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Weber ADAP, Bulegon JS, de Souza MD, Vendrame SA, Venturini L, Mombaque dos Santos W, Gonçalves TDL. Clinical, demographic and oxidative profile of patients with COVID-19 and disease severity. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115886. [PMID: 36657361 PMCID: PMC9801695 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to profile the clinical progression, demographics, and oxidative status of COVID-19 patients, correlating with disease severity. The study included 143 participants: 93 patients with COVID-19 (28 outpatients, 65 inpatients), and 50 control participants. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was used as an oxidative damage marker. Antioxidant activity was assessed via quantification of Vitamin C, sulfhydryl groups, ferric reduction ability of plasma (FRAP), Uric acid (UA), and evaluation of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) enzymatic activity. Geriatric patients, especially men, with comorbidities such as obesity and/or chronic diseases were more likely to develop the most severe form of COVID-19. The activity of the δ-ALA-D was lower in inpatients, and there was no significant difference with the outpatient. Antioxidants decreased in COVID-19 groups, while lipid peroxidation increased. FRAP and Vitamin C decreased with evolution of the disease. Oxidative stress could be used as a predictor of worsening clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Azambuja Pias Weber
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil,Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 55 32208749; fax: +55 55 3220 8018
| | - Jovana Simonetti Bulegon
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Manoela Dias de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Silmara Ana Vendrame
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thissiane de Lima Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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2
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Kopčil M, Kanďár R. Screening method for the simultaneous determination of allantoin and uric acid from dried blood spots. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 225:115222. [PMID: 36621284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid and its oxidation product allantoin are excellent biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans. Currently, there are high requirements not only for tests monitoring oxidative stress but also for screening laboratory tests in general. The highest demand is imposed on the simplest sampling, easy transport of the sample, and the shortest possible analysis time. The possible solution how to fulfil the requirements is sampling by dried blood spot technique with subsequent HPLC-MS/MS analysis. A fast, sensitive, and reliable HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of uric acid and allantoin from dried blood spots using stable isotopically labelled analogs as internal standards was developed. The separation took place in the reversed phase within 3 min, with protein precipitation and extraction in a one-step procedure. The analytical parameters of the method were satisfactory with an excellent linear range. The presented method was used to determine allantoin and uric acid levels in dried blood spot samples from 100 healthy volunteer donors. The median uric acid concentration in the cohort was 239.3 µmol/L and the median allantoin concentration was 5.6 µmol/L. The presented analytical protocol and method are suitable for screening and monitoring allantoin and uric acid levels as biomarkers of oxidative stress in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kopčil
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology, The University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kanďár
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology, The University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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3
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Möller M, Orrico F, Villar S, López AC, Silva N, Donzé M, Thomson L, Denicola A. Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Redox Biochemistry of Human Red Blood Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:147-168. [PMID: 36643550 PMCID: PMC9835686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are exposed to both external and internal sources of oxidants that challenge their integrity and compromise their physiological function and supply of oxygen to tissues. Autoxidation of oxyhemoglobin is the main source of endogenous RBC oxidant production, yielding superoxide radical and then hydrogen peroxide. In addition, potent oxidants from other blood cells and the surrounding endothelium can reach the RBCs. Abundant and efficient enzymatic systems and low molecular weight antioxidants prevent most of the damage to the RBCs and also position the RBCs as a sink of vascular oxidants that allow the body to maintain a healthy circulatory system. Among the antioxidant enzymes, the thiol-dependent peroxidase peroxiredoxin 2, highly abundant in RBCs, is essential to keep the redox balance. A great part of the RBC antioxidant activity is supported by an active glucose metabolism that provides reducing power in the form of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway. There are several RBC defects and situations that generate oxidative stress conditions where the defense mechanisms are overwhelmed, and these include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies (favism), hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, as well as packed RBCs for transfusion that suffer from storage lesions. These oxidative stress-associated pathologies of the RBCs underline the relevance of redox balance in these anucleated cells that lack a mechanism of DNA-inducible antioxidant response and rely on a complex and robust network of antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias
