shamon
- Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife RefugeBrunswickVermontUSA
| | | | - Aimee Rockhill
- Department of Geosciences and Natural ResourcesWestern Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert C. Lonsinger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological SciencesSoutheastern Louisiana UniversityHammondLouisianaUSA
| | - Justin A. Compton
- Biology and Chemistry DepartmentSpringfield CollegeSpringfieldMassachusettsUSA
| | - Erika L. Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North ProgramSt. Lawrence UniversityCantonNew YorkUSA
| | - Katherine E. Andy
- Biology Department and Nature Up North ProgramSt. Lawrence UniversityCantonNew YorkUSA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Tyler Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Nathaniel H. Wehr
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Wildlife DivisionMichigan Department of Natural ResourcesLansingMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel G. Scognamillo
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture – Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdochesTexasUSA
| | - Chris Schalk
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture – Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdochesTexasUSA
| | - Kara Day
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesSocial CircleGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Chip Ruthven
- Texas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentPaducahTexasUSA
| | | | - Sarah Fritts
- Department of BiologyTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexasUSA
| | - Christopher A. Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation MedicineCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sean A. Neiswenter
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Robert Pelletier
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Brett A. DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research UnitUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Erin K. Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Miranda L. Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- School of Forest, Fisheries, & Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Brandon McDonald
- Crocodile Lake National Wildlife RefugeKey LargoFloridaUSA,Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - David Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Derek R. Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Maximilian L. Allen
- Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of IllinoisChampaignIllinoisUSA,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Laura S. Whipple
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jinelle H. Sperry
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA,Engineer Research and Development CenterChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Emmarie Alexander
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Robert H. Hagen
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Amay Bolinjcar
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Andrew M. Wilson
- Environmental StudiesGettysburg CollegeGettysburgPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Cailey Powell
- Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of IndiansRoseburgOregonUSA
| | - Henry Coletto
- Friends of Cañada de los Osos Ecological ReserveGilroyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Martha Schauss
- Friends of Cañada de los Osos Ecological ReserveGilroyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen Bontrager
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - James Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Sean T. Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles E. Pekins
- Fort Hood Natural Resources Management BranchUSA Army GarrisonFort HoodTexasUSA
| | - Summer H. LaRose
- Center for AgroforestryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Ronald S. Revord
- Center for AgroforestryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Christopher P. Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Lonnie Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Joshua J. Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Adam Zorn
- Huston‐Brumbaugh Nature CenterUniversity of Mount UnionAllianceOhioUSA
| | - Brian D. Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Kylie Rezendes
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Jessie Adley
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Jennifer Sevin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RichmondRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Austin M. Green
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Çağan H. Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,College of SciencesKoç UniversityRumelifeneriİstanbulTurkey
| | | | | | - Tori Bird
- Utah's Hogle ZooSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Brian J. O'Neill
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Noel Schmitz
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Rebecca A. Vandermus
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Jesse M. Alston
- Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Kellie M. Kuhn
- Department of BiologyUS Air Force Academy, USAFAColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | - Steven C. Hasstedt
- Department of BiologyUS Air Force Academy, USAFAColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Cara L. Appel
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Christopher Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural ResourcesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Stenglein
- Office of Applied ScienceWisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Carrie L. Nelson
- U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon‐Nicolet National ForestGreat Divide Ranger DistrictHaywardWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Mark J. Jordan
- Department of BiologySeattle UniversitySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mike Conner
- The Jones Center at IchauwayNewtonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Gail Morris
- The Jones Center at IchauwayNewtonGeorgiaUSA
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9
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Lepczyk CA, Duffy DC, Bird DM, Calver M, Cherkassky D, Cherkassky L, Dickman CR, Hunter D, Jessup D, Longcore T, Loss SR, Loyd KAT, Marra PP, Marzluff JM, Noss RF, Simberloff D, Sizemore GC, Temple SA, van Heezik Y. A science-based policy for managing free-roaming cats. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lepczyk CA. In search of meadowlarks: birds, farms, and food in harmony with the land. John M. Marzluff. 2020. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 352 pp. $28.00 hardcover. ISBN 978‐0300237146. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and the Environment Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
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Souza FL, Puppim de Oliveira JA, Lepczyk CA. Editorial: Urban Ecosystem Services and Disservices in Tropical Regions. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.791070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Cuffey J, Lepczyk CA, Zhao S, Fountain-Jones NM. Cross-sectional association of Toxoplasma gondii exposure with BMI and diet in US adults. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009825. [PMID: 34597323 PMCID: PMC8513882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis gondii exposure has been linked to increased impulsivity and risky behaviors, which has implications for eating behavior. Impulsivity and risk tolerance is known to be related with worse diets and a higher chance of obesity. There is little known, however, about the independent link between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure and diet-related outcomes. Using linear and quantile regression, we estimated the relationship between T. gondii exposure and BMI, total energy intake (kcal), and diet quality as measured by the Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI) among 9,853 adults from the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Previous studies have shown different behavioral responses to T. gondii infection among males and females, and socioeconomic factors are also likely to be important as both T. gondii and poor diet are more prevalent among U.S. populations in poverty. We therefore measured the associations between T. gondii and diet-related outcomes separately for men and women and for respondents in poverty. Among females <200% of the federal poverty level Toxoplasmosis gondii exposure was associated with a higher BMI by 2.0 units (95% CI [0.22, 3.83]) at median BMI and a lower HEI by 5.05 units (95% CI [-7.87, -2.24]) at the 25th percentile of HEI. Stronger associations were found at higher levels of BMI and worse diet quality among females. No associations were found among males. Through a detailed investigation of mechanisms, we were able to rule out T. gondii exposure from cat ownership, differing amounts of meat, and drinking water source as potential confounding factors; environmental exposure to T. gondii as well as changes in human behavior due to parasitic infection remain primary mechanisms. Toxoplasmosis gondii (T. gondii) is a parasite that infects over 10 percent of the US population. T. gondii infection can cause serious health problems for some people, but most infections remain undiagnosed and subclinical. When an individual is infected, T. gondii can chronically reside in muscle and central nervous system (including brain) tissue. Previous studies have found that individuals with prior exposure to T. gondii may engage in more risky and impulsive behaviors, and risk tolerance and impulsivity may be related with individual’s diet. Our study examines whether individuals with T. gondii exposure have higher body mass index (BMI) and worse diets. We further discuss and test for alternative explanations that prevent us from establishing a causal relationship between T. gondii and BMI/diet. Overall, our results show that T. gondii exposure is related with higher BMI and worse diets among lower-income females in the US. Our results uncover a novel correlate of BMI and diets, and suggest the importance of investigating the broader public health impacts of chronic T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Cuffey
