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Gauthier MM, Hayoz S, Banek CT. Neuroimmune interplay in kidney health and disease: Role of renal nerves. Auton Neurosci 2023; 250:103133. [PMID: 38061177 PMCID: PMC10748436 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Renal nerves and their role in physiology and disease have been a topic of increasing interest in the past few decades. Renal inflammation contributes to many cardiorenal disease conditions, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and polycystic kidney disease. Much is known about the role of renal sympathetic nerves in physiology - they contribute to the regulation of sodium reabsorption, renin release, and renal vascular resistance. In contrast, far less is known about afferent, or "sensory," renal nerves, which convey signals from the kidney to the brain. While much remains unknown about these nerves in the context of normal physiology, even less is known about their contribution to disease states. Furthermore, it has become apparent that the crosstalk between renal nerves and the immune system may augment or modulate disease. Research from other fields, especially pain research, has provided critical insight into neuroimmune crosstalk. Sympathetic renal nerve activity may increase immune cell recruitment, but far less work has been done investigating the interplay between afferent renal nerves and the immune system. Evidence from other fields suggests that inflammation may augment afferent renal nerve activity. Furthermore, these nerves may exacerbate renal inflammation through the release of afferent-specific neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Gauthier
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sebastien Hayoz
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher T Banek
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Soto-Piña AE, Franklin C, Rani CSS, Fernandez E, Cardoso-Peña E, Benítez-Arciniega AD, Gottlieb H, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Strong R. Dexamethasone Causes Hypertension in Rats Even Under Chemical Blockade of Peripheral Sympathetic Nerves. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1305. [PMID: 31866814 PMCID: PMC6909820 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat inflammatory conditions. However, chronic use of GCs can lead to hypertension. The cause of this undesired side effect remains unclear. Previously, we developed an in vivo rat model to study the mechanisms underlying hypertension induced by the chronic administration of the potent synthetic GC, dexamethasone (DEX) and found that the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway plays an important role. In the current study, we used this model to investigate the role of the adrenal medulla, renal nerves, and other peripheral sympathetic nerves in DEX-induced hypertension. After 5 days of baseline telemetric recording of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), rats were subjected to one of the following treatments: renal denervation (RDNX), adrenal medullectomy (ADMX), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce chemical sympathectomy, or a combination of ADMX and 6-OHDA. On day 11, the animals received vehicle (VEH) or DEX in drinking water for 7 days, with the latter causing an increase in MAP in control animals. ADMX and RDNX by themselves exacerbated the pressor effect of DEX. In the chemical sympathectomy group, DEX still caused a rise in MAP but the response was lower (ΔMAP of 6-OHDA/DEX < VEH/DEX, p = 0.039). However, when ΔMAP was normalized to day 10, 6-OHDA + DEX did not show any difference from VEH + DEX, certainly not an increase as observed in DEX + ADMX or RDNX groups. This indicates that sympathetic nerves do not modulate the pressor effect of DEX. TH mRNA levels increased in the adrenal medulla in both VEH/DEX (p = 0.009) and 6-OHDA/DEX (p = 0.031) groups. In the 6-OHDA group, DEX also increased plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) (p = 0.016). Our results suggest that the activation of catecholamine synthetic pathway could be involved in the pressor response to DEX in animals even under chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Franklin
- Feik School of Pharmacy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - C S Sheela Rani
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elías Cardoso-Peña
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 220, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Helmut Gottlieb
- Feik School of Pharmacy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Elnakish MT, Schultz EJ, Gearinger RL, Saad NS, Rastogi N, Ahmed AAE, Mohler PJ, Janssen PML. Differential involvement of various sources of reactive oxygen species in thyroxin-induced hemodynamic changes and contractile dysfunction of the heart and diaphragm muscles. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:252-61. [PMID: 25795514 PMCID: PMC4441845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are key regulators of basal metabolic state and oxidative metabolism. Hyperthyroidism has been reported to cause significant alterations in hemodynamics, and in cardiac and diaphragm muscle functions, all of which have been linked to increased oxidative stress. However, the definite source of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each of these phenotypes is still unknown. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that thyroxin (T4) may produce distinct hemodynamic, cardiac, and diaphragm muscle abnormalities by differentially affecting various sources of ROS. Wild-type and T4 mice with and without 2-week treatments with allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), L-NIO (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), or MitoTEMPO (mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) were studied. Blood pressure and echocardiography were noninvasively evaluated, followed by ex vivo assessments of isolated heart and diaphragm muscle functions. Treatment with L-NIO attenuated the T4-induced hypertension in mice. However, apocynin improved the left-ventricular (LV) dysfunction without preventing the cardiac hypertrophy in these mice. Both allopurinol and MitoTEMPO reduced the T4-induced fatigability of the diaphragm muscles. In conclusion, we show here for the first time that T4 exerts differential effects on various sources of ROS to induce distinct cardiovascular and skeletal muscle phenotypes. Additionally, we find that T4-induced LV dysfunction is independent of cardiac hypertrophy and NADPH oxidase is a key player in this process. Furthermore, we prove the significance of both xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial ROS pathways in T4-induced fatigability of diaphragm muscles. Finally, we confirm the importance of the nitric oxide pathway in T4-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Elnakish
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eric J Schultz
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rachel L Gearinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nancy S Saad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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