N. Möller
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián
F. Villar
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ana C. López
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Silva
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento
de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Marcel Donzé
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Miyamoto D, Sato N, Nagata K, Sakai Y, Sugihara H, Ohashi Y, Stiburkova B, Sebesta I, Ichida K, Okamoto K. Analysis of Purine Metabolism to Elucidate the Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury in Renal Hypouricemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071584. [PMID: 35884889 PMCID: PMC9312704 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal hypouricemia is a disease caused by the dysfunction of renal urate transporters. This disease is known to cause exercise-induced acute kidney injury, but its mechanism has not yet been established. To analyze the mechanism by which hypouricemia causes renal failure, we conducted a semi-ischemic forearm exercise stress test to mimic exercise conditions in five healthy subjects, six patients with renal hypouricemia, and one patient with xanthinuria and analyzed the changes in purine metabolites. The results showed that the subjects with renal hypouricemia had significantly lower blood hypoxanthine levels and increased urinary hypoxanthine excretion after exercise than healthy subjects. Oxidative stress markers did not differ between healthy subjects and hypouricemic subjects before and after exercise, and no effect of uric acid as a radical scavenger was observed. As hypoxanthine is a precursor for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production via the salvage pathway, loss of hypoxanthine after exercise in patients with renal hypouricemia may cause ATP loss in the renal tubules and consequent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (D.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Nana Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (N.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (N.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Yukinao Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (D.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan;
| | - Yuki Ohashi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Blanka Stiburkova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivan Sebesta
- Institute of Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 11000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.I.)
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (N.S.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-5035
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Andries A, Feyaerts A, Mekahli D, Van Schepdael A. Quantification of allantoin and other metabolites of the purine degradation pathway in human plasma samples using a newly developed HILIC‐LC‐MS/MS method. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1010-1018. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmin Andries
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Pharmaceutical Analysis KU Leuven – University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Alan Feyaerts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Pharmaceutical Analysis KU Leuven – University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Development and Regeneration Laboratory of Pediatrics KU Leuven – University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Pharmaceutical Analysis KU Leuven – University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Xu L, Yang H, Wan X, Zhang X, Yang Z, Wang Z. Effects of High-Frequency Electrical Stunning Current Intensities on Pre-Slaughter Stunning Stress and Meat Lipid Oxidation in Geese. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082376. [PMID: 34438833 PMCID: PMC8388680 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary China produces the largest number of meat-producing geese in the world. However, few studies have investigated the effects of electrical stunning parameters on stunning stress or meat lipid oxidation in geese. We aimed to evaluate the stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation in geese stunned at a high electrical frequency level with different electrical current intensities in a water bath. Stunning the geese at 40 mA resulted in the minimum stunning stress based on the gene expression and hormones released in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Stunning geese with 40 mA resulted in low stunning stress and lipid oxidation in breast meat (d 2), with moderate antioxidant capacity in the meat of the breast (d 2) and thigh (d 0) as compared with 100 mA. A combination of 40 mA, 500 Hz, 10 s per bird is suitable for the electrical stunning of geese and for the alleviation of stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation. This study may help to alleviate stunning stress and improve meat quality in the geese production industry. Abstract Intensive slaughtering with electrical stunning (ES) is replacing traditional manual slaughtering of geese in China. This study aimed to assess stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation in geese stunned by high-frequency current intensities. Forty male Yangzhou geese, 92 days old, were randomly allocated into five treatments with eight replicates per treatment. The geese in the control group were not stunned, while the other birds were stunned by alternating current (AC) in a water bath. Each bird received a current intensity of 20 mA (E20mA), 40 mA (E40mA), 70 mA (E70mA), or 100 mA (E100mA) for 10 s at 500 Hz. The gene expression of c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 tended to decrease in the E40mA birds (p = 0.08). Stunning with 40 mA resulted in the maximum serum uric acid and urea among the ES groups and decreased serum adrenocorticotropin and creatine kinase (p < 0.01) compared with 70 mA and 100 mA. Increasing the current intensity reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical elimination ability and total-superoxide dismutase linearly in goose breast meat at d 2 and in thigh meat at d 0 (all p < 0.01). Stunning geese with 40 mA at 500 Hz for 10 s could alleviate stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.X.); (H.Y.