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shuoli Zhao
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Abstract
Abstract
Efforts to remove invasive species may benefit native species, but the effects can be complex and unpredictable. Thus, studies of invasive-species removal provide important information for guiding management and providing insight about variation in post-removal impacts within the community. Using southern pine-grassland ecosystems as a model system, we hypothesized that removal of the long-established red-imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, hereafter RIFA) would positively influence altricial Peromyscus species, due to increased survival of young in the nest and thus increased recruitment to the population, but would not impact semi-precocial hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), which are mobile more quickly after birth and thus at less risk of depredation by RIFA. We compared small mammal populations on sites treated with a granular insecticide (Extinguish Plus) to remove RIFA in southwestern Georgia, United States, from April 2018 to December 2019. As expected, we detected no difference in cotton rat recruitment. However, contrary to our prediction, the same was true for cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) and oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus). We found RIFA removal increased survival both of cotton rats and cotton mice, increasing average population rate of change (λ) on treated sites during the study period. In contrast, we observed lower survival of oldfield mice, with similar λ estimates on treated and untreated sites, but low sample sizes were problematic for this species. Our results show that removal of invasive species can have positive impacts for native species, but both the magnitude of RIFA effects on small mammals and mechanisms by which impacts occur are complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Morehart
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Tall Timbers, 13093 Henry Beadel Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32312, USA
| | - Robert A Gitzen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Theron M Terhune
- Tall Timbers, 13093 Henry Beadel Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32312, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - D Clay Sisson
- Albany Quail Project, 5765 Pigeon Road, Newton, GA 39870, USA
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Lepczyk CA. Unnatural Companions: Rethinking Our Love of Pets in an Age of Wildlife Extinction. PeterChristie. 2020. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA. 280 pp. $28.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781610919708. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Fleck MS, Dinan M, Simmons LJ, Steury TD, Lepczyk CA. Investigating the Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Bird Identification by Landowners Across a Rural-to-Urban Gradient. Environ Manage 2021; 68:65-72. [PMID: 33932175 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social, cultural, and economic differences have been shown to influence ecological knowledge. Given the importance of ecological knowledge for appreciation and protection of nature, we sought to investigate the relationship between landowners' sociodemographic attributes and the number of birds listed by landowners on their property across a rural-to-urban gradient. We hypothesized that: (1) age and education would be positively related to the number of birds an individual listed, while gender would be unrelated to the number of birds an individual listed; (2) rural landowners would list a larger number of bird species due to their increased level of exposure to nature and place-based knowledge; and (3) the number of years spent living on a property would positively impact the number of birds an individual listed by increasing the amount of time possible to interact with nature. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a survey of ~1700 landowners (with 59% responding) across a rural-to-urban gradient in southeastern Michigan that asked questions pertaining to age, gender, education, property size, years lived on property, and bird identification. Age, education, and years on property were positively associated with the number of birds listed by landowner. However, sociodemographic factors interacted with the rural-to-urban gradient to determine how such factors influenced landowner listing ability. For example, females listed more birds than males on suburban routes, but not on urban or rural routes. Ultimately, sociodemographic factors were indicators of a person's ability to list bird species on their property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Fleck
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf Restoration Office, Fairhope, AL, 36532, USA
| | - Maude Dinan
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27603, USA
| | - Lauren J Simmons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 5321, USA
| | - Todd D Steury
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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17
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Cove MV, Kays R, Bontrager H, Bresnan C, Lasky M, Frerichs T, Klann R, Lee TE, Crockett SC, Crupi AP, Weiss KCB, Rowe H, Sprague T, Schipper J, Tellez C, Lepczyk CA, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, LaPoint S, Williamson J, Fisher-Reid MC, King SM, Bebko AJ, Chrysafis P, Jensen AJ, Jachowski DS, Sands J, MacCombie KA, Herrera DJ, van der Merwe M, Knowles TW, Horan RV, Rentz MS, Brandt LSE, Nagy C, Barton BT, Thompson WC, Maher SP, Darracq AK, Hess G, Parsons AW, Wells B, Roemer GW, Hernandez CJ, Gompper ME, Webb SL, Vanek JP, Lafferty DJR, Bergquist AM, Hubbard T, Forrester T, Clark D, Cincotta C, Favreau J, Facka AN, Halbur M, Hammerich S, Gray M, Rega-Brodsky CC, Durbin C, Flaherty EA, Brooke JM, Coster SS, Lathrop RG, Russell K, Bogan DA, Cliché R, Shamon H, Hawkins MTR, Marks SB, Lonsinger RC, O'Mara MT, Compton JA, Fowler M, Barthelmess EL, Andy KE, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Kautz TM, Scognamillo DG, Schalk CM, Leslie MS, Nasrallah SL, Ellison CN, Ruthven C, Fritts S, Tleimat J, Gay M, Whittier CA, Neiswenter SA, Pelletier R, DeGregorio BA, Kuprewicz EK, Davis ML, Dykstra A, Mason DS, Baruzzi C, Lashley MA, Risch DR, Price MR, Allen ML, Whipple LS, Sperry JH, Hagen RH, Mortelliti A, Evans BE, Studds CE, Sirén APK, Kilborn J, Sutherland C, Warren P, Fuller T, Harris NC, Carter NH, Trout E, Zimova M, Giery ST, Iannarilli F, Higdon SD, Revord RS, Hansen CP, Millspaugh JJ, Zorn A, Benson JF, Wehr NH, Solberg JN, Gerber BD, Burr JC, Sevin J, Green AM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Pendergast M, Barnick KA, Edelman AJ, Wasdin JR, Romero A, O'Neill BJ, Schmitz N, Alston JM, Kuhn KM, Lesmeister DB, Linnell MA, Appel CL, Rota C, Stenglein JL, Anhalt-Depies C, Nelson C, Long RA, Jo Jaspers K, Remine KR, Jordan MJ, Davis D, Hernández-Yáñez H, Zhao JY, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2021; 102:e03353. [PMID: 33793977 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August-24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1,509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the United States. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as will future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Cove
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27601, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Helen Bontrager
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Claire Bresnan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Monica Lasky
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Taylor Frerichs
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Renee Klann
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA
| | - Seth C Crockett
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, 99824, USA
| | - Katherine C B Weiss
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Helen Rowe
- McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA
| | - Tiffany Sprague
- McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA
| | - Jan Schipper
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Chelsey Tellez
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Black Rock Forest, 65 Reservoir Road, Cornwall, New York, 12518, USA
| | - Jacque Williamson
- Department of Education & Conservation, Brandywine Zoo-Delaware State Parks, Wilmington, Delaware, 19802, USA
| | - M Caitlin Fisher-Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | - Sean M King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | - Alexandra J Bebko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | | | - Alex J Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA
| | - David S Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA
| | - Joshua Sands
- Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Key Largo, Florida, 33037, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Herrera
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue Alliance, Washington, D.C., 20011, USA
| | - Marius van der Merwe
- Biological Sciences Department, Dixie State University, St. George, Utah, 84770, USA
| | - Travis W Knowles
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, 29502, USA
| | - Robert V Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, 31520, USA
| | - Michael S Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - LaRoy S E Brandt
- Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA
| | | | - Brandon T Barton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Weston C Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Sean P Maher
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897, USA
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, 42071, USA
| | - George Hess
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Arielle W Parsons
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Brenna Wells
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Gary W Roemer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Cristian J Hernandez
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Matthew E Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Stephen L Webb
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma, 73401, USA
| | - John P Vanek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, 60115, USA
