Interaction Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Catalase Gene and Catalase Activity Under the Conditions of Oxidative Stress

Catalase (CAT) Gene Family in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): Genome-Wide Identification, Analysis, and Expression Profile in Response to Abiotic Stress

Catalases (CATs) play crucial roles in scavenging H2O2 from reactive oxygen species, controlling the growth and development of plants. So far, genome-wide identification and characterization of CAT genes in oil palm have not been reported. In the present study, five EgCAT genes were obtained through a genome-wide identification approach. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into two subfamilies, with closer genes sharing similar structures. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis demonstrated the conserved nature of intron/exon organization and motifs among the EgCAT genes. Several cis-acting elements related to hormone, stress, and defense responses were identified in the promoter regions of EgCATs. Tissue-specific expression of EgCAT genes in five different tissues of oil palm was also revealed by heatmap analysis using the available transcriptome data. Stress-responsive expression analysis showed that five EgCAT genes were significantly expressed under cold, drought, and salinity stress conditions. Collectively, this study provided valuable information on the oil palm CAT gene family and the validated EgCAT genes can be used as potential candidates for improving abiotic stress tolerance in oil palm and other related crops.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with a Decreased Catalase (CAT) Level, CT Genotypes and the T Allele of the -262 C/T CAT Polymorphism

BACKGROUND

It is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that an insufficient antioxidant defense system composed of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and nonenzymatic molecules, is a key factor triggering oxidative damage in the progression of liver disease. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess whether the level of CAT and -262 C/T polymorphism in the promoter of CAT (rs1001179) are associated with NAFLD.

METHODS

In total, 281 adults (152/129 female/male, aged 65.61 ± 10.44 years) were included in the study. The patients were assigned to an NAFLD group (n = 139) or a group without NAFLD (n = 142) based on the results of an ultrasound, the Hepatic Steatosis Index, and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). CAT levels were determined using an ELISA test, and genomic DNA was extracted via the standard phenol/chloroform-based method and genotyped via RFLP-PCR.

RESULTS

The CAT level was decreased in NAFLD patients (p < 0.001), and an ROC analysis revealed that a CAT level lower than 473.55 U/L significantly increases the risk of NAFLD. In turn, genotyping showed that the CT genotype and the T allele of -262 C/T CAT polymorphism elevate the risk of NAFLD. The diminished CAT level in the NAFLD group correlated with increased FLI, waist circumference and female gender.

CONCLUSION

The obtained results support observations that oxidative damage associated with NAFLD may be the result of a decreased CAT level as a part of the antioxidant defense system.

Association of polymorphisms in the catalase gene with the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES

The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Catalase (CAT) gene and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been reported in several case-control studies. However, their conclusions are conflicting. This study aimed to determine the association between CAT genetic variants and NIHL susceptibility.

METHODS

We searched PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of Science for eligible English and Chinese studies published up to September 26, 2021. Studies reporting primary data that assessed the association between CAT SNPs and NIHL susceptibility were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The odds ratio (OR), 95 % confidence interval (CI), and P value were calculated to assess the strength of the association. Publication bias was explored using funnel plots and Egger's test.

RESULTS

Our meta-analysis included six articles involving 1428 patients and 2162 healthy controls. For rs208679, a significant association was detected in the allele model (A vs. G: OR = 0.81 [95 % CI, 0.67-0.97], P = 0.02) and the dominant model (AA vs. GG + AG: OR = 0.78 [95 % CI, 0.62-0.98], P = 0.03), but not in the heterozygote model, homozygote model, or the recessive model. For rs769217, rs7943316, and rs769214, no significant association was found in any genetic model. No significant publication bias was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The rs208679 may be used in the Chinese population as a risk predictor for NIHL. While the rs769217, rs7943316, and rs769214 polymorphisms were not found to be associated with susceptibility to NIHL. Further studies with a larger population and higher quality are required to update the results.

Improving the productivity of malic acid by alleviating oxidative stress during Aspergillus niger fermentation

BACKGROUND

As an attractive platform chemical, malic acid has been commonly used in the food, feed and pharmaceutical field. Microbial fermentation of biobased sources to produce malic acid has attracted great attention because it is sustainable and environment-friendly. However, most studies mainly focus on improving yield and ignore shortening fermentation time. A long fermentation period means high cost, and hinders the industrial applications of microbial fermentation. Stresses, especially oxidative stress generated during fermentation, inhibit microbial growth and production, and prolong fermentation period. Previous studies have shown that polypeptides could effectively relieve stresses, but the underlying mechanisms were poorly understood.

