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Xiang L, Qiu Z, Zhao R, Zheng Z, Qiao X. Advancement and prospects of production, transport, functional activity and structure-activity relationship of food-derived angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1437-1463. [PMID: 34521280 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1964433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Food-derived antihypertensive peptides have attracted increasing attention in functional foods for health promotion, due to their high biological activity, low toxicity and easy metabolism in the human body. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme that causes the increase in blood pressure in mammals. However, few reviews have summarized the current understanding of ACE inhibitory peptides and their knowledge gaps. This paper focuses on the food origins and production methods of ACE inhibitory peptides. Compared with conventional methods, the advanced technologies and emerging bioinformatics approaches have recently been applied for efficient and targeted release of ACE inhibitory peptides from food proteins. Furthermore, the transport and underlying mechanisms of ACE inhibitory peptides are emphatically described. Molecular modeling and the Michaelis-Menten equation can provide information on how ACE inhibitors function. Finally, we discuss the structure-activity relationships and other bio-functional properties of ACE inhibitory peptides. Molecular weight, hydrophobic amino acid residues, charge, amino acid composition and sequence (especially at the C-terminal and N-terminal) have a significant influence on ACE inhibitory activity. Some studies are required to increase productivity, improve bioavailability of peptides, evaluate their bio-accessibility and efficiency on reducing blood pressure to provide a reference for the development and application of health products and auxiliary treatment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Renjie Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Mesquita TRR, Miguel-dos-Santos R, Jesus ICGD, de Almeida GKM, Fernandes VA, Gomes AAL, Guatimosim S, Martins-Silva L, Ferreira AJ, Capettini LDSA, Pesquero JL, Lauton-Santos S. Ablation of B1- and B2-kinin receptors causes cardiac dysfunction through redox-nitroso unbalance. Life Sci 2019; 228:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nokkari A, Abou-El-Hassan H, Mechref Y, Mondello S, Kindy MS, Jaffa AA, Kobeissy F. Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin system in neurological disorders: Quest for potential biomarkers and mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:26-50. [PMID: 29355711 PMCID: PMC6026079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific neural molecular pathways, different strategies have been geared to target the development and progression of such disorders. The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is among the most delineated candidate systems due to its ubiquitous roles mediating several of the pathophysiological features of these neurological disorders as well as being implicated in regulating various brain functions. Several experimental KKS models revealed that the inhibition or stimulation of the two receptors of the KKS system (B1R and B2R) can exhibit neuroprotective and/or adverse pathological outcomes. This updated review provides background details of the KKS components and their functions in different neurological disorders including temporal lobe epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and glioma. Finally, this work will highlight the putative roles of the KKS components as potential neurotherapeutic targets and provide future perspectives on the possibility of translating these findings into potential clinical biomarkers in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaly Nokkari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mark S Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Al Hariri M, Zibara K, Farhat W, Hashem Y, Soudani N, Al Ibrahim F, Hamade E, Zeidan A, Husari A, Kobeissy F. Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy, Vascular Inflammation and Injury Are Attenuated by Antioxidant Supplementation in an Animal Model. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:397. [PMID: 27881962 PMCID: PMC5101594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking remains a global health epidemic with associated detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on cardiovascular system in an animal model. The study then evaluated the effects of antioxidants (AO), represented by pomegranate juice, on cigarette smoke induced cardiovascular injury. This study aims at evaluating the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on the cardiovascular system of an experimental rat model of smoke exposure. Methods: Adult rats were divided into four different groups: Control, Cigarette smoking (CS), AO, and CS + AO. Cigarette smoke exposure was for 4 weeks (5 days of exposure/week) and AO group received pomegranate juice while other groups received placebo. Assessment of cardiovascular injury was documented by assessing different parameters of cardiovascular injury mediators including: (1) cardiac hypertrophy, (2) oxidative stress, (3) expression of inflammatory markers, (4) expression of Bradykinin receptor 1 (Bdkrb1), Bradykinin receptor 2 (Bdkrb2), and (5) altered expression of fibrotic/atherogenic markers [(Fibronectin (Fn1) and leptin receptor (ObR))]. Results: Data from this work demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure induced cardiac hypertrophy, which was reduced upon administration of pomegranate in CS + AO group. Cigarette smoke exposure was associated with elevation in oxidative stress, significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, TNFα, Fn1, and ObR in rat's aorta. In addition, an increase in aortic calcification was observed after 1 month of cigarette smoke exposure. Furthermore, cigarette smoke induced a significant up regulation in Bdkrb1 expression level. Finally, pomegranate supplementation exhibited cardiovascular protection assessed by the above findings and partly contributed to ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy in cigarette smoke exposed animals. Conclusion: Findings from this work showed that cigarette smoking exposure is associated with significant cardiovascular pathology such as cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, pro-fibrotic, and atherogenic markers and aortic calcification in an animal model as assessed 1 month post exposure. Antioxidant supplementation prevented cardiac hypertrophy and attenuated indicators of atherosclerosis markers associated with cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Al Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Stem Cells, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-1, EDST, Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Wissam Farhat
- ER045, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yasmine Hashem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, EDST, Lebanese UniversityHadath, Lebanon
| | - Farah Al Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Stem Cells, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-1, EDST, Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- ER045, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Stem Cells, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-1, EDST, Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Husari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
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Sharma R, Randhawa PK, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Bradykinin in ischemic conditioning-induced tissue protection: Evidences and possible mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 768:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Regoli D, Gobeil F. Critical insights into the beneficial and protective actions of the kallikrein-kinin system. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 64:1-10. [PMID: 25579779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is characterized by an imbalance between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II AT-1 receptor antagonists (also known as sartans or ARBs) are potent modulators of these systems and are highly effective as first-line treatments for hypertension, diabetic nephropathies, and diseases of the brain and coronary arteries. However, these agents are mechanistically distinct and should not be considered interchangeable. In this mini-review, we provide novel insights into the often neglected roles of the KKS in the beneficial, protective, and reparative actions of ACEIs. Indeed, ACEIs are the only antihypertensive drugs that properly reduce the imbalance between the RAS and the KKS, thereby restoring optimal cardiovascular homeostasis and significantly reducing morbidity and the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals affected by hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Regoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
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