| | - Diana J R Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Amelia M Bergquist
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Tru Hubbard
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Tavis Forrester
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA
| | - Darren Clark
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA
| | | | - Jorie Favreau
- Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, 12970, USA
| | - Aaron N Facka
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17110, USA
| | - Michelle Halbur
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | - Steven Hammerich
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | - Morgan Gray
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | | | - Caleb Durbin
- Biology Department, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway, Pittsburg, Kansas, 66762, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jarred M Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Stephanie S Coster
- Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, 23005, USA
| | - Richard G Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Katarina Russell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Daniel A Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, New York, 12211, USA
| | - Rachel Cliché
- Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Brunswick, Vermont, 05905, USA
| | - Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Melissa T R Hawkins
- Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA
- Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Sharyn B Marks
- Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Robert C Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, 1390 College Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N Pine St., Hammond, Louisiana, 70402, USA
| | - Justin A Compton
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA
| | - Melinda Fowler
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA
| | - Erika L Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA
| | - Katherine E Andy
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, 48909, USA
| | - Todd M Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel G Scognamillo
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA
| | - Christopher M Schalk
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA
| | - Matthew S Leslie
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA
| | - Sophie L Nasrallah
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA
| | | | - Chip Ruthven
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, 79248, USA
| | - Sarah Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Jaquelyn Tleimat
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Mandy Gay
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Christopher A Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
| | - Robert Pelletier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Erin K Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Miranda L Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Adrienne Dykstra
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - David S Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcus A Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Derek R Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Melissa R Price
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA
| | - Laura S Whipple
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA
| | - Jinelle H Sperry
- Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign, Illinois, 61826, USA
| | - Robert H Hagen
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Bryn E Evans
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Colin E Studds
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
| | - Alexej P K Sirén
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Jillian Kilborn
- New Hampshire Fish & Game Department, Concord, New Hampshire, 03301, USA
| | - Chris Sutherland
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Paige Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Todd Fuller
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Neil H Carter
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Edward Trout
- Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Marketa Zimova
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sean T Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Fabiola Iannarilli
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Summer D Higdon
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Ronald S Revord
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Christopher P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Adam Zorn
- Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, 44601, USA
| | - John F Benson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Jaylin N Solberg
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Jessica C Burr
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Jennifer Sevin
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA
| | - Austin M Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, İstanbul, Sarıyer, Turkey
| | | | - Kelsey A Barnick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA
| | - Joanne R Wasdin
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA
| | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Noel Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Jesse M Alston
- Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| | - Kellie M Kuhn
- Deparment of Biology, US Air Force Academy, USAFA, Colorado, 80840, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA
| | - Mark A Linnell
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA
| | - Cara L Appel
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Christopher Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stenglein
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA
| | - Christine Anhalt-Depies
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA
| | - Carrie Nelson
- U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, Glidden, Wisconsin, 54527, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark J Jordan
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA
| | - Daniel Davis
- Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20024, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Y Zhao
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
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18
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Chalkowski K, Morgan A, Lepczyk CA, Zohdy S. Spread of An Avian Eye Fluke, Philophthalmus gralli, Through Biological Invasion of An Intermediate Host. J Parasitol 2021; 107:336-348. [PMID: 33906233 DOI: 10.1645/20-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Philophthalmus is a genus of globally distributed parasitic eye flukes with some members of the genus found in disparate locales. In particular, Philophthalmus gralli, a zoonotic trematode, appears to be a relatively new introduction to the Americas, facilitated by spillover from the invasive snails Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) and Tarebia granifera (quilted melania), which were introduced via the aquarium trade, and perhaps furthered by avian dispersal. Given that two known intermediate hosts of Philophthalmus flukes are actively expanding their range as a result of human activities, we hypothesize that this spread is also associated with the spread of Philophthalmus flukes. To address this, we systematically reviewed the literature and examined whether the global expansion of P. gralli flukes is associated with the spread of invasive snails M. tuberculata and T. granifera. Here, we show that (1) specimens of P. gralli are only found in intermediate snail hosts M. tuberculata or T. granifera, suggesting intermediate host specificity for these 2 species, and (2) specimens of P. gralli have rarely been found outside the ranges (native and introduced) of M. tuberculata or T. granifera. Given the importance of distribution information of parasites in the role of identifying parasite invasions, we also review the known distribution of all Philophthalmus species. Considering recent outbreaks in humans and wild and domestic animal species, the continued spread of Philophthalmus presents a potential threat to veterinary and public health and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Chalkowski
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Abigail Morgan
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | | | - Sarah Zohdy
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
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19
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Lepczyk CA. Cats and Conservationists: The Debate Over Who Owns the Outdoors. Dara M.Wald and Anna L.Peterson. 2020. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 158 pp. $19.99 paperback. ISBN: 978‐1‐55753‐887‐1. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Lepczyk CA, Wedding LM, Asner GP, Pittman SJ, Goulden T, Linderman MA, Gang J, Wright R. Advancing Landscape and Seascape Ecology from a 2D to a 3D Science. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Landscape ecology has fundamentally changed the way ecologists view the world through a greater understanding of the links between spatial patterns and ecological processes. Until recently, landscape ecology has been largely a two-dimensional (2D) science focused on the spatial patterning of 2D planar surfaces rather than three-dimensional (3D) structures. Advances in high-resolution remote sensing technologies, such as laser altimetry, acoustic sensors, and photogrammetry now provide the capability to map complex ecosystem structure in three dimensions, creating more structurally realistic models of the environment. In the present article, we focus on high-resolution 3D structure, using terrestrial and marine examples to illustrate how state-of-the-art advances in landscape ecology achieved through novel data fusion, spatial analysis, and geovisualization of environmental data can provide new ecological insights. These examples provide a look to the future in landscape and seascape ecology, where continued progress toward a multidimensional science will fundamentally shift the way we view, explore, and conceptualize the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Wedding
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3QY