RESULTS

In this study, polypeptides (especially elastin peptide) addition improves the productivity of malic acid in A. niger, resulting in shortening of fermentation time from 120 to 108 h. Transcriptome and biochemical analyses demonstrated that both antioxidant enzyme-mediated oxidative stress defense system, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and nonenzymatic antioxidant system, such as glutathione, were enhanced in the presence of elastin peptide, suggesting elastin peptide relieving oxidative stresses is involved in many pathways. In order to further investigate the relationship between oxidative stress defense and malic acid productivity, we overexpressed three enzymes (Sod1, CAT, Tps1) related to oxidation resistance in A. niger, respectively, and these resulting strains display varying degree of improvement in malic acid productivity. Especially, the strain overexpressing the Sod1 gene achieved a malate titer of 91.85 ± 2.58 g/L in 96 h, corresponding to a productivity of 0.96 g/L/h, which performs better than elastin peptide addition.

CONCLUSIONS

Our investigation provides an excellent reference for alleviating the stress of the fungal fermentation process and improving fermentation efficiency.

Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Different Preparations from Microbial Waste of the Beer Industry

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of different natural preparations obtained from the yeast biomass of beer industry waste. It was found that the preparations had a valuable biochemical composition, high antioxidant activities, a broad spectrum of immunoactive and essential amino acids, and that their protein and carbohydrate contents varied depending on the extraction stage and solvent. In conclusion, the varied biochemical composition, significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities, the innocuousness of Saccharomyces yeasts for living organisms, suggest that the obtained preparations can be an excellent source of biologically active substances and that their high biological activity presents a considerable potential for animal husbandry, food industry and cosmetics.

Psychoactive drugs citalopram and mirtazapine caused oxidative stress and damage of feeding behavior in Daphnia magna

As the emerging contaminants, the environmental risks of drug-derived pollutants have attracted extensive attention. Citalopram (CTP) and mirtazapine (MTP) are commonly used as modern antidepressant drugs. Previous studies had proved that CTP and MTP entered the aquatic environment, but less reported the negative effects of the drugs on aquatic organisms. Herein, the effects on the feeding rate of Daphnia magna (D. magna) induced by psychotropic drugs CTP and MTP were investigated, which the possible mechanisms were analyzed with the oxidative stress and damage. Generally, the feeding rates of exposed D. magna under all concentrations of CTP and 1.03 mg/L of MTP were significantly decreased after exposure (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The inhibitory effect of CTP on the feeding rate of D. magna was time- and dose-dependent. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were particularly increased in D. magna after CTP and MTP exposure (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The level of antioxidant molecules glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the activity of scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of D. magna were increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In consequence, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), which indicated oxidative damage caused by MTP and CTP, due to the imbalance of antioxidative stress system. These findings indicated that psychoactive drugs posed a high toxic threat to the aquatic organisms, and the aquatic environmental risks caused by using psychoactive drugs deserve more attention.

Clinical Significance of Serum Oxidative Stress Markers to Assess Disease Activity and Severity in Patients With Non-Segmental Vitiligo

Non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive depigmentation of the skin. Oxidative stress (OS) has been proposed as one among the main principal causes in the development and establishment of a sustained autoimmune state in patients with NSV. However, the disease-associated OS biomarkers in clinical practice are not well studied. In this study, we found significantly reduced antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and increased levels of lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidative DNA damage byproduct [8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] in serum of NSV patients compared with healthy controls (HC). Serum TAC, MDA, and 8-OHdG levels were correlated with disease activity in all patients with NSV and much lower in patients receiving conventional treatment in the past 1 year compared to that without treatment. In addition, both serum MDA and 8-OHdG levels were significantly correlated with CXCL10 expression in patients with NSV. And the serum TAC, MDA, and 8-OHdG levels were also correlated with affected body surface area and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index score in patients with NSV. This study demonstrates dysregulated OS status in patients with NSV and provides the evidence that the serum TAC, MDA, and 8-OHdG have a capacity to indicate the activity and severity in patients with NSV.