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.X.); (H.Y.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.X.); (H.Y.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.X.); (H.Y.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhi Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.X.); (H.Y.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-8797-9045
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Côté JM, Bérubé AA, Bollée G. Association of Hyperuricemia With Acute Kidney Injury: Case Series Report Among Patients Hospitalized With General Tonic-Clonic Seizures. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2020; 7:2054358120977386. [PMID: 33343911 PMCID: PMC7727036 DOI: 10.1177/2054358120977386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Urate nephropathy is a rare cause of acute kidney injury. Although most risk factors are associated with chemotherapy, tumor lysis syndrome or rhabdomyolysis, occurrence following severe seizure has also been reported. Uric acid measurement following convulsion is rarely performed and, therefore, the incidence of hyperuricemia in this context is unknown. Objective: The objective is to present a case of urate nephropathy following generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) and to investigate the kinetics of serum uric acid and creatinine levels in a series of patients admitted for severe seizures. Design: Retrospective case report and prospective case series. Setting: Emergency room department and neurology unit of a tertiary care hospital. Patients: The study included 13 hospitalized patients for severe GTCS. Measurements: Type, timing, and duration of seizure episodes were documented. Demographic data, weight, hypouricemic therapy, and baseline serum creatinine were recorded. Blood samples (uric acid, creatinine, blood gas, lactate, and creatinine kinase) and urine samples (uric acid, creatinine, and dipstick) were prospectively collected at Day 0, 1, 2, and 3 following the GTCS episode. Methods: We identified and described one rare case of urate nephropathy following GTCS. Then, we presented the kinetic of uric acid and creatinine levels and the acute kidney injury incidence over the follow-up period. All analyses were using descriptive statistics. Results: During the study period, 13 patients with a median tonic-clonic seizure duration of 5.0 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0–12.5) were included. From day 0 to day 3, the median serum uric acid level decreased from 346.0 µmol/L (IQR, 155.0–377.5) to 178.0 µmol/L (IQR, 140.0–297.5) and median serum creatinine from 73.0 µmol/L (IQR, 51.0–80.0) to 57.0 µmol/L (IQR, 44.0–70.0). Acute kidney injury occurred in four patients. Limitations: This is a single-center observational study with small sample size, which does not allow us to demonstrate causality between the increase of uric acid levels observed and the occurrence of acute kidney injury. A delay between the first sampling and seizure episodes was observed and could explain the limited increase of uric acid levels captured. Conclusions: There is a signal for an acute increase of uric acid levels following a severe seizure before returning to baseline within 3 days. During that period, there might be an increased risk of acute kidney injury, although these changes seem to be usually mild and reversible. Our findings suggest that routine serum uric acid measurement in patients presenting with GTCS could help to identify those patients at risk of developing acute kidney injury as a result of acute hyperuricemia. Further larger studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of such screening in acute kidney injury prevention. Trial Registration: As an observational noninterventional study, no registration was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Maxime Côté
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Clinical Research Centre, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arline-Aude Bérubé
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bollée
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
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Rapid and reliable HILIC-MS/MS method for monitoring allantoin as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Anal Biochem 2020; 589:113509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nass RD, Zur B, Elger CE, Holdenrieder S, Surges R. Acute metabolic effects of tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsia Open 2019; 4:599-608. [PMID: 31819916 PMCID: PMC6885665 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tonic-clonic seizures (TCS) lead to metabolic stress and changes in related blood markers. Such markers may indicate harmful conditions but can also help to identify TCS as a cause of transient loss of consciousness. In this study, we hypothesized that the alterations of circulating markers of metabolic stress depend on the clinical features of TCS. METHODS Ninety-one adults undergoing video-EEG monitoring participated in this prospective