| | | | - Simon J Pittman
- Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Goulden
- National Ecological Observatory Network program managed by Battelle 1685 38th Street, Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Marc A Linderman
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jeanne Gang
- Studio Gang and a MacArthur Fellow, 1212 N Ashland Ave, Suite 212, Chicago, IL 60622
| | - Rosalie Wright
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3 QY
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21
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Tucker Williams E, Lepczyk CA, Morse W, Smith M. Stakeholder perspectives towards the use of toxicants for managing wild pigs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246457. [PMID: 33544753 PMCID: PMC7870098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most detrimental invasive mammals in the US. Lack of adequate population control has allowed pigs to become established across the landscape, causing significant ecological and economic damage. Given the need for additional tools for reducing wild pig populations, two toxicants, warfarin and sodium nitrite, are at the forefront of the discussion regarding future wild pig management. However, no research has examined stakeholders' perspectives towards the use of toxicants in wild pig management. Given the lack of knowledge, our goal was to determine stakeholders' perspectives towards the legal use of toxicants for managing wild pigs. We surveyed 1822 individuals from three stakeholder groups (hunters, farmers, and forestland owners) across Alabama during February 2018 using an online survey following the Tailored Design Method. All three stakeholder groups were generally supportive of toxicant use, though their views differed slightly by group. Furthermore, all stakeholder groups were supportive of toxicant purchasing and use regulations, while accidental water contamination, human health impact, and incorrect usage of a toxicant were stakeholders' greatest concerns. These results indicate that these groups would likely be in support of using toxicants for wild pig management in Alabama and could be a model for other states or locations. Consequently, these results have direct implications for shaping policy and possible use of toxicants as a future wild pig management tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellary Tucker Williams
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University,
Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University,
Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Wayde Morse
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University,
Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mark Smith
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University,
Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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22
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Knapp S, Aronson MFJ, Carpenter E, Herrera-Montes A, Jung K, Kotze DJ, La Sorte FA, Lepczyk CA, MacGregor-Fors I, MacIvor JS, Moretti M, Nilon CH, Piana MR, Rega-Brodsky CC, Salisbury A, Threlfall CG, Trisos C, Williams NSG, Hahs AK. A Research Agenda for Urban Biodiversity in the Global Extinction Crisis. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and the global loss of biodiversity necessitate the development of a research agenda that addresses knowledge gaps in urban ecology that will inform policy, management, and conservation. To advance this goal, we present six topics to pursue in urban biodiversity research: the socioeconomic and social–ecological drivers of biodiversity loss versus gain of biodiversity; the response of biodiversity to technological change; biodiversity–ecosystem service relationships; urban areas as refugia for biodiversity; spatiotemporal dynamics of species, community changes, and underlying processes; and ecological networks. We discuss overarching considerations and offer a set of questions to inspire and support urban biodiversity research. In parallel, we advocate for communication and collaboration across many fields and disciplines in order to build capacity for urban biodiversity research, education, and practice. Taken together we note that urban areas will play an important role in addressing the global extinction crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Knapp
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ and formerly with the Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Myla F J Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian MacGregor-Fors
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme in Lahti, Finland
| | - J Scott MacIvor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Moretti
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Max R Piana
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts and the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources at Rutgers University, in Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy K Hahs
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Leong KM, Gramza AR, Lepczyk CA. Understanding conflicting cultural models of outdoor cats to overcome conservation impasse. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1190-1199. [PMID: 32374059 PMCID: PMC7540411 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many conservation conflicts are scientifically complex yet are rooted in value conflicts, which result in an impasse. Additional biological information alone is insufficient to resolve this type of conflict. Conceptual models that articulate the material aspects of a system are increasingly used to identify areas where parties disagree. Yet, modeling processes typically follow the conveners' rules for discussing and assessing the topic, which can exacerbate conflict. Researchers have identified a need for processes that require participants to reflect on the limits of their own philosophical assumptions and acknowledge other perspectives. Cultural models are a promising tool for this purpose because they include nonmaterial beliefs, morals, and values that guide people's understanding of how to interact with an issue, sometimes subconsciously. We explored how cultural models used with conceptual models can improve understanding of value conflicts and used outdoor cat management as a case study. We conducted interviews and focus group discussions with wildlife conservation and cat welfare professionals involved in outdoor cat policy discussions in Hawaii and Washington, D.C. From these conversations, we developed a conceptual model of the outdoor cat management system and cultural models that led stakeholders to weigh elements of the conceptual model differently. Although wildlife conservation professionals generally spoke about outdoor cats as invasive species, cat welfare professionals spoke about them as homeless pets. These conflicting conceptualizations of what an outdoor cat is may help explain the root of many long-standing disagreements. Examining how and when stakeholders invoke different cultural models allowed us to identify management actions that work with, rather than challenge, those models. Dialogue that embraces conflicting cultural models can be difficult and uncomfortable, but has great potential to overcome conservation impasse and achieve lasting conservation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Leong
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176HonoluluHI96818U.S.A.
| | - Ashley R. Gramza
- Arkansas Game & Fish Commission2 Natural Resources Dr.Little RockAR72205U.S.A.
| | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn University3301 SFWS Building, 602 Duncan DriveAuburnAL36849U.S.A.
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24
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Abstract
A critical component of textbooks is fair representation of the material they cover. Within conservation biology, fair coverage is particularly important given Earth’s breadth of species and diversity of ecosystems. However, research on species tends to be biased towards certain taxonomic groups and geographic areas and their associated ecosystems, so it is possible that textbooks may exhibit similar biases. Considering the possibility of bias, our goal was to evaluate contemporary conservation biology textbooks to determine if they are representative of Earth’s biodiversity. We found that textbooks did not accurately reflect Earth’s biodiversity. Species, ecosystems, and continents were unevenly represented, few examples mentioned genetic diversity, and examples of negative human influence on the environment outweighed positive examples. However, in terms of aquatic versus terrestrial representation, textbooks presented a representative sample. Our findings suggest that modern conservation biology textbooks are biased in their coverage, which could have important consequences for educating our next generation of scientists and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Stahl
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Lepczyk CA, Haman KH, Sizemore GC, Farmer C. Quantifying the presence of feral cat colonies and
Toxoplasma gondii
in relation to bird conservation areas on O'ahu, Hawai'i. Conservat Sci and Prac 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine H. Haman
- Washington Department of Fish and WildlifeScience Division Olympia Washington
| | - Grant C. Sizemore
- Invasive Species Programs, American Bird Conservancy Washington District of Columbia
| | - Chris Farmer
- Hawaii Program, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, American Bird Conservancy Hawaii
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26