No evidence for a major effect of three common polymorphisms of the GPx1, MnSOD, and CAT genes on PCOS susceptibility

AIM

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorders. It is proposed that oxidative stress contributes to PCOS susceptibility and its metabolic associations. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of GPx1 (rs1050450), MnSOD (rs4880), and Catalase (rs1001179) variants with PCOS susceptibility, for the first time.

METHODS

In a case-control study, 350 Kurdish female volunteers (175 PCOS patients and 175 healthy controls) from Western Iran were studied. Genotyping for GPx1 and MnSOD were done using PCR-RFLP and for CAT the allele-specific PCR method was used.

RESULTS

The percentage of patients suffering from hirsutism, acne, and acanthosis among patients with PCOS were 44.6%, 30.3%, and 14.9%, respectively. Distribution of alleles among patients suffering from PCOS versus healthy women was 'Pro' (69.1% vs 68.8%) and 'Leu' (31.4% vs 31.2%) for Gpx1, 'Ala' (61.43% vs 56.57%) and 'Val' (38.57% vs 43.43%) for MnSOD, and 'C' (83.43% vs 84.57%) and 'T' (16.57% vs 15.43%) for CAT.

CONCLUSION

GPx1 (rs1050450), MnSOD (rs4880), and CAT (rs1001179) variants might not be a risk factor for PCOS.

The catalase gene promoter and 5'-untranslated region variants lead to altered gene expression and enzyme activity in vitiligo

BACKGROUND

Oxidative stress is considered to be the initial event in the course of vitiligo. The enzyme catalase (CAT) is mainly involved in cellular defence against oxidizing agents through detoxifying H₂ O₂ .

OBJECTIVES

The aims were (i) to assess erythrocyte CAT enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels as well as CAT mRNA expression in skin and blood; (ii) to investigate CAT gene promoter rs7943316, rs1001179, 5'-untranslated region rs1049982, and exon (rs17886350, rs11032709, rs17880442, rs35677492) polymorphisms; and (iii) to perform genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses in patients with vitiligo and controls from Gujarat.

METHODS

CAT activity and LPO levels were measured spectrophotometrically. CAT mRNA levels were estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by the SYBR Green method. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplification-refractory mutation system-PCR analyses.

RESULTS

Patients with vitiligo showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA expression in lesional and nonlesional skin and in blood, with reduced CAT activity compared with that of controls. CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with patients, especially with active and generalized vitiligo, whereas no association was observed for -262G/A and exon polymorphisms. The A_-262 T_-89 C_-20 haplotype with variant alleles was found to be associated with 6·4-fold risk of vitiligo. Genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses revealed that individuals with susceptible genotypes/haplotype for CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA/activity, and only -89A/T polymorphisms showed significantly increased LPO levels compared with wild-type genotypes/haplotype.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study proposes the crucial role of CAT and its allelic variants in oxidative stress-mediated pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Association of the Common Catalase Gene Polymorphism rs1001179 With Glycated Hemoglobin and Plasma Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Patients

Catalase represents perhaps the most effective antioxidant defense in the body under conditions of increased oxidative stress, and rs1001179 (CAT-262C >T) is its most extensively studied gene polymorphism. Using an established PCR-RFLP method for genotyping, we examined the association of rs1001179 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma lipids using univariate analyses with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol abuse as covariates, in a group of dyslipidemic patients from northern Greece. Our results suggest that the TT genotype is a risk factor for increased HbA1c and plasma triglycerides, and that this association is modulated by the BMI and/or age of the patients.

Analysis of the Relationship between Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Their Activity in Post-Traumatic Gonarthrosis

Analysis of polymorphisms of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes SOD1 (G7958A), SOD2 (T58C), CAT (C-262T), and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) in 93 patients with post-traumatic gonarthrosis showed that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism is often associated with heterozygous mutation in catalase gene CAT C-262T. In gonarthrosis, catalase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with CT genotype of the C-262T locus of CAT gene more than 2-fold surpassed that in CC genotype and more than 50% surpassed the normal. Changes in the balance of activity of antioxidant enzymes can affect viability of mononuclear cells.