study. Electrolytes, renal parameters, creatine kinase (CK), prolactin (PRL), lactate, ammonia, glucose, and other parameters were measured at inclusion and different time points after TCS. RESULTS A total of 39 TCS were recorded in 32 patients (six generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures in 6 and 33 focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures in 26 patients). Shortly after TCS, mean lactate, ammonia, and PRL levels were significantly increased 8.7-fold, 2.6-fold, and 5.1-fold, respectively, with levels of more than twofold above the upper limits of the normal (ULN) in 90%, 71%, and 70% of the TCS and returned to baseline levels within 2 hours. Only postictal lactate levels were significantly correlated with the total duration of the tonic-clonic phase. In contrast, CK elevations above the ULN were found in three TCS (~10%) only with a peak after 48 hours. Immediately after the TCS, hyperphosphatemia occurred in one third of the patients, whereas hypophosphatemia was observed in one third 2 hours later. TCS led to subtle but significant alterations of other electrolytes, creatinine, and uric acid, whereas glucose levels were moderately increased. SIGNIFICANCE Lactate is a robust metabolic marker of TCS with elevations found in ~90% of cases within 30 minutes after seizure termination, whereas ammonia rises in ~ 70%, similarly to PRL. Phosphate levels show an early increase and a decrease 2 hours after TCS in a third of patients. CK elevations are rare after video-EEG-documented TCS, challenging its value as a diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Nass
- Department of EpileptologyUniversity of Bonn Medical CenterBonnGermany
| | - Berndt Zur
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Bonn Medical CenterBonnGermany
| | | | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Bonn Medical CenterBonnGermany
- Institute for Laboratory MedicineGerman Heart Centre MunichMunichGermany
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of EpileptologyUniversity of Bonn Medical CenterBonnGermany
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Effect of astaxanthin and exercise on antioxidant capacity of human body, blood lactic acid and blood uric acid metabolism. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Zhao G, Zhai X, Qu M, Tong C, Li W. Sulfated modification of the polysaccharides from Crassostrea gigas and their antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities through metabolomics analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:386-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Allantoin reduces cell death induced by cisplatin: possible implications for tumor lysis syndrome management. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:547-562. [PMID: 31030325 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Massive lysis of tumor mass in cancer patients under chemotherapy regimens generates high levels of uric acid, leading to what is known as tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase, converts urate to allantoin, which is readily excreted by the kidneys. Even though there is a high production of allantoin from urate in cancer patients following rasburicase treatment, there are no studies on how allantoin excess could interfere with chemotherapy. We have evaluated allantoin interference with cisplatin efficiency on the lung cancer cell line H460 in vitro. The cells were treated with cisplatin (33 µM), with or without allantoin, for 48 h, in the presence or absence of UV light, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for 24 h. Cell viability, cell cycle, ROS production, apoptosis and immunoblot assays were performed. We showed that allantoin reduced the apoptosis induced by cisplatin in the H460 cell line. However, the activity of carboplatin and oxaliplatin, betulinic acid, TIBA, UV and H2O2 was not affected by allantoin. NMR spectroscopy showed that allantoin reduces cisplatin activity through direct interaction with cisplatin.
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13
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Effect of exercise on glucose variability in healthy subjects: randomized crossover trial. Biol Sport 2019; 36:141-148. [PMID: 31223191 PMCID: PMC6561229 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.83006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of aerobic (AER) and eccentric (ECC) exercise on glucose variability, correlating it with circulating markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy subjects. Sixteen healthy subjects (32 ± 12 years old) wore a continuous glucose monitoring system for three days. Participants randomly performed single AER and ECC exercise sessions. Glucose variability was evaluated by glucose variance (VAR), glucose coefficient of variation (CV%) and glucose standard deviation (SD). Blood samples were collected to evaluate inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. When compared with the pre-exercise period of 0-6 h, all the indices of glucose variability presented comparable reductions 12-18 h after both exercises (∆AER: VAR= 151.5, ∆CV% = 0.55 and ∆SD = 3.1 and ECC: ∆VAR = 221.2 , ∆CV% = 3.7 and ∆SD = 6.5). Increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels after AER (68.5%) and ECC (30.8%) (P<0.001) were observed, with no differences between sessions (P = 0.459). Uric acid levels were increased after exercise sessions (3% in AER and 4% in ECC, P = 0.001). In conclusion, both AER and ECC exercise sessions reduced glucose variability in healthy individuals. Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and stress oxidative markers might play a role in underlying mechanisms modulating the glucose variability responses to exercise (clinicalTrials.gov NCT02262208).