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Pejchar L, Lepczyk CA, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, Hess SC, Johnson MT, Leopold CR, Marchetti M, McClure KM, Shiels AB. Hawaii as a Microcosm: Advancing the Science and Practice of Managing Introduced and Invasive Species. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Invasive species are a leading driver of global change, with consequences for biodiversity and society. Because of extraordinary rates of endemism, introduction, and extinction, Hawaii offers a rich platform for exploring the cross-disciplinary challenges of managing invasive species in a dynamic world. We highlight key successes and shortcomings to share lessons learned and inspire innovation and action in and beyond the archipelago. We then discuss thematic challenges and opportunities of broad relevance to invaded ecosystems and human communities. Important research needs and possible actions include eradicating mammals from mainland island sanctuaries, assessing hidden threats from poorly known introduced species, harnessing genomic tools to eradicate disease vectors, structured decision-making to achieve common objectives among diverse stakeholders, and enhancing capacity through nontraditional funding streams and progressive legislation. By shining a spotlight on invasive species at the front lines in Hawaii, we hope to catalyze strategic research and practice to help inform scientists and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven C Hess
- US Geological Survey Pacific Islands Ecosystems Research Station, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii
| | - M Tracy Johnson
- US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii
| | | | | | - Katherine M McClure
- University of California Santa Cruz when this project began and is now a postdoctoral fellow at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York
| | - Aaron B Shiels
- USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado
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27
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Chalkowski K, Wilson AE, Lepczyk CA, Zohdy S. Who let the cats out? A global meta-analysis on risk of parasitic infection in indoor versus outdoor domestic cats ( Felis catus). Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180840. [PMID: 30991913 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infection risks in domestic animals may increase as a result of outdoor activities, often leading to transmission events to and from owners, other domestic animals and wildlife. Furthermore, outdoor access has not been quantified in domestic animals as a risk factor with respect to latitude or parasite transmission pathway. Cats are an ideal model to test parasitic infection risk in outdoor animals because there have been many studies analysing this risk factor in this species; and there is a useful dichotomy in cat ownership between indoor-only cats and those with outdoor access. Thus, we used meta-analysis to determine whether outdoor access is a significant risk factor for parasitic infection in domestic pet cats across 19 different pathogens including many relevant to human, domestic animal and wildlife health, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara cati. Cats with outdoor access were 2.77 times more likely to be infected with parasites than indoor-only cats. Furthermore, absolute latitude trended towards significance such that each degree increase in absolute latitude increased infection likelihood by 4%. Thus, restricting outdoor access can reduce the risk of parasitic infection in cats and reduce the risk of zoonotic parasite transmission, spillover to sympatric wildlife and negative impacts on feline health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Chalkowski
- 1 School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 , USA
| | - Alan E Wilson
- 2 School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 , USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- 1 School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 , USA
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- 1 School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 , USA.,3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 , USA
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28
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Chalkowski K, Lepczyk CA, Zohdy S. Parasite Ecology of Invasive Species: Conceptual Framework and New Hypotheses. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:655-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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29
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Nong DH, Lepczyk CA, Miura T, Fox JM. Quantifying urban growth patterns in Hanoi using landscape expansion modes and time series spatial metrics. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196940. [PMID: 29734346 PMCID: PMC5937787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization has been driven by various social, economic, and political factors around the world for centuries. Because urbanization continues unabated in many places, it is crucial to understand patterns of urbanization and their potential ecological and environmental impacts. Given this need, the objectives of our study were to quantify urban growth rates, growth modes, and resultant changes in the landscape pattern of urbanization in Hanoi, Vietnam from 1993 to 2010 and to evaluate the extent to which the process of urban growth in Hanoi conformed to the diffusion-coalescence theory. We analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and dynamics of the built-up land in Hanoi using landscape expansion modes, spatial metrics, and a gradient approach. Urbanization was most pronounced in the periods of 2001–2006 and 2006–2010 at a distance of 10 to 35 km around the urban center. Over the 17 year period urban expansion in Hanoi was dominated by infilling and edge expansion growth modes. Our findings support the diffusion-coalescence theory of urbanization. The shift of the urban growth areas over time and the dynamic nature of the spatial metrics revealed important information about our understanding of the urban growth process and cycle. Furthermore, our findings can be used to evaluate urban planning policies and aid in urbanization issues in rapidly urbanizing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong H. Nong
- Faculty of Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
- East-West Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
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30
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Lepczyk CA. Why Birds Matter: Avian Ecological Function and Ecosystem Services. Çağan H.Şekercioğlu, Daniel G.Wenny, and Christopher J.Whelan, editors.
2016.
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
Illinois. 368 pp. $45.00 paperback. ISBN: 978-0-226-38263-0. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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La Sorte FA, Lepczyk CA, Aronson MFJ, Goddard MA, Hedblom M, Katti M, MacGregor‐Fors I, Mörtberg U, Nilon CH, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Yang J. The phylogenetic and functional diversity of regional breeding bird assemblages is reduced and constricted through urbanization. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myla F. J. Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Mark A. Goddard
- Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds UK
| | - Marcus Hedblom
- Department of Swedish Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Madhusudan Katti
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Chancellor's Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Ian MacGregor‐Fors
- Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Xalapa México
| | - Ulla Mörtberg
- Environmental Management and Assessment Research Group KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Charles H. Nilon
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - Paige S. Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | | | - Jun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China
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32
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Clukey KE, Lepczyk CA, Balazs GH, Work TM, Li QX, Bachman MJ, Lynch JM. Persistent organic pollutants in fat of three species of Pacific pelagic longline caught sea turtles: Accumulation in relation to ingested plastic marine debris. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:402-411. [PMID: 28806556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to eating contaminated prey, sea turtles may be exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from ingesting plastic debris that has absorbed these chemicals. Given the limited knowledge about POPs in pelagic sea turtles and how plastic ingestion influences POP exposure, our objectives were to: 1) provide baseline contaminant levels of three species of pelagic Pacific sea turtles; and 2) assess trends of contaminant levels in relation to species, sex, length, body condition and capture location. In addition, we hypothesized that if ingesting plastic is a significant source of POP exposure, then the amount of ingested plastic may be correlated to POP concentrations accumulated in fat. To address our objectives we compared POP concentrations in fat samples to previously described amounts of ingested plastic from the same turtles. Fat samples from 25 Pacific pelagic sea turtles [2 loggerhead (Caretta caretta), 6 green (Chelonia mydas) and 17 olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) turtles] were analyzed for 81 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 20 organochlorine pesticides, and 35 brominated flame-retardants. The olive ridley and loggerhead turtles had higher ΣDDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites) than ΣPCBs, at a ratio similar to biota measured in the South China Sea and southern California. Green turtles had a ratio close to 1:1. These pelagic turtles had lower POP levels than previously reported in nearshore turtles. POP concentrations were unrelated to the amounts of ingested plastic in olive ridleys, suggesting that their exposure to POPs is mainly through prey. In green turtles, concentrations of ΣPCBs were positively correlated with the number of plastic pieces ingested, but these findings were confounded by covariance with body condition index (BCI). Green turtles with a higher BCI had eaten more plastic and also had higher POPs. Taken together, our findings suggest that sea turtles accumulate most POPs through their prey rather than marine debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Clukey
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States; Auburn University, School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - George H Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Thierry M Work
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Melannie J Bachman
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Kaneohe, HI, United States.