Modification of the association of bisphenol A with abnormal liver function by polymorphisms of oxidative stress-related genes

Some studies suggested oxidative stress as a possible mechanism for the relation between exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and liver damage. Therefore, we evaluated modification of genetic polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2 or PTGS2), epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2 or MnSOD), which are oxidative stress-related genes, on the relation between exposure to BPA and liver function in the elderly. We assessed the association of visit-to-visit variations in BPA exposure with abnormal liver function by each genotype or haplotype after controlling for age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, exercise, urinary cotinine levels, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol using a GLIMMIX model. A significant association of BPA with abnormal liver function was observed only in participants with COX2 GG genotype at rs5277 (odds ratio (OR)=3.04 and p=0.0231), CAT genotype at rs769218 (OR=4.16 and p=0.0356), CAT CT genotype at rs769217 (OR=4.19 and p=0.0348), SOD2 TT genotype at rs4880 (OR=2.59 and p=0.0438), or SOD2 GG genotype at rs2758331 (OR=2.57 and p=0.0457). Moreover, we also found higher OR values in participants with a pair of G-G haplotypes for COX2 (OR=2.81 and p=0.0384), G-C-A haplotype for EPHX1 (OR=4.63 and p=0.0654), A-T haplotype for CAT (OR=4.48 and p=0.0245), or T-G-A haplotype for SOD2 (OR=2.91 and p=0.0491) compared with those with the other pair of haplotypes for each gene. Furthermore, the risk score composed of 4 risky pair of haplotypes showed interactive effect with BPA on abnormal liver function (p=0.0057). Our study results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of COX2, EPHX1, CAT, and SOD2 modify the association of BPA with liver function.

Genetic Polymorphism of CAT C-262 T and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer, a Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis of the Literatures

Catalase (CAT) activity is likely to be affected by functional polymorphism of C-262 T (rs1001179) in the CAT gene (OMIM: 115500). It is hypothesized that individuals with the lower expressing forms of the CAT polymorphism may be more susceptible to breast cancer. Therefore, the present case-control study and meta-analysis were carried out. The present case-control study consisted of 407 females with breast cancer and a total of 395 healthy female from population matched with patients according to age. Genotypic analysis for the CAT C-262 T polymorphism was determined by PCR. We identified 7 eligible studies, including 10,471 subjects (4,959 patients, and 5,512 healthy controls) in relation to the CAT C-262 T polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Based on the present case-control study, the CT (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66-1.22, P = 0.484) and TT (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.35-1.30, P = 0.245) genotypes were not associated with breast cancer risk compared to the CC genotype. For meta-analysis including all studies, there was significant heterogeneity between studies. The overall ORs of the breast cancer risk were not associated with the CT (Q-statistic = 14.90, df = 6, P < 0.05; OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.92-1.09, P = 0.862) and TT (Q-statistic = 2.57, df = 6, P > 0.05; OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.85-1.24, P = 0.770) genotypes. There was no association between C-262 T polymorphism of the CAT and risk of breast cancer.

Association of the CAT-262C>T polymorphism with asthma in smokers and the nonemphysematous phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND

Catalase (CAT) is a part of the active antioxidant defense system and has been studied with regard to its association with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which are heterogeneous obstructive pulmonary diseases characterized by chronic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that the CAT gene might be involved in the common pathogenesis underlying asthma and COPD.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the association of CAT polymorphisms with specific phenotypes of asthma and COPD to identify the common underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of these 2 diseases.

METHODS

The -262C>T and -21A>T polymorphisms in the CAT gene were genotyped in 493 individuals with asthma, 265 with COPD, and 1,076 healthy controls. Asthmatic patients were categorized according to smoking status (smokers and nonsmokers) and age at onset (early onset and adult onset) as part of a case-control study. In patients with COPD, visual scoring (computed tomographic score) was assessed to determine emphysema severity, which was used to evaluate associations with CAT gene polymorphisms.

RESULTS

Overall, the -262C>T and -21A>T polymorphisms were not associated with asthma. However, the -262CT+TT genotype was significantly associated with adult-onset asthma in smokers (P = .005), and a significant interaction between smoking status and the effect of -262C>T genotype on asthma were observed (P = .01). In patients with COPD, this genotype was significantly associated with a low computed tomographic score (P = .03), which indicates a nonemphysematous type of COPD.

CONCLUSION

The present study indicates that the CAT gene is involved in the common pathogenesis underlying adult-onset asthma in smokers and the nonemphysematous type of COPD.