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Metabolomic analysis reveals a protective effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao herbal granules on oxalate-induced kidney injury. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181833. [PMID: 30737304 PMCID: PMC6386768 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is one of the world’s major public health burdens with a high incidence and a risk of persistent renal dysfunction. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao granules (FFJQC), a traditional Chinese herb formula, is commonly used in treatment of nephrolithiasis. However, the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney stone has still been a mystery. The objective of the present study is to explore the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney injury and identify unique metabolomics patterns using a mouse model of kidney stone induced by a calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition. Von Kossa staining and immuno-histopathological staining of osteopontin (OPN), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and calbindin-D28k were conducted on renal sections. Biochemical analysis was performed on serum, urine, and kidney tissues. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-HPLC coupled with quadrupole-TOF-MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for serum metabolic profiling. The immunohistopathological and biochemical analysis showed the therapeutic benefits of FFJQC. The expression levels of OPN and CD44 were decreased while calbindin-D28k increased after the CaOx injured mice were treated with FFJQC. In addition, total of 81 serum metabolites were identified to be associated with protective effects of FFJQC on CaOx crystal injured mice. Most of these metabolites were involved in purine, amino acid, membrane lipid and energy metabolism. Potential metabolite biomarkers were found for CaOx crystal-induced renal damage. Potential metabolite biomarkers of CaOx crystal-induced renal damage were found. FFJQC shows therapeutic benefits on CaOx crystal injured mice via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including amino acids, purine, pyrimidine, glycerolipid, arachidonic acid (AA), sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and fatty acid.
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Haldar S, Pakkiri LS, Lim J, Chia SC, Ponnalagu S, Drum CL, Henry CJ. Reductions in Postprandial Plasma Allantoin Concentrations With Increasing Doses of Polyphenol Rich Curry Intake - A Randomized Crossover Trial. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1899. [PMID: 30687117 PMCID: PMC6333854 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While dietary or supplementary antioxidants are thought to inhibit or delay oxidation of biological molecules, their utility in vivo has been marred by equivocal evidence. Consumption of polyphenol rich foods has been thought to alleviate postprandial oxidative stress and/or improve endothelial function. Although, previous studies suggested the utility of allantoin as a biomarker of oxidative stress, controlled dose response studies with dietary antioxidants to test this in humans have been limited. We therefore investigated the effects of 2 doses of polyphenol rich curry consumption on postprandial plasma concentrations of allantoin, allantoin to uric acid ratio, F2-isoprostanes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS) and measured endothelial function using peripheral arterial tonometry (endoPAT). In a randomized controlled crossover trial in 17 non-smoking, healthy, Chinese men, aged 23.7 ± 2.4 years and BMI 23.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2, the volunteers consumed 3 test meals in a random order, consisting of either non-curry Dose 0 Control (D0C, 0 g spices), or Dose 1 Curry (D1C, 6 g spices) or Dose 2 Curry (D2C, 12 g spices), after overnight fast. There were significant reductions in postprandial allantoin concentrations (p < 0.001) and allantoin to uric acid ratio (p < 0.001) at 2 h and 3 h following test meal consumption, indicating improvements in postprandial redox balance with increasing curry doses, although there were no differences between treatments on F2-isoprostane concentrations or on RHI (measured at 2 h only). Allantoin may have a utility as a biomarker of redox balance, in an acute setting. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier No. NCT02599272).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leroy Sivappiragasam Pakkiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok Ching Chia
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Andries A, De Rechter S, Janssens P, Mekahli D, Van Schepdael A. Simultaneous determination of allantoin and adenosine in human urine using liquid chromatography – UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:201-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Xu L, Zhang H, Yue H, Wu S, Yang H, Wang Z, Qi G. Gas stunning with CO 2 affected meat color, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases, glutathione S-transferases, and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase in the skeletal muscles of broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:37. [PMID: 29760914 PMCID: PMC5941633 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning (GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especially CO2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system. METHODS Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO2 + 21% O2 + 39% N2 (G40%), 79% CO2 + 21% O2 (G79%), or no stunning (0% CO2, control). Meat color, serum variables, enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. RESULTS The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine (T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol (P < 0.01) were increased in the 40% CO2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) 3 d (P < 0.01) and TBARS 6 d (P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS 3 d in thigh meat (P < 0.01) were increased in the 40% CO2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 d both in the breast and thigh meat (r = - 0.63, P < 0.01 and r = - 0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 d in the breast meat and in the thigh meat (r = - 0.57, P = 0.01; and r = - 0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness (L*) 1 d (P = 0.03) and L*9 d (P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration (E*) 1 d (P = 0.05) and E*3 d (P < 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yellowness (b*) 3 d (P = 0.01), b*6 d (P < 0.01) and E*6 d (P < 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the mRNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2, P = 0.03), GSTT1 (P = 0.04), and SOD1 (P = 0.05) were decreased, and the mRNA levels of JNK1 (P = 0.07), Nrf2 (P = 0.09), and GSTA3 (P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the mRNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group (P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO2 compared to GS with 79% CO2 and no GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & National, Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguanchun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & National, Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguanchun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hongyuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & National, Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguanchun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & National, Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguanchun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & National, Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguanchun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
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Low-current & high-frequency electrical stunning increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and gene transcription of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (MAPK/Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway in breast muscle of broilers. Food Chem 2017; 242:491-496. [PMID: 29037719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism of electrical stunning (ES) methods on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection were studied by determining meat color, serum variables, antioxidant-related enzyme activities, gene expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and superoxide dismutases (SODs). Broilers were sacrificed without stunning, or after ES with 65V, 86mA, 1000Hz (E65V) or 150V, 130mA, 60Hz (E150V). Serum cortisol and uric acid, muscular malondialdehyde and mRNA levels of MAPKs, Nrf2, GSTA3, GSTT1 and SOD2 were increased, whereas, serum free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, muscular GST1d activity were decreased in E65V compared with E150V. Overall, the serum uric acid and transcription of the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant responsive element) signaling pathway were elevated, but didn't overcome the oxidative stress stimulated by low-current & high-frequency ES, leading to aggravated lipid peroxidation at 1d and 9d postmortem in breast muscle compared with high-current & low-frequency ES.
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Saqib M, Lou B, Halawa MI, Kitte SA, Liu Z, Xu G. Chemiluminescence of Lucigenin–Allantoin and Its Application for the Detection of Allantoin. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1863-1869. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shimeles Addisu Kitte
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
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MAJERCZAK J, DUDA K, CHLOPICKI S, BARTOSZ G, ZAKRZEWSKA A, BALCERCZYK A, 5, R. T. SMOLEŃSKI, ZOLADZ JA. Endothelial Glycocalyx Integrity Is Preserved in Young, Healthy Men During a Single Bout of Strenuous Physical Exercise. Physiol Res 2016; 65:281-91. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we aimed to evaluate whether oxidative stress and inflammation induced by strenuous exercise affect glycocalyx integrity and endothelial function. Twenty one young, untrained healthy men performed a maximal incremental cycling exercise – until exhaustion. Markers of glycocalyx shedding (syndecan-1, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid), endothelial status (nitric oxide and prostacyclin metabolites – nitrate, nitrite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α), oxidative stress (8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine) and antioxidant capacity (uric acid, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity) as well as markers of inflammation (sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1) were analyzed in venous blood samples taken at rest and at the end of exercise. The applied strenuous exercise caused a 5-fold increase in plasma lactate and hypoxanthine concentrations (p<0.001), a fall in plasma uric acid concentration and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (p<10−4), accompanied by an increase (p=0.003) in sVCAM-1 concentration. Plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α concentration increased (p=0.006) at exhaustion, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations were not affected. Surprisingly, no significant changes in serum syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate concentrations were observed. We have concluded, that a single bout of severe-intensity exercise is well accommodated by endothelium in young, healthy men as it neither results in evident glycocalyx disruption nor in the impairment of nitric oxide and prostacyclin production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. A. ZOLADZ
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Chair of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
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