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Lepczyk CA. Invasive Species in a Globalized World: Ecological, Social, & Legal Perspectives on Policy. Reuben P.Keller, Marc W.Cadotte, and GlennSandiford, editors. 2015. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 416 pp. $45.00 paperback. ISBN: 97802261661. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mtui DT, Lepczyk CA, Chen Q, Miura T, Cox LJ. Assessing multi-decadal land-cover - land-use change in two wildlife protected areas in Tanzania using Landsat imagery. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185468. [PMID: 28957397 PMCID: PMC5619789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape change in and around protected areas is of concern worldwide given the potential impacts of such change on biodiversity. Given such impacts, we sought to understand the extent of changes in different land-cover types at two protected areas, Tarangire and Katavi National Parks in Tanzania, over the past 27 years. Using Maximum Likelihood classification procedures we derived eight land-cover classes from Landsat TM and ETM+ images, including: woody savannah, savannah, grassland, open and closed shrubland, swamp and water, and bare land. We determined the extent and direction of changes for all land-cover classes using a post-classification comparison technique. The results show declines in woody savannah and increases in barren land and swamps inside and outside Tarangire National Park and increases in woody savannah and savannah, and declines of shrubland and grassland inside and outside Katavi National Park. The decrease of woody savannah was partially due to its conversion into grassland and barren land, possibly caused by human encroachment by cultivation and livestock. Based upon these changes, we recommend management actions to prevent detrimental effects on wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devolent T Mtui
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Geography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Linda J Cox
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, United States of America
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35
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Lepczyk CA, Aronson MFJ, Evans KL, Goddard MA, Lerman SB, MacIvor JS. Biodiversity in the City: Fundamental Questions for Understanding the Ecology of Urban Green Spaces for Biodiversity Conservation. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Clukey KE, Lepczyk CA, Balazs GH, Work TM, Lynch JM. Investigation of plastic debris ingestion by four species of sea turtles collected as bycatch in pelagic Pacific longline fisheries. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 120:117-125. [PMID: 28487057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of marine debris is an established threat to sea turtles. The amount, type, color and location of ingested plastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of 55 sea turtles from Pacific longline fisheries from 2012 to 2016 were quantified, and compared across species, turtle length, body condition, sex, capture location, season and year. Six approaches for quantifying amounts of ingested plastic strongly correlated with one another and included: number of pieces, mass, volume and surface area of plastics, ratio of plastic mass to body mass, and percentage of the mass of gut contents consisting of plastic. All olive ridley (n=37), 90% of green (n=10), 80% of loggerhead (n=5) and 0% of leatherback (n=3) turtles had ingested plastic; green turtles ingested significantly more than olive ridleys. Most debris was in the large intestines. No adverse health impacts (intestinal lesions, blockage, or poor body condition) due directly to plastic ingestion were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Clukey
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Auburn University, School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - George H Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Thierry M Work
- National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, U.S. Geological Survey, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Kaneohe, HI, United States.
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Aronson MFJ, Nilon CH, Lepczyk CA, Parker TS, Warren PS, Cilliers SS, Goddard MA, Hahs AK, Herzog C, Katti M, La Sorte FA, Williams NSG, Zipperer W. Hierarchical filters determine community assembly of urban species pools. Ecology 2017; 97:2952-2963. [PMID: 27870023 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The majority of humanity now lives in cities or towns, with this proportion expected to continue increasing for the foreseeable future. As novel ecosystems, urban areas offer an ideal opportunity to examine multi-scalar processes involved in community assembly as well as the role of human activities in modulating environmental drivers of biodiversity. Although ecologists have made great strides in recent decades at documenting ecological relationships in urban areas, much remains unknown, and we still need to identify the major ecological factors, aside from habitat loss, behind the persistence or extinction of species and guilds of species in cities. Given this paucity of knowledge, there is an immediate need to facilitate collaborative, interdisciplinary research on the patterns and drivers of biodiversity in cities at multiple spatial scales. In this review, we introduce a new conceptual framework for understanding the filtering processes that mold diversity of urban floras and faunas. We hypothesize that the following hierarchical series of filters influence species distributions in cities: (1) regional climatic and biogeographical factors; (2) human facilitation; (3) urban form and development history; (4) socioeconomic and cultural factors; and (5) species interactions. In addition to these filters, life history and functional traits of species are important in determining community assembly and act at multiple spatial scales. Using these filters as a conceptual framework can help frame future research needed to elucidate processes of community assembly in urban areas. Understanding how humans influence community structure and processes will aid in the management, design, and planning of our cities to best support biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myla F J Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Charles H Nilon
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Tommy S Parker
- Ecological Research Center, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Paige S Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Sarel S Cilliers
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Mark A Goddard
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Amy K Hahs
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, c/o School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Cecilia Herzog
- Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Madhusudan Katti
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Chancellor's Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Frank A La Sorte
- Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Nicholas S G Williams
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, c/o School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, 3121, Australia
| | - Wayne Zipperer
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
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Wald DM, Lohr CA, Lepczyk CA, Jacobson SK, Cox LJ. A comparison of cat-related risk perceptions and tolerance for outdoor cats in Florida and Hawaii. Conserv Biol 2016; 30:1233-1244. [PMID: 26687565 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Risk perceptions and attitudes toward animals often explain tolerance for wildlife and management preferences. However, little is understood about how these relationships vary across different geographic regions and stakeholder groups. To address this gap in knowledge, we compared differences in acceptance capacity, risk perceptions, perceived enjoyment from outdoor cats, and experiences with outdoor cats among 3 groups (general public, conservation community, and animal-welfare community) in Hawaii and Florida, two states with large conservation challenges. We combined independently collected data from Florida and Hawaii, to determine how perception of the risks presented by outdoor cats, group membership, and state of residence influenced people's tolerance for outdoor cats. Florida respondents were significantly more tolerant of outdoor cats and less concerned about cat-related risks than Hawaii respondents (p < 0.05). In both states, animal-welfare group members reported greater enjoyment seeing cats and perceived a smaller increase in the cat population and lower levels of risk than other groups (p < 0.05). All groups exhibited similar relationships between acceptance capacity and enjoyment and the perceived increase in the cat population. Our results suggest public tolerance for cats varied due to the influence of local or geographical concerns, but that strongly held beliefs, risk perceptions, and feelings about cats explained more of the variance in stakeholder tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara M Wald
- Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, 214 Hamilton Hall, 613 Wallace Road, Ames, IA, 50011-4010, U.S.A..
| | - Cheryl A Lohr
- 12 Wardong Pl, Wannerro, Western Australia, 6065, Australia
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - Susan K Jacobson
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, P.O. Box 110430, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, U.S.A
| | - Linda J Cox
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources, 1910 East-West Road, Sherman 101, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, U.S.A
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Hall CM, Adams NA, Bradley JS, Bryant KA, Davis AA, Dickman CR, Fujita T, Kobayashi S, Lepczyk CA, McBride EA, Pollock KH, Styles IM, van Heezik Y, Wang F, Calver MC. Community Attitudes and Practices of Urban Residents Regarding Predation by Pet Cats on Wildlife: An International Comparison. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151962. [PMID: 27050447 PMCID: PMC4822884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
International differences in practices and attitudes regarding pet cats' interactions with wildlife were assessed by surveying citizens from at least two cities in Australia, New Zealand, the UK, the USA, China and Japan. Predictions tested were: (i) cat owners would agree less than non-cat owners that cats might threaten wildlife, (ii) cat owners value wildlife less than non-cat owners, (iii) cat owners are less accepting of cat legislation/restrictions than non-owners, and (iv) respondents from regions with high endemic biodiversity (Australia, New Zealand, China and the USA state of Hawaii) would be most concerned about pet cats threatening wildlife. Everywhere non-owners were more likely than owners to agree that pet cats killing wildlife were a problem in cities, towns and rural areas. Agreement amongst non-owners was highest in Australia (95%) and New Zealand (78%) and lowest in the UK (38%). Irrespective of ownership, over 85% of respondents from all countries except China (65%) valued wildlife in cities, towns and rural areas. Non-owners advocated cat legislation more strongly than owners except in Japan. Australian non-owners were the most supportive (88%), followed by Chinese non-owners (80%) and Japanese owners (79.5%). The UK was least supportive (non-owners 43%, owners 25%). Many Australian (62%), New Zealand (51%) and Chinese owners (42%) agreed that pet cats killing wildlife in cities, towns and rural areas was a problem, while Hawaiian owners were similar to the mainland USA (20%). Thus high endemic biodiversity might contribute to attitudes in some, but not all, countries. Husbandry practices varied internationally, with predation highest where fewer cats were confined. Although the risk of wildlife population declines caused by pet cats justifies precautionary action, campaigns based on wildlife protection are unlikely to succeed outside Australia or New Zealand. Restrictions on roaming protect wildlife and benefit cat welfare, so welfare is a better rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Hall
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel A. Adams
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. Stuart Bradley
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kate A. Bryant
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alisa A. Davis
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tsumugi Fujita
- College of Bio-resource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - E. Anne McBride
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth H. Pollock
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Irene M. Styles
- Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Yolanda van Heezik
- Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 54, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ferian Wang
- College of Bio-resource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Michael C. Calver
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Lepczyk CA. Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation. Matthew E.Gompper, editor. 2014. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. 336 pp. $98.50 hardcover. ISBN: 978-0-19-966321-7. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Lepczyk CA. Free-Ranging Cats: Behavior, Ecology, Management. Stephen Spotte. 2014. John Wiley & Sons, Limited, Chichester, United Kingdom. 320 pp. $99.95 hardcover. ISBN: 978-1-118-88401-0. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chynoweth MW, Lepczyk CA, Litton CM, Hess SC, Kellner JR, Cordell S. Home range use and movement patterns of non-native feral goats in a tropical island montane dry landscape. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119231. [PMID: 25807275 PMCID: PMC4373820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in wildlife telemetry and remote sensing technology facilitate studies of broad-scale movements of ungulates in relation to phenological shifts in vegetation. In tropical island dry landscapes, home range use and movements of non-native feral goats (Capra hircus) are largely unknown, yet this information is important to help guide the conservation and restoration of some of the world’s most critically endangered ecosystems. We hypothesized that feral goats would respond to resource pulses in vegetation by traveling to areas of recent green-up. To address this hypothesis, we fitted six male and seven female feral goats with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars equipped with an Argos satellite upload link to examine goat movements in relation to the plant phenology using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Movement patterns of 50% of males and 40% of females suggested conditional movement between non-overlapping home ranges throughout the year. A shift in NDVI values corresponded with movement between primary and secondary ranges of goats that exhibited long-distance movement, suggesting that vegetation phenology as captured by NDVI is a good indicator of the habitat and movement patterns of feral goats in tropical island dry landscapes. In the context of conservation and restoration of tropical island landscapes, the results of our study identify how non-native feral goats use resources across a broad landscape to sustain their populations and facilitate invasion of native plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Chynoweth
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - Creighton M. Litton
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Hess
- U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - James R. Kellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Susan Cordell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, Hawai‘i, United States of America
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Pidgeon AM, Flather CH, Radeloff VC, Lepczyk CA, Keuler NS, Wood EM, Stewart SI, Hammer RB. Systematic temporal patterns in the relationship between housing development and forest bird biodiversity. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1291-1301. [PMID: 24811862 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As people encroach increasingly on natural areas, one question is how this affects avian biodiversity. The answer to this is partly scale-dependent. At broad scales, human populations and biodiversity concentrate in the same areas and are positively associated, but at local scales people and biodiversity are negatively associated with biodiversity. We investigated whether there is also a systematic temporal trend in the relationship between bird biodiversity and housing development. We used linear regression to examine associations between forest bird species richness and housing growth in the conterminous United States over 30 years. Our data sources were the North American Breeding Bird Survey and the 2000 decennial U.S. Census. In the 9 largest forested ecoregions, housing density increased continually over time. Across the conterminous United States, the association between bird species richness and housing density was positive for virtually all guilds except ground nesting birds. We found a systematic trajectory of declining bird species richness as housing increased through time. In more recently developed ecoregions, where housing density was still low, the association with bird species richness was neutral or positive. In ecoregions that were developed earlier and where housing density was highest, the association of housing density with bird species richness for most guilds was negative and grew stronger with advancing decades. We propose that in general the relationship between human settlement and biodiversity over time unfolds as a 2-phase process. The first phase is apparently innocuous; associations are positive due to coincidence of low-density housing with high biodiversity. The second phase is highly detrimental to biodiversity, and increases in housing density are associated with biodiversity losses. The long-term effect on biodiversity depends on the final housing density. This general pattern can help unify our understanding of the relationship of human encroachment and biodiversity response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pidgeon
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, U.S.A..
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Lohr CA, Lepczyk CA, Johnson ED. The islands are different: human perceptions of game species in Hawaii. Environ Manage 2014; 54:814-827. [PMID: 25129387 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-014-0353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hawaii's game animals are all non-native species, which provokes human-wildlife conflict among stakeholders. The management of human-wildlife conflict in Hawaii is further complicated by the discrete nature of island communities. Our goal was to understand the desires and perceived values or impacts of game held by residents of Hawaii regarding six game species [pigs (Sus scrofa), goats (Capra hircus), mouflon (Ovis musimon), axis deer (Axis axis), turkeys (Melagris gallopavo), and doves (Geopelia striata)]. We measured the desired abundance of game on the six main Hawaiian Islands using the potential for conflict index and identified explanatory variables for those desires via recursive partitioning. In 2011 we surveyed 5,407 residents (2,360 random residents and 3,047 pre-identified stakeholders). Overall 54.5 and 27.6 % of the emailed and mailed surveys were returned (n = 1,510). A non-respondent survey revealed that respondents and non-respondents had similar interest in wildlife, and a similar education level. The desired abundance of game differed significantly among stakeholders, species, and islands. The desired abundance scores were higher for axis deer, mouflon, and turkeys compared to pigs, goats or doves. Enjoyment at seeing game and the cultural value of game were widespread explanatory variables for desired abundance. Models for Lanai emphasized the economic value of game, whereas models for Maui identified the potential for game to contaminate soil and water. Models for Oahu and Kauai revealed concern for human health and safety. Given our findings we recommend managers design separate management plans for each island taking into consideration the values of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Lohr
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA,
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Nyaki A, Gray SA, Lepczyk CA, Skibins JC, Rentsch D. Local-scale dynamics and local drivers of bushmeat trade. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1403-14. [PMID: 24975683 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bushmeat management policies are often developed outside the communities in which they are to be implemented. These policies are also routinely designed to be applied uniformly across communities with little regard for variation in social or ecological conditions. We used fuzzy-logic cognitive mapping, a form of participatory modeling, to compare the assumptions driving externally generated bushmeat management policies with perceptions of bushmeat trade dynamics collected from local community members who admitted to being recently engaged in bushmeat trading (e.g., hunters, sellers, consumers). Data were collected during 9 workshops in 4 Tanzanian villages bordering Serengeti National Park. Specifically, we evaluated 9 community-generated models for the presence of the central factors that comprise and drive the bushmeat trade and whether or not models included the same core concepts, relationships, and logical chains of reasoning on which bushmeat conservation policies are commonly based. Across local communities, there was agreement about the most central factors important to understanding the bushmeat trade (e.g., animal recruitment, low income, and scarcity of food crops). These matched policy assumptions. However, the factors perceived to drive social-ecological bushmeat trade dynamics were more diverse and varied considerably across communities (e.g., presence or absence of collaborative law enforcement, increasing human population, market demand, cultural preference). Sensitive conservation issues, such as the bushmeat trade, that require cooperation between communities and outside conservation organizations can benefit from participatory modeling approaches that make local-scale dynamics and conservation policy assumptions explicit. Further, communities' and conservation organizations' perceptions need to be aligned. This can improve success by allowing context appropriate policies to be developed, monitored, and appropriately adapted as new evidence is generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nyaki
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East West Road, Sherman Lab 101, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A
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Lohr CA, Lepczyk CA. Desires and management preferences of stakeholders regarding feral cats in the Hawaiian islands. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:392-403. [PMID: 24372971 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Feral cats are abundant in many parts of the world and a source of conservation conflict. Our goal was to clarify the beliefs and desires held by stakeholders regarding feral cat abundance and management. We measured people's desired abundance of feral cats in the Hawaiian Islands and identified an order of preference for 7 feral cat management techniques. In 2011 we disseminated a survey to 5407 Hawaii residents. Approximately 46% of preidentified stakeholders and 20% of random residents responded to the survey (1510 surveys returned). Results from the potential for conflict index revealed a high level of consensus (86.9% of respondents) that feral cat abundance should be decreased. The 3 most common explanatory variables for respondents' stated desires were enjoyment from seeing feral cats (84%), intrinsic value of feral cats (12%), and threat to native fauna (73%). The frequency with which respondents saw cats and change in the perceived abundance of cats also affected respondent's desired abundance of cats; 41.3% of respondents stated that they saw feral cats daily and 44.7% stated that the cat population had increased in recent years. Other potential environmental impacts of feral cats had little affect on desired abundance. The majority of respondents (78%) supported removing feral cats from the natural environment permanently. Consensus convergence models with data from 1388 respondents who completed the relevant questions showed live capture and lethal injection was the most preferred technique and trap-neuter-release was the least preferred technique for managing feral cats. However, the acceptability of each technique varied among stakeholders. Our results suggest that the majority of Hawaii's residents would like to see effective management that reduces the abundance of feral or free-roaming cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Lohr
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, U.S.A
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Aronson MFJ, La Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Cilliers S, Clarkson B, Dobbs C, Dolan R, Hedblom M, Klotz S, Kooijmans JL, Kühn I, Macgregor-Fors I, McDonnell M, Mörtberg U, Pysek P, Siebert S, Sushinsky J, Werner P, Winter M. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133330. [PMID: 24523278 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of the status and drivers of biodiversity in cities at the global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled the largest global dataset to date of two diverse taxa in cities: birds (54 cities) and plants (110 cities). We found that the majority of urban bird and plant species are native in the world's cities. Few plants and birds are cosmopolitan, the most common being Columba livia and Poa annua. The density of bird and plant species (the number of species per km(2)) has declined substantially: only 8% of native bird and 25% of native plant species are currently present compared with estimates of non-urban density of species. The current density of species in cities and the loss in density of species was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than by non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation of intact vegetation within urban landscapes could support higher concentrations of both bird and plant species. Despite declines in the density of species, cities still retain endemic native species, thus providing opportunities for regional and global biodiversity conservation, restoration and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myla F J Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, , New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, , Ithaca, NY 14850, USA, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, , Columbia, MO 65211, USA, Department of Biology, California State University, , Fresno, CA 93740, USA, School of Biology, University of Leeds, , Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, , Amherst, MA 01003, USA, School of Land and Environment, Department of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne, , 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3070, Australia, Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, c/o School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand, School of Botany and School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, Friesner Herbarium, Butler University, , 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, , Umeå 901 83, Sweden, Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research-UFZ, , Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle 06120, Germany, Vogelbescherming Nederland, , Boulevard 12, B3707 BM, Zeist, The Netherlands, Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología, , A.C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, México, Environmental Management and Assessment Research Group, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, , Stockholm 100 44, Sw
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Lepczyk CA, Conant S, Duffy D, Bird DM, Calver M, Duval FP, Hutchins M, Lohr CA, Loyd KA, Marra PP, Pitt WC, Sizemore G, Sprague R, Temple SA, van Heezik Y, Wallace G. Feral cat management. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:1391-2. [PMID: 24171365 DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.10.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jantz LA, Morishige CL, Bruland GL, Lepczyk CA. Ingestion of plastic marine debris by longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox) in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 2013; 69:97-104. [PMID: 23465573 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastic marine debris affects species on most trophic levels, including pelagic fish. While plastic debris ingestion has been investigated in planktivorous fish in the North Pacific Ocean, little knowledge exists on piscivorous fish. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of occurrence and the composition of ingested plastic marine debris in longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox), a piscivorous fish species captured in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery. Nearly a quarter (47 of 192) of A. ferox sampled contained plastic marine debris, primarily in the form of plastic fragments (51.9%). No relationship existed between size (silhouette area) or amount of plastic marine debris ingested and morphometrics of A. ferox. Although A. ferox are not consumed by humans, they are common prey for fish commercially harvested for human consumption. Further research is needed to determine residence time of ingested plastic marine debris and behavior of toxins associated with plastic debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Jantz
- Pacific Islands Regional Observer Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1110, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.
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Lepczyk CA. Book review: Sources, Sinks and Sustainability. J. Liu, V. Hull, A. T. Morzillo, and J. A. Wiens, editors. 2011. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 525 pp. $138.00 (hard cover) (soft cover). ISBN: 978-0-521-19947-6. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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